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Communications

Internet users (Internet Service Providers (ISPs)) [time series]

3 (2000)

Internet country code [time series]

.tg

Internet users [time series]

10,000 (2000)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)

Radios [time series]

940,000 (1997)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

25,000 (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

2,995 (1997)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)

Televisions [time series]

73,000 (1997)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: $232 million expenditures: $252 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Exchange rates (Currency code) [time series]

XOF

Debt - external [time series]

$1.5 billion (1999)

Economic aid (Economic aid - recipient) [time series]

$201.1 million (1995)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Together, cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate some 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most significant cash crop despite falling prices on the world market. In the industrial sector, phosphate mining is by far the most important activity. Togo is the world's fourth largest producer, and geological advantages keep production costs low. The recently privatized mining operation, Office Togolais des Phosphates (OTP), is slowly recovering from a steep fall in prices in the early 1990's, but continues to face the challenge of tough foreign competition, exacerbated by weakening demand. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. It continues to expand its duty-free export-processing zone (EPZ), launched in 1989, which has attracted enterprises from France, Italy, Scandinavia, the US, India, and China and created jobs for Togolese nationals. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress towards legislative elections, and possible downsizing of the military, on which the regime has depended to stay in place. Lack of foreign aid, deterioration of the financial sector, energy shortages, and depressed commodity prices continue to constrain economic growth; however, Togo did realize a 3% gain in GDP in 1999. The takeover of the national power company by a Franco-Canadian consortium in 2000 should ease the energy crisis and if successful legislative elections pave the way for increased aid, growth should rise to 5% a year in 2001-02.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

511.6 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports [time series]

426 million kWh note: electricity supplied by Ghana (1999)

Electricity - production [time series]

92 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source [time series]

fossil fuel: 97.83% hydro: 2.17% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999)

Exchange rates [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro

Exports [time series]

$336 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Exports - commodities [time series]

cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa

Exports - partners [time series]

Nigeria, Brazil, Canada, Philippines (1999)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $7.3 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 42% industry: 21% services: 37% (1997)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2000 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

3.4% (2000 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports [time series]

$452 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products

Imports - partners [time series]

Ghana, China, France, Cote d'Ivoire (1999)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

NA%

Industries [time series]

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

2.5% (2000 est.)

Labor force [time series]

1.74 million (1996)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

32% (1989 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 56,785 sq km land: 54,385 sq km water: 2,400 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate [time series]

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Coastline [time series]

56 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Agou 986 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

8 00 N, 1 10 E

Irrigated land [time series]

70 sq km (1993 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 38% permanent crops: 7% permanent pastures: 4% forests and woodland: 17% other: 34% (1993 est.)

Location [time series]

Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 30 NM

Natural hazards [time series]

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts

Natural resources [time series]

phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land

Terrain [time series]

gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

5 regions (regions, singular - region); De La Kara, Des Plateaux, Des Savanes, Du Centre, Maritime

Capital [time series]

Lome

Constitution [time series]

multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togoland

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Karl HOFMANN embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 21 29 91 through 21 29 94

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelov BODJONA chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967) head of government: Prime Minister Agbeyome KODJO (since 29 August 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1998 (next to be held NA 2003); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 52.13%, Gilchrist OLYMPIO 34.12%, other 13.75%

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[1] (202) 232-3190

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[228] 21 79 52

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Government type [time series]

republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Independence [time series]

27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

International organization participation [time series]

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Legal system [time series]

French-based court system

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 21 March 1999 (next due to be held NA October 2001) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 79, independents 2 note: Togo's main opposition parties boycotted the election because of EYADEMA's alleged manipulation of 1998 presidential polling; in March of 1999, opposition parties entered into negotiations with the president over the establishment of an independent electoral commission and a new round of legislative elections, now scheduled for October 2001

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles or CFN [Joseph KOFFIGOH]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Leopold GNININVI]; Party for Democracy and Renewal or PDR [Zarifou AYEVA]; Patriotic Pan-African Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile), Jeane-Pierre FABRE, general secretary in Togo]; Union of Independent Liberals or ULI [Jacques AMOUZO] note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

NA years of age; universal adult

Introduction

Background [time series]

French Togoland became Togo in 1960. General Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections that resulted in EYADEMA's victory in 1993, the government continues to be dominated by the military. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. Most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen.

Military

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

$27 million (FY96)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

2% (FY96)

Military manpower - availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,175,528 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service [time series]

males age 15-49: 616,622 (2001 est.)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 45.63% (male 1,179,650; female 1,171,748) 15-64 years: 51.92% (male 1,302,197; female 1,373,247) 65 years and over: 2.45% (male 54,651; female 71,595) (2001 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

37.04 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate [time series]

11.24 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

5.98% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

14,000 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

130,000 (1999 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

70.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Languages [time series]

French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 54.35 years male: 52.38 years female: 56.38 years (2001 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 51.7% male: 67% female: 37% (1995 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese

Net migration rate [time series]

0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Population [time series]

5,153,088 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.6% (2001 est.)

Religions [time series]

indigenous beliefs 59%, Christian 29%, Muslim 12%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

5.32 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

none

Illicit drugs [time series]

transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers

Transportation

Airports [time series]

9 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1996)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,603 GRT/2,800 DWT ships by type: specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

Kpeme, Lome

Railways [time series]

total: 525 km (1995) narrow gauge: 525 km 1.000-m gauge

Waterways [time series]

50 km (Mono river)