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Communications

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0

Radios [time series]

795,000 (1992 est.)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

fair system based on network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones international: satellite earth stations--1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones) [time series]

47,000 (10,000 cellular telephone subscribers) (1998 est.)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

3 (in addition, there are two repeaters) (1997)

Televisions [time series]

24,000 (1992 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture--products) [time series]

coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: $232 million expenditures: $252 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Debt - external (Debt--external) [time series]

$1.5 billion (1996)

Economic aid (Economic aid--recipient) [time series]

$201.1 million (1995)

Economic overview (Economy--overview) [time series]

This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton together generate about 30% of export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal, with occasional regional supply difficulties. In the industrial sector, phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, although it has suffered from the collapse of world phosphate prices and increased foreign competition. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, jeopardized the reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted vital economic activity. The 12 January 1994 devaluation of the currency by 50% provided an important impetus to renewed structural adjustment; these efforts were facilitated by the end of strife in 1994 and a return to overt political calm. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased transparency in government accounting to accommodate increased social service outlays, and possible downsizing of the military, on which the regime has depended to stay in place. However, in late 1998 the EU suspended aid and trade preferences for Togo because of grave doubts over the conduct of the presidential elections. The World Bank also suspended its disbursements at yearend 1998 because Togo was unable to pay its arrears.

Electricity - consumption (Electricity--consumption) [time series]

408 million kWh (1996)

Electricity - exports (Electricity--exports) [time series]

0 kWh (1996)

Electricity - imports (Electricity--imports) [time series]

320 million kWh (1996) note: imports electricity from Ghana

Electricity - production (Electricity--production) [time series]

88 million kWh (1996)

Electricity - production by source (Electricity--production by source) [time series]

fossil fuel: 93.18% hydro: 6.82% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1996)

Exchange rates [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--560.01 (December 1998), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994)

Exports [time series]

$345 million (f.o.b., 1997)

Exports - commodities (Exports--commodities) [time series]

cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa

Exports - partners (Exports--partners) [time series]

Canada 7.6%, Taiwan 7.1%, Nigeria 6.8%, South Africa 5.2% (1996 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity--$8.2 billion (1998 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP--composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 32% industry: 23% services: 45% (1995)

Real GDP per capita (GDP--per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity?$1,670 (1998 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP--real growth rate) [time series]

3.8% (1998 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports [time series]

$400 million (f.o.b., 1997)

Imports - commodities (Imports--commodities) [time series]

machinery and equipment, consumer goods, petroleum products

Imports - partners (Imports--partners) [time series]

Ghana 19.1%, France 10.8%, China 8.2%, Cameroon 6.8% (1996 est.)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

13.6% (1995)

Industries [time series]

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

7.2% (1997)

Labor force [time series]

1.538 million (1993 est.)

Labor force - by occupation (Labor force--by occupation) [time series]

agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

32.3% (1987-89 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 56,790 sq km land: 54,390 sq km water: 2,400 sq km

Area - comparative (Area--comparative) [time series]

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate [time series]

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Coastline [time series]

56 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pic Agou 986 m

Environment - current issues (Environment--current issues) [time series]

deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; recent droughts affecting agriculture

International environmental agreements (Environment--international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

8 00 N, 1 10 E

Irrigated land [time series]

70 sq km (1993 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 38% permanent crops: 7% permanent pastures: 4% forests and woodland: 17% other: 34% (1993 est.)

Location [time series]

Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 30 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts

Natural resources [time series]

phosphates, limestone, marble

Terrain [time series]

gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

5 regions (regions, singular--region); De La Kara, Des Plateaux, Des Savanes, Du Centre, Maritime

Capital [time series]

Lome

Constitution [time series]

multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togo

Data code [time series]

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Brenda Brown SCHOONOVER embassy: Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Akosita FINEANGANOFO chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967) head of government: Prime Minister Kwassi KLUTSE (since August 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1998 (next to be held NA 2003); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote--Gnassingbe EYADEMA 52.13%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Government type [time series]

republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Independence [time series]

27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

International organization participation [time series]

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MINURCA, MINURSO, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Legal system [time series]

French-based court system

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 6 and 20 February 1994 (next to be held NA February 1999) election results: percent of vote by party--NA; seats by party--CAR 36, RPT 35, UTD 7, UJD 2, CFN 1 note: as a result of defections from the CAR to the RPT and the merging of the UJD with the RPT, representation in the National Assembly in August 1997 was RPT 42, CAR 32, UTD 5, CFN 1, independent 1

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Rally of the Togolese People or FOLLY]; Pan-African Sociodemocrats Group or GSP, an alliance of note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991

Suffrage [time series]

NA years of age; universal adult

Military

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie

Military expenditures - dollar figure (Military expenditures--dollar figure) [time series]

$27 million (1996)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures--percent of GDP) [time series]

2% (1996)

Military manpower - availability (Military manpower--availability) [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,102,453 (1999 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service (Military manpower--fit for military service) [time series]

males age 15-49: 578,109 (1999 est.)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 48% (male 1,229,026; female 1,218,956) 15-64 years: 50% (male 1,223,371; female 1,299,519) 65 years and over: 2% (male 49,890; female 60,651) (1999 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

44.78 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Death rate [time series]

9.69 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

77.55 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)

Languages [time series]

French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 59.25 years male: 56.93 years female: 61.64 years (1999 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 51.7% male: 67% female: 37% (1995 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Population [time series]

5,081,413 (July 1999 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

3.51% (1999 est.)

Religions [time series]

indigenous beliefs 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

6.53 children born/woman (1999 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international (Disputes--international) [time series]

none

Illicit drugs [time series]

transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers

Transportation

Airports [time series]

9 (1998 est.)

Airports - with paved runways (Airports--with paved runways) [time series]

total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (1998 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways (Airports--with unpaved runways) [time series]

total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (1998 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1996 est.)

Merchant marine [time series]

none

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

Kpeme, Lome

Railways [time series]

total: 525 km (1995) narrow gauge: 525 km 1.000-m gauge

Waterways [time series]

50 km Mono river