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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

2 state-owned TV stations with multiple transmission sites; 5 private TV stations broadcast locally; cable TV service is available; state-owned radio network with multiple stations; several dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.tg

Internet users [time series]

total: 336,000 | percent of population: 4.6% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 138

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile-cellular system | domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 50 telephones per 100 persons with mobile-cellular use predominating | international: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Symphonie (2010)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 63,200 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 155

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total: 4.8 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 66 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 121

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

3 (plus 2 repeaters) (1997)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (manioc, tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: $1.115 billion | expenditures: $1.267 billion (2014 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-3.3% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 129

Central bank discount rate [time series]

2.5% (31 December 2010) | 4.25% (31 December 2009) | country comparison to the world: 112

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

NA%

Current account balance [time series]

-$591 million (2014 est.) | -$567 million (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 109

Debt - external [time series]

$984.4 million (31 December 2014 est.) | $903.3 million (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 164

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

This small, sub-Saharan economy depends heavily on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for a significant share of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is among the world's largest producers of phosphate and seeks to develop its carbonate phosphate reserves. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on follow through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors. Foreign direct investment inflows have slowed over recent years. Togo completed its IMF Extended Credit Facility in 2011 and reached a Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) debt relief completion point in 2010 at which 95% of the country's debt was forgiven. Togo continues to work with the IMF on structural reforms.

Exchange rates [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - | 494.42 (2014 est.) | 494.42 (2013 est.) | 510.53 (2012 est.) | 471.87 (2011 est.) | 495.28 (2010 est.)

Exports [time series]

$1.809 billion (2014 est.) | $1.736 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 148

Exports - commodities [time series]

reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa

Exports - partners [time series]

Burkina Faso 15.9%, Ghana 12.6%, India 10.5%, Nigeria 9%, Benin 8.5%, Niger 8.3%, Lebanon 4.8%, China 4.3% (2014)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$4.594 billion (2014 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$10.16 billion (2014 est.) | $9.678 billion (2013 est.) | $9.182 billion (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 158

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 30.4% | industry: 20.2% | services: 49.4% (2014 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$1,500 (2014 est.) | $1,400 (2013 est.) | $1,300 (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 216

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

5% (2014 est.) | 5.4% (2013 est.) | 5.9% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52

Gross national saving [time series]

10.7% of GDP (2014 est.) | 10.5% of GDP (2013 est.) | 16.3% of GDP (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 145

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3.3% | highest 10%: 27.1% (2006)

Imports [time series]

$3.004 billion (2014 est.) | $2.573 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 147

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products

Imports - partners [time series]

China 24.8%, Belgium 19.2%, France 7.7%, India 6%, US 5.5%, Netherlands 4.1% (2014)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

3.9% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 74

Industries [time series]

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

0.2% (2014 est.) | 1.8% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 29

Labor force [time series]

2.595 million (2007 est.) | country comparison to the world: 112

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 65% | industry: 5% | services: 30% (1998 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Population below poverty line [time series]

32% (1989 est.)

Public debt [time series]

47.4% of GDP (2014 est.) | 46.8% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 76

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$494.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) | $507 million (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 150

Stock of broad money [time series]

$2.061 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $2.035 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 153

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$1.642 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $1.621 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 144

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$1.036 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $1.084 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 151

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

24.3% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 127

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

1.63 million Mt (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 156

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 197

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 134

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 198

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 198

Electricity - consumption [time series]

976 million kWh (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 152

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 204

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

21.7% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 191

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

78.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 17

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 191

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 133

Electricity - imports [time series]

959 million kWh (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 63

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

83,000 kW (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 178

Electricity - production [time series]

109 million kWh (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 197

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 200

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 192

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 141

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 136

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 199

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

13,000 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 146

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 136

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

11,950 bbl/day (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 133

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 136

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 56,785 sq km | land: 54,385 sq km | water: 2,400 sq km | country comparison to the world: 126

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate [time series]

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Coastline [time series]

56 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | highest point: Mont Agou 986 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 0.17 cu km/yr (63%/3%/34%) | per capita: 33.46 cu m/yr (2005)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

8 00 N, 1 10 E

Geography - note [time series]

the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna

Irrigated land [time series]

73 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,880 km | border countries (3): Benin 651 km, Burkina Faso 131 km, Ghana 1,098 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 67.4% | arable land 45.2%; permanent crops 3.8%; permanent pasture 18.4% | forest: 4.9% | other: 27.7% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 30 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts

Natural resources [time series]

phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land

Terrain [time series]

gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Total renewable water resources [time series]

14.7 cu km (2011)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

5 regions (regions, singular - region); Centrale, Kara, Maritime, Plateaux, Savanes

Capital [time series]

name: Lome | geographic coordinates: 6 07 N, 1 13 E | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Togo | dual citizenship recognized: yes | residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Constitution [time series]

several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1992, effective 14 October 1992; amended 2002, 2007 (2015)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Togolese Republic | conventional short form: Togo | local long form: Republique Togolaise | local short form: none | former: French Togoland

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Robert E. WHITEHEAD (since 7 May 2012) | embassy: 4332 Blvd. Gnassingbe Eyadema, Cite OUA, Lome | mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome; 2300 Lome Place, Washington, DC 20521-2300 | telephone: [228] 2261-5470 | FAX: [228] 2261-5501

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Limbiye Edawa Kadangha BARIKI (since 14 July 2009) | chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 | FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 4 May 2005) | head of government: Prime Minister Komi KLASSOU (since 5 June 2015) | cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister | elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 25 April 2015 (next to be held in 2020); prime minister appointed by the president | election results: Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE (UNIR) 58.8%, Jean-Pierre FABRE (ANC) 35.2%, Tchaboure GOGUE 3.1%, other 3.8%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; a white five-pointed star on a red square is in the upper hoist-side corner; the five horizontal stripes stand for the five different regions of the country; the red square is meant to express the loyalty and patriotism of the people; green symbolizes hope, fertility, and agriculture; yellow represents mineral wealth and faith that hard work and strength will bring prosperity; the star symbolizes life, purity, peace, dignity, and Togo's independence | note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Government type [time series]

republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Independence [time series]

27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

International law organization participation [time series]

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into the Criminal Chamber and the Administrative Chamber, each with a chamber president and advisors); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges including the court president) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by decree of the president of the republic upon the proposal of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy, a 9-member judicial, advisory, and disciplinary body; other judge appointments and judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA | subordinate courts: Court of Assizes (sessions court); appeals courts; tribunals of first instance (divided into civil, commercial, and correctional chambers; Court of State Security; military tribunal

Legal system [time series]

customary law system

Legislative branch [time series]

description: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (91 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms) | elections: last held on 25 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018) | election results: percent of vote by party - UNIR 46.7%, CST 28.9%, Rainbow Alliance 10.8%, UFC 7.7%, independent 0.8%, other 5.1%; seats by party - UNIR 62, CST 19, Rainbow Alliance 6, UFC 3, independent 1

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Salut a toi, pays de nos aieux" (Hail to Thee, Land of Our Forefathers) | lyrics/music: Alex CASIMIR-DOSSEH | note: adopted 1960, restored 1992; this anthem was replaced by another during one-party rule between 1979 and 1992

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

National symbol(s) [time series]

lion; national colors: green, yellow, red, white

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Dodji APEVON] | Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Brigitte ADJAMAGBO-JOHNSON] | National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE] | Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO] | Rainbow Alliance (a coalition including CAR and CDPA) [Brigitte ADJAMAGBO-JOHNSON] | Save Togo Collective or CST (a coalition including: ANC and PSR) [Ata Messan Zeus AJAVON | Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR [Abi TCHESSA] | Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU] | Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, ruled Togo with a heavy hand for almost four decades. Despite the facade of multi-party elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government was largely dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has been in power almost continually since 1967 and its successor, the Union for the Republic, maintains a majority of seats in today's legislature. Upon EYADEMA's death in February 2005, the military installed the president's son, Faure GNASSINGBE, and then engineered his formal election two months later. Democratic gains since then allowed Togo to hold its first relatively free and fair legislative elections in October 2007. After years of political unrest and condemnation from international organizations for human rights abuses, Togo is finally being re-welcomed into the international community.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,577,572 | females age 16-49: 1,589,715 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,104,536 | females age 16-49: 1,158,061 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 74,036 | female: 73,515 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Togolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Togolaise, FAT): Togolese Army (l'Armee de Terre), Togolese Navy (Forces Naval Togolaises), Togolese Air Force (Force Aerienne Togolaise, TAF), National Gendarmerie (2013)

Military expenditures [time series]

NA% (2012) | 1.6% of GDP (2011) | NA% (2010)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 2-year service obligation (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 40.56% (male 1,536,301/female 1,527,018) | 15-24 years: 19.51% (male 735,409/female 738,276) | 25-54 years: 32.37% (male 1,214,388/female 1,230,218) | 55-64 years: 4.24% (male 150,890/female 169,158) | 65 years and over: 3.32% (male 108,474/female 142,186) (2015 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

34.13 births/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 29

Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]

total number: 774,801 | percentage: 47% (2010 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

16.5% (2010) | country comparison to the world: 41

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

15.2% (2010)

Death rate [time series]

7.26 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 120

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 81.8% | youth dependency ratio: 76.8% | elderly dependency ratio: 5% | potential support ratio: 19.9% (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

4% of GDP (2012) | country comparison to the world: 91

Ethnic groups [time series]

African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

2.4% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 26

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

4,300 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 35

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

113,700 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 41

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

8.6% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 45

Hospital bed density [time series]

0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 45.22 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 51.76 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 38.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 45

Languages [time series]

French (official, the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 64.51 years | male: 61.91 years | female: 67.17 years (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 179

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 66.5% | male: 78.3% | female: 55.3% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever | vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever | respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis | water contact disease: schistosomiasis | animal contact disease: rabies | note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

LOME (capital) 956,000 (2015)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

368 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 40

Median age [time series]

total: 19.6 years | male: 19.4 years | female: 19.9 years (2015 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Togolese (singular and plural) | adjective: Togolese

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 80

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

6.4% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 169

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Population [time series]

7,552,318 | note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 100

Population growth rate [time series]

2.69% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 17

Religions [time series]

Christian 29%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 51%

Sanitation facility access [time series]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 12 years | male: NA | female: NA (2011)

Sex ratio [time series]

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.48 children born/woman (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 28

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 40% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 3.83% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River

Illicit drugs [time series]

transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 18,444 (Ghana) (2014) | IDPs: undetermined (2015)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

8 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 163

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 2 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 6 | 914 to 1,523 m: 4 | 2 (2013)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 61 | by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 38, carrier 3, chemical tanker 5, container 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1 | foreign-owned: 21 (China 1, Lebanon 6, Romania 1, Syria 6, Turkey 4, UAE 1, US 1, Yemen 1) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 66

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

major seaport(s): Kpeme, Lome

Railways [time series]

total: 568 km | narrow gauge: 568 km 1.000-m gauge (2014) | country comparison to the world: 111

Roadways [time series]

total: 11,652 km | paved: 2,447 km | unpaved: 9,205 km (2007) | country comparison to the world: 129

Waterways [time series]

50 km (seasonally navigable by small craft on the Mono River depending on rainfall) (2011) | country comparison to the world: 102