View Intelligence Dossier Back to 2004 CSV Excel Print All Years

Communications

Internet country code [time series]

.tg

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

82 (2003)

Internet users [time series]

210,000 (2003)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones international: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

60,600 (2003)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

220,000 (2003)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: $214.5 million expenditures: $296.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Exchange rates (Currency code) [time series]

XOF

Current account balance [time series]

$-140 million (2003)

Debt - external [time series]

$1.4 billion (2000)

Economic aid (Economic aid - recipient) [time series]

ODA $80 million (2000 est.)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is the world's fourth-largest producer of phosphate, but production fell an estimated 22% in 2002 due to power shortages and the cost of developing new deposits. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

614.5 million kWh (2001)

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2001)

Electricity - imports [time series]

520 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2001)

Electricity - production [time series]

101.6 million kWh (2001)

Exchange rates [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999)

Exports [time series]

$398.1 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa

Exports - partners [time series]

Burkina Faso 16.6%, Ghana 15.4%, Netherlands 13%, Benin 9.6%, Mali 7.7% (2003)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $8.257 billion (2003 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 39.5% industry: 20.4% services: 40.1% (2003 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2003 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

3.3% (2003 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA

Imports [time series]

$501.3 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products

Imports - partners [time series]

France 21.1%, Netherlands 12.1%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.9%, Germany 4.6%, Italy 4.4%, South Africa 4.3%, China 4.1% (2003)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

Industries [time series]

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

-1% (2003 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

18.4% of GDP (2003)

Labor force [time series]

1.74 million (1996)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)

Oil - consumption [time series]

10,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - exports [time series]

NA (2001)

Oil - imports [time series]

NA (2001)

Oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

32% (1989 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold (Reserves of foreign exchange & gold) [time series]

$257 million (2003)

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA (2003 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 56,785 sq km land: 54,385 sq km water: 2,400 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate [time series]

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Coastline [time series]

56 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Agou 986 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

8 00 N, 1 10 E

Geography - note [time series]

the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna

Irrigated land [time series]

70 sq km (1998 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 46.15% permanent crops: 2.21% other: 51.64% (2001)

Location [time series]

Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 30 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts

Natural resources [time series]

phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land

Terrain [time series]

gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

5 regions (regions, singular - region); Kara, Plateaux, Savanes, Centrale, Maritime

Capital [time series]

Lome

Constitution [time series]

multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togoland

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Gregory ENGLE embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94 FAX: [228] 221 79 52

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 6 February 2005); note - Gnassingbe EYADEMA died on 5 February 2005 and was succeeded by his son, Faure GNASSINGBE, who will be allowed to complete his father's term head of government: Prime Minister Koffi SAMA (since 29 June 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 1 June 2003 (next to be held NA June 2008); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 57.2%, Emmanuel Akitani BOB 34.1%, Yawovi AGBOYIBO 5.2%, Maurice Dahuku PERE 2.3%, Edem KODJO 1.0%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Government type [time series]

republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Independence [time series]

27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

International organization participation [time series]

ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Legal system [time series]

French-based court system

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPT 72, RSDD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1 note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change, and the Action Committee for Renewal

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP [leader NA]; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harryy OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU] note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

NA years of age; universal adult

Introduction

Background [time series]

French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continues to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. While most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen, the European Union initiated a partial resumption of cooperation and development aid to Togo in late 2004.

Military

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

$32.6 million (2003)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

1.9% (2003)

Military manpower - availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,316,455 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service [time series]

males age 15-49: 690,331 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - military age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service (2001)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 43.9% (male 1,222,622; female 1,214,443) 15-64 years: 53.6% (male 1,455,373; female 1,522,456) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 59,165; female 82,753) (2004 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

34.36 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)

Death rate [time series]

11.64 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

4.1% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

10,000 (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

110,000 (2003 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 67.66 deaths/1,000 live births male: 75.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 59.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)

Languages [time series]

French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 53.05 years male: 51.07 years female: 55.09 years (2004 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 60.9% male: 75.4% female: 46.9% (2003 est.)

Median age [time series]

total: 17.6 years male: 17.2 years female: 17.9 years (2004 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)

Population [time series]

5,556,812 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.27% (2004 est.)

Religions [time series]

indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.79 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

in 2001 Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary

Illicit drugs [time series]

transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem

Transportation

Airports [time series]

9 (2003 est.)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2004 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1999 est.)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 3,918 GRT/3,852 DWT by type: cargo 1, specialized tanker 1 registered in other countries: 1 (2004 est.)

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

Kpeme, Lome

Railways [time series]

total: 568 km narrow gauge: 568 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)

Waterways [time series]

50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2003)