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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

2 state-owned TV stations with multiple transmission sites; 5 private TV stations broadcast locally; cable TV service is available; state-owned radio network with multiple stations; several dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.tg

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

1,168 (2012) country comparison to the world: 170

Internet users [time series]

356,300 (2009) country comparison to the world: 123

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile-cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 50 telephones per 100 persons with mobile-cellular use predominating international: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Symphonie

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

240,000 (2011) country comparison to the world: 125

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

3.105 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 126

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (manioc), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: $729.6 million expenditures: $872.2 million (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-3.9% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 129

Central bank discount rate [time series]

2.5% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 90 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

NA%

Current account balance [time series]

-$418.4 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 93 -$302.7 million (2011 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$NA (31 December 2010) $1.64 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

This small, sub-Saharan economy suffers from anemic economic growth and depends heavily on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for a significant share of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is among the world's largest producers of phosphate and Togo seeks to develop its carbonate phosphate reserves. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on follow through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors. Foreign direct investment inflows have slowed over recent years. Togo completed its IMF Extended Credit Facility in 2011 and reached a HIPC debt relief completion point in 2010 at which 95% of the country's debt was forgiven. Togo continues to work with the IMF on structural reforms.

Exchange rates [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 514.1 (2012 est.) 471.87 (2011 est.) 495.28 (2010 est.) 472.19 (2009) 447.81 (2008)

Exports [time series]

$893.8 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 160 $928.7 million (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa

Exports - partners [time series]

China 10.7%, Burkina Faso 8.3%, India 8.3%, Benin 8.2%, Niger 6.3%, Germany 5.7%, Ghana 4.8%, Indonesia 4.7% (2011)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$3.624 billion (2012 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$6.899 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 160 $6.569 billion (2011 est.) $6.264 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 45.7% industry: 21.4% services: 33% (2012 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$1,100 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 212 $1,100 (2011 est.) $1,000 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

5% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 56 4.9% (2011 est.) 4% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3.3% highest 10%: 27.1% (2006)

Imports [time series]

$1.492 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 170 $1.455 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products

Imports - partners [time series]

China 32.5%, France 8.7%, Belgium 7.9%, India 6.2%, US 5.1%, UK 4.6% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

2.5% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 114

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

2.8% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 70 3.6% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

25.4% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 45

Labor force [time series]

2.595 million (2007) country comparison to the world: 110

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 65% industry: 5% services: 30% (1998 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Population below poverty line [time series]

32% (1989 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$678 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 144 $774.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$1.534 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 158 $1.635 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$1.119 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 154 $1.193 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$954.5 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 151 $981.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

20.1% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 161

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

3.166 million Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 139

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 192

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 128

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 195

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 195

Electricity - consumption [time series]

651 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 162

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 138

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

21.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 187

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

78.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 17

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 187

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 193

Electricity - imports [time series]

683 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 67

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

85,000 kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 172

Electricity - production [time series]

123 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 192

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 199

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 64

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 137

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 198

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 198

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

28,670 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 119

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 135

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

6,829 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 144

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 199

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 56,785 sq km country comparison to the world: 126 land: 54,385 sq km water: 2,400 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate [time series]

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Coastline [time series]

56 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Agou 986 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 0.17 cu km/yr (53%/2%/45%) per capita: 28 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

8 00 N, 1 10 E

Geography - note [time series]

the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna

Irrigated land [time series]

70 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 44.2% permanent crops: 2.11% other: 53.69% (2005)

Location [time series]

Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 30 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts

Natural resources [time series]

phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land

Terrain [time series]

gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Total renewable water resources [time series]

14.7 cu km (2001)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

5 regions (regions, singular - region); Centrale, Kara, Maritime, Plateaux, Savanes

Capital [time series]

name: Lome geographic coordinates: 6 07 N, 1 13 E time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togoland

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Robert E. WHITEHEAD embassy: 4332 Blvd. Gnassingbe Eyadema, Cite OUA, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome; 2300 Lome Place, Washington, DC 20512-2300 telephone: [228] 261-5470 FAX: [228] 261-5501

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Kadangha Limbiya BARIKI chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 4 May 2005); head of government: Prime Minister Kwesi AHOOMEY-ZUNU (since 23 July 2012) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 4 March 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE 60.9%, Jean-Pierre FABRE 33.9%, Yawovi AGBOYIBO 3%, other 2.2%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; a white five-pointed star on a red square is in the upper hoist-side corner; the five horizontal stripes stand for the five different regions of the country; the red square is meant to express the loyalty and patriotism of the people; green symbolizes hope, fertility, and agriculture; yellow represents mineral wealth and faith that hard work and strength will bring prosperity; the star symbolizes life, purity, peace, dignity, and Togo's independence note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Government type [time series]

republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Independence [time series]

27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

International law organization participation [time series]

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

Constitutional Court; High Court of Justice; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel; Court of Audits

Legal system [time series]

customary law system

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 14 October 2007 (next to be held in October 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - RPT 39.4%, UFC 37.0%, CAR 8.2%, independents 2.5%, other 12.9%; seats by party - RPT 50, UFC 27, CAR 4

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Salut a toi, pays de nos aieux" (Hail to Thee, Land of Our Forefathers) lyrics/music: Alex CASIMIR-DOSSEH note: adopted 1960, restored 1992; this anthem was replaced by another during one-party rule between 1979 and 1992

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA; Democratic Party for Renewal or PDR; Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP; National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]; Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harry OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [Faure GNASSINGBE]; Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, ruled Togo with a heavy hand for almost four decades. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government was largely dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967 and maintains a majority of seats in today's legislature. Upon EYADEMA's death in February 2005, the military installed the president's son, Faure GNASSINGBE, and then engineered his formal election two months later. Democratic gains since then allowed Togo to hold its first relatively free and fair legislative elections in October 2007. After years of political unrest and condemnation from international organizations for human rights abuses, Togo is finally being re-welcomed into the international community. In January 2012, Togo assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2012-13 term.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,577,572 females age 16-49: 1,589,715 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,104,536 females age 16-49: 1,158,061 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 74,036 female: 73,515 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Togolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Togolaise, FAT): Ground Forces, Togolese Navy (Marine du Togo), Togolese Air Force (Force Aerienne Togolaise, TAF), National Gendarmerie (2011)

Military expenditures [time series]

1.6% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 91

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 2-year service obligation (2006)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 40.8% (male 1,424,148/ female 1,417,072) 15-64 years: 56% (male 1,931,586/ female 1,966,298) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 96,386/ female 125,559) (2012 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

35.26 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 26

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

20.5% (2008) country comparison to the world: 34

Death rate [time series]

7.78 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 108

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

4.6% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 78

Ethnic groups [time series]

African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

3.2% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 22

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

7,700 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 28

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

120,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 38

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

5.9% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 111

Hospital bed density [time series]

0.85 beds/1,000 population (2005)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 49.87 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 43 male: 56.72 deaths/1,000 live births female: 42.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages [time series]

French (official, the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 63.17 years country comparison to the world: 176 male: 60.64 years female: 65.77 years (2012 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 60.9% male: 75.4% female: 46.9% (2003 est.)

Major urban areas - population (Major cities - population) [time series]

LOME (capital) 1.593 million (2009)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

300 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 39

Median age [time series]

total: 19.4 years male: 19.1 years female: 19.6 years (2012 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 107

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

0.053 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Population [time series]

6,961,049 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 101 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population growth rate [time series]

2.748% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 20

Religions [time series]

Christian 29%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 51%

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 24% of population rural: 3% of population total: 12% of population unimproved: urban: 76% of population rural: 97% of population total: 88% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 10 years male: 11 years female: 8 years (2007)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.64 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 28

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 43% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 3.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; in 2006, 14,000 Togolese refugees remain in Benin and Ghana out of the 40,000 who fled there in 2005; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River

Illicit drugs [time series]

transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 13,676 (Ghana); 5,151 (Cote d'Ivoire) (2011) IDPs: undetermined (2012)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

8 (2012) country comparison to the world: 163

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2012)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 61 country comparison to the world: 66 by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 38, carrier 3, chemical tanker 5, container 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 21 (China 1, Lebanon 6, Romania 1, Syria 6, Turkey 4, UAE 1, US 1, Yemen 1) (2010)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Kpeme, Lome

Railways [time series]

total: 568 km country comparison to the world: 110 narrow gauge: 568 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Roadways [time series]

total: 7,520 km country comparison to the world: 146 paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (2000)

Waterways [time series]

50 km (seasonally navigable by small craft on the Mono River depending on rainfall) (2011) country comparison to the world: 103