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Communications

Internet country code [time series]

.tg

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

520 (2006)

Internet users [time series]

300,000 (2005)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system international: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

58,600 (2005)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

443,600 (2005)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: $251.3 million expenditures: $292.9 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency (code)) [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Current account balance [time series]

$-199 million (2005 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$2 billion (2005)

Economic aid (Economic aid - recipient) [time series]

ODA, $80 million (2000 est.)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

This small, sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is the world's fourth-largest producer of phosphate. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on follow-through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors. Togo is working with donors to write a PRGF that could eventually lead to a debt reduction plan.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

654.3 million kWh (2003)

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2003)

Electricity - imports [time series]

500 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2003)

Electricity - production [time series]

165.9 million kWh (2003)

Exchange rates [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001)

Exports [time series]

$768 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa

Exports - partners [time series]

Ghana 21.1%, Burkina Faso 18.2%, Benin 11.5%, Mali 7.3%, India 5.8%, Nigeria 4% (2005)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$1.999 billion (2005 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$8.802 billion (2005 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 39.5% industry: 20.4% services: 40.1% (2003 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$1,600 (2005 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

1% (2005 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports [time series]

$1.047 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products

Imports - partners [time series]

France 17.8%, China 13.3%, Cote d'Ivoire 6.5%, Italy 4.5%, Spain 4.3% (2005)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

NA%

Industries [time series]

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

6% (2005 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

21.6% of GDP (2005 est.)

Labor force [time series]

1.302 million (1998)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 65% industry: 5% services: 30% (1998 est.)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2003 est.)

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2003 est.)

Oil - consumption [time series]

8,500 bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - exports [time series]

NA bbl/day

Oil - imports [time series]

NA bbl/day

Oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2003 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

32% (1989 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$318 million (2005 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 56,785 sq km land: 54,385 sq km water: 2,400 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate [time series]

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Coastline [time series]

56 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Agou 986 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

8 00 N, 1 10 E

Geography - note [time series]

the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna

Irrigated land [time series]

70 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 44.2% permanent crops: 2.11% other: 53.69% (2005)

Location [time series]

Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 30 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts

Natural resources [time series]

phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land

Terrain [time series]

gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

5 regions (regions, singular - region); Centrale, Kara, Maritime, Plateaux, Savanes

Capital [time series]

name: Lome geographic coordinates: 6 08 N, 1 13 E time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique togolaise local short form: none former: French Togoland

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Gregory ENGLE embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94 FAX: [228] 221 79 52

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 6 February 2005); note - Gnassingbe EYADEMA died on 5 February 2005 and was succeeded by his son, Faure GNASSINGBE; popular elections in April 2005 validated the succession head of government: Prime Minister Yawovi AGBOYIBO (since 16 September 2006) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held NA); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Faure GNASSINGBE elected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE 60.2%, Emmanuel Akitani BOB 38.3%, Nicolas LAWSON 1%, Harry OLYMPIO 0.5%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Government type [time series]

republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Independence [time series]

27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

International organization participation [time series]

ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Legal system [time series]

French-based court system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next to be held in 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 72, RSDD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1 note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change and the Action Committee for Renewal

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harry OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [Faure GNASSINGBE]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

NA years of age; universal adult

Introduction

Background [time series]

French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, continued to rule well into the 21st century. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continued to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. While most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen, the EU initiated a partial resumption of cooperation and development aid to Togo in late 2004 based upon commitments by Togo to expand opportunities for political opposition and liberalize portions of the economy. Upon his death in February 2005, President EYADEMA was succeeded by his son Faure GNASSINGBE. The succession, supported by the military and in contravention of the nation's constitution, was challenged by popular protest and a threat of sanctions from regional leaders. GNASSINGBE succumbed to pressure and in April 2005 held elections that legitimized his succession.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 18-49: 1,102,661 females age 18-49: 1,124,463 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 18-49: 696,933 females age 18-49: 707,821 (2005 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Togolese Armed Forces (FAT): Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie (2005)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

1.6% (2005 est.)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service (2001)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 42.3% (male 1,177,141/female 1,169,321) 15-64 years: 55.1% (male 1,485,621/female 1,570,117) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 59,870/female 86,632) (2006 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

37.01 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate [time series]

9.83 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

4.1% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

10,000 (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

110,000 (2003 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 60.63 deaths/1,000 live births male: 68.17 deaths/1,000 live births female: 52.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Languages [time series]

French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 57.42 years male: 55.41 years female: 59.49 years (2006 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 60.9% male: 75.4% female: 46.9% (2003 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2005)

Median age [time series]

total: 18.3 years male: 17.8 years female: 18.7 years (2006 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Population [time series]

5,548,702 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.72% (2006 est.)

Religions [time series]

indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.96 children born/woman (2006 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

in 2001 Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary

Illicit drugs [time series]

transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem

Trafficking in persons [time series]

current situation: Togo is a source, transit, and destination country for children, women, and men trafficked for forced labor and sexual exploitation; the majority of victims are children, and trafficking within the country is more prevalent than international trafficking; children are trafficked to work as domestic servants, produce porters, roadside sellers, agricultural laborers, and for sexual exploitation; Togolese women may be trafficked to Europe for forced labor and sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Togo is placed on the Tier 2 Watch List for failure to show evidence of increased efforts to combat trafficking over the past year, particularly in the areas of prosecution and protection

Transportation

Airports [time series]

9 (2006)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2006)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2006)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 2 ships (1000 GRT or over) 3,918 GRT/3,852 DWT by type: cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 (2006)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Kpeme, Lome

Railways [time series]

total: 568 km narrow gauge: 568 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)

Roadways [time series]

total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1999)

Waterways [time series]

50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2005)