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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 9 usable: 9 with permanent-surface runways: 2 with runways over 3,659 m: 0 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 0

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 6,462 km paved: 1,762 km unpaved: unimproved earth 4,700 km

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

50 km Mono River

Merchant marine [time series]

2 roll-on/roll-off cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,118 GRT/20,529 DWT

Ports [time series]

Lome, Kpeme (phosphate port)

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

570 km 1.000-meter gauge, single track

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

fair system based on network of radio relay routes supplemented by open wire lines; broadcast stations - 2 AM, no FM, 3 (2 relays) TV; satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE

Defense Forces

Affiliation [time series]

(territory of New Zealand)

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $43 million, about 3% of GDP (1989)

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 898,448; fit for military service 471,807

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for 33% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops - yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock production not significant; annual fish catch of 10,000-14,000 tons

Budget [time series]

revenues: $284 million expenditures: $407 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Economic aid [time series]

recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $142 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $51 million

Electricity [time series]

capacity: 179,000 kW production: 209 million kWh consumption per capita: 60 kWh (1990)

Exchange rates [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 592.05 (January 1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989) note: the official rate is pegged to the French franc, and beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Exports [time series]

$558 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: phosphates, cotton, cocoa, coffee partners: EC 40%, Africa 16%, US 1% (1990)

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$1.3 billion (1991)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Illicit drugs [time series]

increasingly used as transit hub by heroin traffickers

Imports [time series]

$636 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemical products partners: EC 57%, Africa 17%, US 5%, Japan 4% (1990)

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 9% (1991 est.); accounts for 20% of GDP

Industries [time series]

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

0.5% (1991 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $3.3 billion (1993 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$800 (1993 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 33% of GDP and provides employment for 78% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together generate about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, although it has suffered from the collapse of World phosphate prices and increased foreign competition. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government's decade-long IMF and World Bank supported effort to implement economic reform measures to encourage foreign investment and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, has jeopardized the reform program and has disrupted vital economic activity.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 56,790 sq km land area: 54,390 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate [time series]

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Coastline [time series]

56 km

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

current issues: deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; recent droughts affecting agriculture natural hazards: hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

none

Irrigated land [time series]

70 sq km (1989 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total 1,647 km, Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 25% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 4% forest and woodland: 28% other: 42%

Location [time series]

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean beween Benin and Ghana

Map references [time series]

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 30 nm

Natural resources [time series]

phosphates, limestone, marble

Terrain [time series]

gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

23 circumscriptions (circonscriptions, singular - circonscription); Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari), Dapango (Tone), Kande (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Pagouda (Binah), Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse (Haho), Pagouda, Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Nyala, Tchaoudjo, Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo) note: the 23 units may now be called prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture) and reported name changes for individual units are included in parentheses

Capital [time series]

Lome

Constitution [time series]

multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Charge d'Affaires Edem Frederic HEGBE chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 234-4212

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967); election last held 25 August 1993 (next election to be held NA 1998); all major opposition parties boycotted the election; Gen. EYADEMA won 96.5% of the vote head of government: Prime Minister Edem KODJO (since April 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and the prime minister

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[228] 21-79-52

Flag [time series]

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Independence [time series]

27 April 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration)

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Legal system [time series]

French-based court system

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Togo conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togo

Legislative branch (National Assembly) [time series]

elections last held on 6 and 20 February 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; SEATS - (81 total) RPT and allies (pro government) 38, CAR, UTD (the opposition) 40, still contested as of 3 May 1994

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

pro-government: Rally of the Togolese People (RPT), President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles (CFN), Joseph KOFFIGOH moderate: The Togolese Union for Democracy (UTD), Edem KODJO; The Action Committee for Renewal (CAR), Yao AGBOYIBOR radical: The Union for Democracy and Solidarity (UDS), Antoine FOLLY; The Pan-African Sociodemocrats Group (GSP), an alliance of three radical parties: The Democratic Convention of African Peoples (CDPA), Leopold GNININVI; The Party for Democracy and Renewal (PDR), Zarifou AYEVA; The Pan-African Social Party (PSP), Francis AGBAGLI; The Union of Forces for Change (UFC), Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile) note: Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) led by President EYADEMA was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991

Suffrage [time series]

universal adult at age NA

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Harmon E. KIRBY (Ambassador Johnny YOUNG to replace Ambassador KIRBY during the summer of 1994) embassy: Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 21-29-91

People

Birth rate [time series]

47.3 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate [time series]

11.39 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye, European and Syrian-Lebanese under 1%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

88.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Labor force [time series]

NA by occupation: agriculture 78%, industry 22% note: about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors; 50% of population of working age (1985)

Languages [time series]

French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe (one of the two major African languages in the south), Mina (one of the two major African languages in the south), Dagomba (one of the two major African languages in the north), Kabye (one of the two major African languages in the north)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 56.93 years male: 54.87 years female: 59.06 years (1994 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 43% male: 56% female: 31%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Population [time series]

4,255,090 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

3.59% (1994 est.)

Religions [time series]

indigenous beliefs 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10%

Total fertility rate [time series]

6.9 children born/woman (1994 est.)