ARCHIVE // ID // 2016

Indonesia

2016 Edition — sovereign

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Communications
Broadcast media [time series]
mixture of about a dozen national TV networks - 2 public broadcasters, the remainder private broadcasters - each with multiple transmitters; more than 100 local TV stations; widespread use of satellite and cable TV systems; public radio broadcaster operates 6 national networks, as well as regional and local stations; overall, more than 700 radio stations with more than 650 privately operated (2008)
Internet country code [time series]
.id
Internet users [time series]
total: 56.257 million | percent of population: 22% (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 14
Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]
general assessment: domestic service includes an interisland microwave system, an HF radio police net, and a domestic satellite communications system; international service good | domestic: coverage provided by existing network has been expanded by use of over 200,000 telephone kiosks many located in remote areas; mobile-cellular subscribership growing rapidly | international: country code - 62; landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks that provide links throughout Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2015)
Telephones - fixed lines [time series]
total subscriptions: 22.386 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 11
Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]
total: 338.426 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 132 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 4
Economy
Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]
rubber and similar products, palm oil, poultry, beef, forest products, shrimp, cocoa, coffee, medicinal herbs, essential oil, fish and its similar products, and spices
Budget [time series]
revenues: $112.6 billion | expenditures: $134.2 billion (2015 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]
-2.5% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 102
Central bank discount rate [time series]
6.37% (31 December 2010) | 6.46% (31 December 2009) | note: this figure represents the 3-month SBI rate; the Bank of Indonesia has not employed the one-month SBI since September 2010 | country comparison to the world: 61
Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]
12.66% (31 December 2015 est.) | 12.61% (31 December 2014 est.) | note: these figures represent the average annualized rate on working capital loans | country comparison to the world: 61
Current account balance [time series]
-$17.76 billion (2015 est.) | -$27.52 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 185
Debt - external [time series]
$316 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $293.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 33
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]
36.8 (2009) | 39.4 (2005) | country comparison to the world: 79
Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]
Indonesia, the largest economy in Southeast Asia, has seen a slowdown in growth since 2012, mostly due to the end of the commodities export boom. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth. Indonesia’s annual budget deficit is capped at 3% of GDP, and the Government of Indonesia lowered its debt-to-GDP ratio from a peak of 100% shortly after the Asian financial crisis in 1999 to less than 25% today. Fitch and Moody's upgraded Indonesia's credit rating to investment grade in December 2011. | Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among its regions. President Joko WIDODO - elected in July 2014 – seeks to develop Indonesia’s maritime resources and pursue other infrastructure development, including significantly increasing its electrical power generation capacity. Fuel subsidies were significantly reduced in early 2015, a move which has helped the government redirect its spending to development priorities. Indonesia, with the nine other ASEAN members, will continue to move towards participation in the ASEAN Economic Community, though full implementation of economic integration has not yet materialized.
Exchange rates [time series]
Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar - | 13,389.4 (2015 est.) | 11,865.2 (2014 est.) | 11,865.2 (2013 est.) | 9,386.63 (2012 est.) | 8,770.43 (2011 est.)
Exports [time series]
$148.4 billion (2015 est.) | $175.3 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 31
Exports - commodities [time series]
mineral fuels, animal or vegetable fats (includes palm oil), electrical machinery, rubber, machinery and mechanical appliance parts
Exports - partners [time series]
Japan 12%, US 10.8%, China 10%, Singapore 8.4%, India 7.8%, South Korea 5.1%, Malaysia 5.1% (2015)
Fiscal year [time series]
calendar year
GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]
$859 billion (2015 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]
$2.842 trillion (2015 est.) | $2.712 trillion (2014 est.) | $2.582 trillion (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 9
GDP - composition, by end use [time series]
household consumption: 57% | government consumption: 9.7% | investment in fixed capital: 33.2% | investment in inventories: -0.1% | exports of goods and services: 21.1% | imports of goods and services: -20.9% (2015 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]
agriculture: 14% | industry: 41.3% | services: 44.7% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]
$11,100 (2015 est.) | $10,800 (2014 est.) | $10,400 (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 131
Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]
4.8% (2015 est.) | 5% (2014 est.) | 5.6% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 51
Gross national saving [time series]
32.5% of GDP (2015 est.) | 31.5% of GDP (2014 est.) | 30.7% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 20
Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]
lowest 10%: 3.4% | highest 10%: 28.2% (2010)
Imports [time series]
$135.1 billion (2015 est.) | $168.3 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 32
Imports - commodities [time series]
mineral fuels, boilers, machinery, and mechanical parts, electric machinery, iron and steel, foodstuffs
Imports - partners [time series]
China 20.6%, Singapore 12.6%, Japan 9.3%, Malaysia 6%, South Korea 5.9%, Thailand 5.7%, US 5.3% (2015)
Industrial production growth rate [time series]
2.7% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 81
Industries [time series]
petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism
Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]
6.4% (2015 est.) | 6.4% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 188
Labor force [time series]
122.4 million (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 5
Labor force - by occupation [time series]
agriculture: 38.9% | industry: 13.2% | services: 47.9% (2012 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]
$396.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $390.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $360.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 27
Population below poverty line [time series]
11.3% (2014 est.)
Public debt [time series]
28.4% of GDP (2015 est.) | 25.9% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 145
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]
$105.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $111.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 23
Stock of broad money [time series]
$348.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $305.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 29
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]
$33.32 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $24.05 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 50
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]
$271.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $253.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 23
Stock of domestic credit [time series]
$354.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $360.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 31
Stock of narrow money [time series]
$76.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $75.74 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 41
Taxes and other revenues [time series]
13.1% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 204
Unemployment rate [time series]
6.2% (2015 est.) | 5.9% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 71
Energy
Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]
442 million Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 15
Crude oil - exports [time series]
310,100 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 25
Crude oil - imports [time series]
463,000 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 23
Crude oil - production [time series]
785,900 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 23
Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]
3.693 billion bbl (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 29
Electricity - consumption [time series]
195 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 22
Electricity - exports [time series]
0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 152
Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]
83.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 92
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]
11% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 113
Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 111
Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]
5.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 55
Electricity - imports [time series]
9 million kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 162
Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]
55 million kW (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 23
Electricity - production [time series]
216 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 23
Electricity access [time series]
population without electricity: 48,700,000 | electrification - total population: 81% | electrification - urban areas: 94% | electrification - rural areas: 66% (2013)
Natural gas - consumption [time series]
41.72 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 23
Natural gas - exports [time series]
31.78 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 12
Natural gas - imports [time series]
1.8 billion cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 211
Natural gas - production [time series]
73.45 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 12
Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]
2.875 trillion cu m (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 13
Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]
1.688 million bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 14
Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]
81,950 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 51
Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]
691,600 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 10
Refined petroleum products - production [time series]
926,300 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 24
Geography
Area [time series]
total: 1,904,569 sq km | land: 1,811,569 sq km | water: 93,000 sq km | country comparison to the world: 15
Area - comparative [time series]
slightly less than three times the size of Texas
Climate [time series]
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Coastline [time series]
54,716 km
Elevation [time series]
mean elevation: 367 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m | highest point: Puncak Jaya 4,884 m
Environment - current issues [time series]
deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires
International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Geographic coordinates [time series]
5 00 S, 120 00 E
Geography - note [time series]
archipelago of 17,508 islands, some 6,000 of which are inhabited (Indonesia is the world's largest country comprised solely of islands); straddles the equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean; despite having the fourth largest population in the world, Indonesia is the most heavily forested region on earth after the Amazon
Irrigated land [time series]
67,220 sq km (2012)
Land boundaries [time series]
total: 2,958 km | border countries (3): Timor-Leste 253 km, Malaysia 1,881 km, Papua New Guinea 824 km
Land use [time series]
agricultural land: 31.2% | arable land 13%; permanent crops 12.1%; permanent pasture 6.1% | forest: 51.7% | other: 17.1% (2011 est.)
Location [time series]
Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
Map references [time series]
Southeast Asia
Maritime claims [time series]
measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines | territorial sea: 12 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Natural hazards [time series]
occasional floods; severe droughts; tsunamis; earthquakes; volcanoes; forest fires | volcanism: Indonesia contains the most volcanoes of any country in the world - some 76 are historically active; significant volcanic activity occurs on Java, Sumatra, the Sunda Islands, Halmahera Island, Sulawesi Island, Sangihe Island, and in the Banda Sea; Merapi (elev. 2,968 m), Indonesia's most active volcano and in eruption since 2010, has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Agung, Awu, Karangetang, Krakatau (Krakatoa), Makian, Raung, and Tambora
Natural resources [time series]
petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
Terrain [time series]
mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
Government
Administrative divisions [time series]
31 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region** (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 national capital district*** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta Raya***, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta** | note: following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and municipalities have become the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services
Capital [time series]
name: Jakarta | geographic coordinates: 6 10 S, 106 49 E | time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | note: Indonesia has three time zones
Citizenship [time series]
citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Indonesia | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: 5 continuous years
Constitution [time series]
drafted July to August 1945, effective 17 August 1945, abrogated by 1949 and 1950 constitutions, 1945 constitution restored 5 July 1959; amended several times, last in 2002; note - an amendment on "national character building and national consciousness awareness" was pending parliamentary review in early 2016 (2016)
Country name [time series]
conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia | conventional short form: Indonesia | local long form: Republik Indonesia | local short form: Indonesia | former: Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies | etymology: the name is an 18th-century construct of two Greek words, "Indos" (India) and "nesoi" (islands), meaning "Indian islands"
Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador Robert O. BLAKE, Jr. (since 30 January 2014) | embassy: Jalan Medan Merdeka Selatan 3-5, Jakarta 10110 | mailing address: Unit 8129, Box 1, FPO AP 96520 | telephone: [62] (21) 3435-9000 | FAX: [62] (21) 386-2259 | consulate general: Surabaya | consulate: Medan | consular agency: Bali
Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador Budi BOWOLEKSONO (since 21 May 2014) | chancery: 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 | telephone: [1] (202) 775-5200 | FAX: [1] (202) 775-5365 | consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco
Executive branch [time series]
chief of state: President Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President Jusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2014); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government | head of government: President Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President Jusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2014) | cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president | elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 July 2014 (next to be held in 2019) | election results: Joko WiDODO elected president; percent of vote - Joko WIDODO (PDI-P) 53.2%, PRABOWO Subianto (GERINDRA) 46.8%
Flag (Flag description) [time series]
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; the colors derive from the banner of the Majapahit Empire of the 13th-15th centuries; red symbolizes courage, white represents purity | note: similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red
Government type [time series]
presidential republic
Independence [time series]
17 August 1945 (declared)
International law organization participation [time series]
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
International organization participation [time series]
ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-11, G-15, G-20, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OECD (Enhanced Engagement, OIC, OPCW, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Judicial branch [time series]
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (51 judges divided into 8 chambers); Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi (consists of 9 judges) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by Judicial Commission, appointed by president with concurrence of parliament; judges serve until retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court judges - 3 nominated by president, 3 by Supreme Court, and 3 by parliament; judges appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 70 | subordinate courts: High Courts of Appeal, district courts, religious courts
Legal system [time series]
civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law
Legislative branch [time series]
description: bicameral People's Consultative Assembly or Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat consists of the Regional Representative Council or Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (132 seats; non-partisan members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (560 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by single non-transferable vote to serve 5-year terms) | note: 29 other parties received less than the 2.5% vote threshold and failed to win so did not obtain any seats; because of election rules, the number of seats won does not always follow the percentage of votes received by parties | elections: last held on 9 April 2014 (next to be held in 2019) | election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDI-P 19%, Golkar 15%, Gerindra 12%, PD 10%, PKB 9%, PAN 8%, PKS 7%, NasDem 7%, PPP 7%, Hanura 5%; seats by party - PDI-P 109, Golkar 91, Gerindra 73, PD 61, PAN 49, PKB 47, PKS 40, NasDem 35, PPP 39, Hanura 16
National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]
name: "Indonesia Raya" (Great Indonesia) | lyrics/music: Wage Rudolf SOEPRATMAN | note: adopted 1945
National holiday [time series]
Independence Day, 17 August (1945)
National symbol(s) [time series]
garuda (mythical bird); national colors: red, white
Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]
Democrat Party or PD [Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO] | Functional Groups Party or GOLKAR [Aburizal BAKRIE] | Great Indonesia Movement Party or GERINDRA [PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo] | Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri] | National Awakening Party or PKB [Muhaiman ISKANDAR] | National Mandate Party or PAN [Hatta RAJASA] | People's Conscience Party or HANURA [WIRANTO] | Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Anis MATTA] | United Development Party or PPP [NA]
Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]
Commission for the "Disappeared" and Victims of Violence or KontraS | Indonesia Corruption Watch or ICW | Indonesian Forum for the Environment or WALHI
Suffrage [time series]
17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age
Introduction
Background [time series]
The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence shortly before Japan's surrender, but it required four years of sometimes brutal fighting, intermittent negotiations, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. A period of sometimes unruly parliamentary democracy ended in 1957 when President SOEKARNO declared martial law and instituted "Guided Democracy." After an abortive coup in 1965 by alleged communist sympathizers, SOEKARNO was gradually eased from power. From 1967 until 1988, President SUHARTO ruled Indonesia with his "New Order" government. After rioting toppled SUHARTO in 1998, free and fair legislative elections took place in 1999. Indonesia is now the world's third most populous democracy, the world's largest archipelagic state, and the world's largest Muslim-majority nation. Current issues include: alleviating poverty, improving education, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing economic and financial reforms, stemming corruption, reforming the criminal justice system, holding the military and police accountable for human rights violations, addressing climate change, and controlling infectious diseases, particularly those of global and regional importance. In 2005, Indonesia reached a historic peace agreement with armed separatists in Aceh, which led to democratic elections in Aceh in December 2006. Indonesia continues to face low intensity armed resistance in Papua by the separatist Free Papua Movement.
Military and Security
Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]
Indonesian Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI): Army (TNI-Angkatan Darat (TNI-AD)), Navy (TNI-Angkatan Laut (TNI-AL); includes marines (Korps Marinir, KorMar), naval air arm), Air Force (TNI-Angkatan Udara (TNI-AU)), National Air Defense Command (Kommando Pertahanan Udara Nasional (Kohanudnas)) (2013)
Military expenditures [time series]
0.78% of GDP (2012) | 0.67% of GDP (2011) | 0.78% of GDP (2010) | country comparison to the world: 116
Military service age and obligation [time series]
18-45 years of age for voluntary military service, with selective conscription authorized; 2-year service obligation, with reserve obligation to age 45 (officers); Indonesian citizens only (2012)
People and Society
Age structure [time series]
0-14 years: 25.42% (male 33,435,020/female 32,224,706) | 15-24 years: 17.03% (male 22,397,086/female 21,604,985) | 25-54 years: 42.35% (male 55,857,415/female 53,543,682) | 55-64 years: 8.4% (male 9,918,897/female 11,790,016) | 65 years and over: 6.79% (male 7,630,251/female 9,913,993) (2016 est.)
Birth rate [time series]
16.4 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 113
Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]
total number: 4,026,285 | percentage: 7% | note: data represent children ages 5-17 (2009 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]
19.9% (2013) | country comparison to the world: 31
Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]
61.9% (2012)
Death rate [time series]
6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 149
Dependency ratios [time series]
total dependency ratio: 49% | youth dependency ratio: 41.2% | elderly dependency ratio: 7.7% | potential support ratio: 13% (2015 est.)
Drinking water source [time series]
urban: 94.2% of population | rural: 79.5% of population | total: 87.4% of population | urban: 5.8% of population | rural: 20.5% of population | total: 12.6% of population (2015 est.)
Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]
3.3% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 143
Ethnic groups [time series]
Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3.6%, Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Buginese 2.7%, Bantenese 2%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.7%, Acehnese 1.4%, Dayak 1.4%, Sasak 1.3%, Chinese 1.2%, other 15% (2010 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]
0.48% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 71
HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]
35,300 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 8
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]
692,800 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 14
Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]
2.8% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 180
Hospital bed density [time series]
0.9 beds/1,000 population (2012)
Infant mortality rate [time series]
total: 23.5 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 27.5 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 19.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 71
Languages [time series]
Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese) | note: more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia
Life expectancy at birth [time series]
total population: 72.7 years | male: 70.1 years | female: 75.5 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 141
Literacy [time series]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 93.9% | male: 96.3% | female: 91.5% (2015 est.)
Major infectious diseases [time series]
degree of risk: very high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever | vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria (2016)
Major urban areas - population [time series]
JAKARTA (capital) 10.323 million; Surabaya 2.853 million; Bandung 2.544 million; Medan 2.204 million; Semarang 1.63 million; Makassar 1.489 million (2015)
Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]
126 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52
Median age [time series]
total: 29.9 years | male: 29.3 years | female: 30.5 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117
Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]
22.8 | note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2012 est.)
Nationality [time series]
noun: Indonesian(s) | adjective: Indonesian
Net migration rate [time series]
-1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 148
Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]
5.7% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 160
Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]
0.2 physicians/1,000 population (2012)
Population [time series]
258,316,051 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 5
Population growth rate [time series]
0.89% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 126
Religions [time series]
Muslim 87.2%, Christian 7%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Hindu 1.7%, other 0.9% (includes Buddhist and Confucian), unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.)
Sanitation facility access [time series]
urban: 72.3% of population | rural: 47.5% of population | total: 60.8% of population | urban: 27.7% of population | rural: 52.5% of population | total: 39.2% of population (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]
total: 13 years | male: 13 years | female: 13 years (2014)
Sex ratio [time series]
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.84 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female | total population: 1 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
Total fertility rate [time series]
2.13 children born/woman (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 102
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]
total: 31.3% | male: 19.5% | female: 21.4% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49
Urbanization [time series]
urban population: 53.7% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 2.69% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international [time series]
Indonesia has a stated foreign policy objective of establishing stable fixed land and maritime boundaries with all of its neighbors; three stretches of land borders with Timor-Leste have yet to be delimited, two of which are in the Oecussi exclave area, and no maritime or Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundaries have been established between the countries; many refugees from Timor-Leste who left in 2003 still reside in Indonesia and refuse repatriation; all borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches; land and maritime negotiations with Malaysia are ongoing, and disputed areas include the controversial Tanjung Datu and Camar Wulan border area in Borneo and the maritime boundary in the Ambalat oil block in the Celebes Sea; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalizing their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; Indonesian secessionists, squatters, and illegal migrants create repatriation problems for Papua New Guinea; maritime delimitation talks continue with Palau; EEZ negotiations with Vietnam are ongoing, and the two countries in Fall 2011 agreed to work together to reduce illegal fishing along their maritime boundary
Illicit drugs [time series]
illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use; producer of methamphetamine and ecstasy; President WIDODO's war on drugs has led to an increase in death sentences and executions, particularly of foreign drug traffickers (2015)
Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]
IDPs: 6,100 (inter-communal, inter-faith, and separatist violence between 1998 and 2004 in Aceh and Papua; religious attacks and land conflicts in 2012 and 2013; most IDPs in Aceh, Maluku, East Nusa Tengarra) (2015) (2011)
Transportation
Airports [time series]
673 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 10
Airports - with paved runways [time series]
total: 186 | over 3,047 m: 5 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 21 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 51 | 914 to 1,523 m: 72 | under 914 m: 37 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]
total: 487 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 | 914 to 1,523 m: 23 | under 914 m: 460 (2013)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]
PK (2016)
Heliports [time series]
76 (2013)
Merchant marine [time series]
total: 1,340 | by type: bulk carrier 105, cargo 618, chemical tanker 69, container 120, liquefied gas 28, passenger 49, passenger/cargo 77, petroleum tanker 244, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 12, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 11 | foreign-owned: 69 (China 1, France 1, Greece 1, Japan 8, Jordan 1, Malaysia 1, Norway 3, Singapore 46, South Korea 2, Taiwan 1, UK 2, US 2) | registered in other countries: 95 (Bahamas 2, Cambodia 2, China 2, Hong Kong 10, Liberia 4, Marshall Islands 1, Mongolia 2, Panama 10, Singapore 60, Tuvalu 1, unknown 1) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 8
National air transport system [time series]
number of registered air carriers: 29 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 550 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 88,685,767 | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 747,473,207 mt-km (2015)
Pipelines [time series]
condensate 1,064 km; condensate/gas 150 km; gas 11,702 km; liquid petroleum gas 119 km; oil 7,767 km; oil/gas/water 77 km; refined products 728 km; unknown 53 km; water 44 km (2013)
Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]
major seaport(s): Banjarmasin, Belawan, Kotabaru, Krueg Geukueh, Palembang, Panjang, Sungai Pakning, Tanjung Perak, Tanjung Priok | container port(s) (TEUs): Tanjung Priok (5,617,562) | LNG terminal(s) (export): Bontang, Tangguh | LNG terminal(s) (import): Arun, Lampung, West Java
Railways [time series]
total: 8,159 km | narrow gauge: 8,159 km 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified) | note: 4,816 km operational (2014) | country comparison to the world: 26
Roadways [time series]
total: 496,607 km | paved: 283,102 km | unpaved: 213,505 km (2011) | country comparison to the world: 14
Transportation - note [time series]
the International Maritime Bureau continues to report the territorial and offshore waters in the Strait of Malacca and South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; attacks have increased yearly since 2009; in 2014, 100 commercial vessels were attacked and 90 crew members taken hostage; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift
Waterways [time series]
21,579 km (2011) | country comparison to the world: 7