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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 9 usable: 9 with permanent-surface runways: 2 with runways over 3,659 m: 0 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 0

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

6,462 km total; 1,762 km paved; 4,700 km unimproved roads

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

50 km Mono River

Merchant marine [time series]

2 roll-on/roll-off ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,118 GRT/20,529 DWT

Ports [time series]

Lome, Kpeme (phosphate port)

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

570 km 1.000-meter gauge, single track

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

fair system based on network of radio relay routes supplemented by open wire lines; broadcast stations - 2 AM, no FM, 3 (2 relays) TV; satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE

Defense Forces

Affiliation [time series]

(territory of New Zealand)

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $43 million, about 3% of GDP (1989)

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 862,427; fit for military service 452,974 (1993 est.); no conscription

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for 33% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops - yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock production not significant; annual fish catch, 10,000-14,000 tons

Budget [time series]

revenues $284.8 million; expenditures $407 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Economic aid [time series]

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $142 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $51 million

Electricity [time series]

179,000 kW capacity; 209 million kWh produced, 60 kWh per capita (1990)

Exchange rates [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)

Exports [time series]

$512 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.) commodities: phosphates, cotton, cocoa, coffee partners: EC 40%, Africa 16%, US 1% (1990)

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$1.3 billion (1991)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Imports [time series]

$583 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.) commodities: machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemical products partners: EC 57%, Africa 17%, US 5%, Japan 4% (1990)

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 9.0% (1991 est.); accounts for 20% of GDP

Industries [time series]

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

0.5% (1991 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $1.5 billion (1991 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$400 (1991 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

0% (1991 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 33% of GDP and provides employment for 78% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together account for about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, with phosphate exports accounting for about 40% of total foreign exchange earnings. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government, over the past decade, with IMF and World Bank support, has been implementing a number of economic reform measures to encourage foreign investment and bring revenues in line with expenditures. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1991 and 1992, has jeopardized the reform program and has disrupted vital economic activity.

Unemployment rate [time series]

2% (1987)

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 56,790 km2 land area: 54,390 km2 comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate [time series]

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Coastline [time series]

56 km

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; recent droughts affecting agriculture; deforestation

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

none

Irrigated land [time series]

70 km2 (1989 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total 1,647 km, Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 25% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 4% forest and woodland: 28% other: 42%

Location [time series]

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean beween Benin and Ghana

Map references [time series]

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 30 nm

Natural resources [time series]

phosphates, limestone, marble

Terrain [time series]

gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

21 circumscriptions (circonscriptions, singular - circonscription); Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari), Dapango (Tone), Kande (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Pagouda (Binah), Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse (Haho), Pagouda, Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Nyala, Tchaoudjo, Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo) note: the 21 units may now be called prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture) and reported name changes for individual units are included in parentheses

Capital [time series]

Lome

Constitution [time series]

1980 constitution nullified during national reform conference; transition constitution adopted 24 August 1991; multiparty draft constitution sent to High Council of the Republic for approval in November 1991; adopted by public referendum September 1992

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Ellom-Kodjo SCHUPPIUS chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 234-4212 or 4213

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

President: last held 21 December 1986 (next to be held 1993); results - Gen. EYADEMA was reelected without opposition National Assembly: last held 4 March 1990; dissolved during national reform conference (next to be held 1993); results - RPT was the only party; seats - (77 total) RPT 77; interim legislative High Council of the Republic (HCR) in place since August 1991

Executive branch [time series]

president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Flag [time series]

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Independence [time series]

27 April 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration)

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967) Head of Government: interim Prime Minister Joseph Kokou KOFFIGOH (since 28 August 1991)

Legal system [time series]

French-based court system

Legislative branch [time series]

National Assembly dissolved during national reform conference; 79-member interim High Council for the Republic (HCR) formed to act as legislature during transition to multiparty democracy; legislative elections scheduled to be held in 1993

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Togo conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togo

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) led by President EYADEMA was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991; transition regime in place since August 1991

Suffrage [time series]

universal adult at age NA

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Harmon E. KIRBY embassy: Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 21-29-91 through 94 and 21-77-17 FAX: [228] 21-79-52

People

Birth rate [time series]

47.87 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate [time series]

11.8 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye, European and Syrian-Lebanese under 1%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

91.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Labor force [time series]

NA by occupation: agriculture 78%, industry 22% note: about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors; 50% of population of working age (1985)

Languages [time series]

French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe (one of the two major African languages in the south), Mina (one of the two major African languages in the south), Dagomba (one of the two major African languages in the north), Kabye (one of the two major African languages in the north)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 56.46 years male: 54.45 years female: 58.53 years (1993 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 43% male: 56% female: 31%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Population [time series]

4,104,657 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

3.61% (1993 est.)

Religions [time series]

indigenous beliefs 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10%

Total fertility rate [time series]

6.96 children born/woman (1993 est.)