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Communications

Internet users (Internet Service Providers (ISPs)) [time series]

3 (2001)

Internet country code [time series]

.tg

Internet users [time series]

50,000 (2002)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)

Radios [time series]

940,000 (1997)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

25,000 (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

2,995 (1997)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)

Televisions [time series]

73,000 (1997)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: $232 million expenditures: $252 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Exchange rates (Currency code) [time series]

XOF

Debt - external [time series]

$1.5 billion (1999) (1999)

Economic aid (Economic aid - recipient) [time series]

$201.1 million (1995) (1995)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most significant cash crop despite falling prices on the world market. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, jeopardized the reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted vital economic activity. The 12 January 1994 devaluation of the XOF currency by 50% provided an important impetus to renewed structural adjustment. In the industrial sector, phosphate mining is by far the most important activity. Togo is the world's fourth largest producer, and geological advantages keep production costs low. The recently privatized mining operation, Office Togolais des Phosphates (OTP), is slowly recovering from a steep fall in prices in the early 1990's, but continues to face the challenge of tough foreign competition, exacerbated by weakening demand. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. It continues to expand its duty-free export-processing zone (EPZ), launched in 1989, which has attracted enterprises from France, Italy, Scandinavia, the US, India, and China and created jobs for Togolese nationals. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress towards legislative elections, and possible downsizing of the military, on which the regime has depended to stay in place. Lack of large-scale foreign aid, deterioration of the financial sector, energy shortages, and depressed commodity prices continue to constrain economic growth. The takeover of the national power company by a Franco-Canadian consortium in 2000 should ease the energy crisis.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

525.21 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2000)

Electricity - imports [time series]

435 million kWh note: electricity supplied by Ghana (2000)

Electricity - production [time series]

97 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source [time series]

fossil fuel: 98% other: 0% (2000) hydro: 2% nuclear: 0%

Exchange rates [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 741.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro

Exports [time series]

$306 million f.o.b. (2001)

Exports - commodities [time series]

cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa

Exports - partners [time series]

Benin 12%, Nigeria 9%, Belgium 5%, Ghana 4% (2000)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $7.6 billion (2001 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 42% industry: 21% services: 37% (2001 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2001 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

2.2% (2001 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports [time series]

$420 million f.o.b. (2001)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products

Imports - partners [time series]

Ghana 26%, France 11%, China 7%, Cote d'Ivoire 7% (2000)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

NA%

Industries [time series]

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

2.3% (2001 est.)

Labor force [time series]

1.74 million (1996) (1996)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

32% (1989 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 56,785 sq km water: 2,400 sq km land: 54,385 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate [time series]

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Coastline [time series]

56 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Agou 986 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

8 00 N, 1 10 E

Geography - note [time series]

the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna

Irrigated land [time series]

70 sq km (1998 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 41.37% permanent crops: 1.84% other: 56.79% (1998 est.)

Location [time series]

Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 30 NM

Natural hazards [time series]

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts

Natural resources [time series]

phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land

Terrain [time series]

gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

5 regions (regions, singular - region); De La Kara, Des Plateaux, Des Savanes, Centrale, Maritime

Capital [time series]

Lome

Constitution [time series]

multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local short form: none former: French Togoland local long form: Republique Togolaise

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Karl HOFMANN embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94 FAX: [228] 221 79 52

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967) head of government: Prime Minister Koffi SAMA (since 29 June 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1998 (next to be held June 2003); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 52.13%, Gilchrist OLYMPIO 34.12%, other 13.75%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Government type [time series]

republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Independence [time series]

27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

International organization participation [time series]

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Legal system [time series]

French-based court system

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next NA 2006) note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change, and the Action Committee for Renewal election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 72, RSD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles or CFN [Joseph KOFFIGOH]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Leopold GNININVI]; Party for Democracy and Renewal or PDR [Zarifou AYEVA]; Patriotic Pan-African Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile), Jean Pierre FABRE, general secretary in Togo]; Union of Independent Liberals or ULI [Jacques AMOUZOU] note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

NA years of age; universal adult

Introduction

Background [time series]

French Togoland became Togo in 1960. General Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continues to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. Most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen.

Military

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

$21.9 million (FY01)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

1.8% (FY01)

Military manpower - availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,220,758 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service [time series]

males age 15-49: 640,280 (2002 est.)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 45.1% (male 1,195,052; female 1,187,014) 15-64 years: 52.4% (male 1,351,345; female 1,420,617) 65 years and over: 2.5% (male 56,270; female 75,203) (2002 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

36.11 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Death rate [time series]

11.3 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

5.98% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

14,000 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

130,000 (1999 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

69.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

Languages [time series]

French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 54.02 years female: 56.07 years (2002 est.) male: 52.03 years

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 51.7% male: 67% female: 37% (1995 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Population [time series]

5,285,501 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.48% (2002 est.)

Religions [time series]

indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

5.14 children born/woman (2002 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Benin accuses Togo of moving boundary markers and stationing troops in its territory

Illicit drugs [time series]

transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem

Transportation

Airports [time series]

9 (2001)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2002)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2002)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1996)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,603 GRT/2,800 DWT ships by type: specialized tanker 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Greece 1 (2002 est.)

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

Kpeme, Lome

Railways [time series]

total: 525 km narrow gauge: 525 km 1.000-m gauge (2001)

Waterways [time series]

50 km (Mono river)