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Communications

Airports [time series]

9 total, 9 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; none with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air [time series]

3 major transport aircraft

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

6,462 km total; 1,762 km paved; 4,700 km unimproved roads

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

50 km Mono River

Merchant marine [time series]

3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,975 GRT/34,022 DWT; includes 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 multifunction large-load carrier

Ports [time series]

Lome, Kpeme (phosphate port)

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

515 km 1.000-meter gauge, single track

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

fair system based on network of radio relay routes supplemented by open wire lines; broadcast stations - 2 AM, no FM, 3 (2 relays) TV; satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $43 million, about 3% of GDP (1989)

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, 828,259; 435,113 fit for military service; no conscription

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops - yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock production not significant; annual fish catch, 10,000-14,000 tons

Budget [time series]

revenues $330 million; expenditures $363 million, including capital expenditures of $101 million (1990 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural - francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Economic aid [time series]

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $132 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.9 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $51 million

Electricity [time series]

179,000 kW capacity; 209 million kWh produced, 60 kWh per capita (1990)

Exchange rates [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 281.99 (March 1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987)

Exports [time series]

$396 million (f.o.b., 1990) commodities: phosphates, cocoa, coffee, cotton, manufactures, palm kernels partners: EC 70%, Africa 9%, US 2%, other 19% (1985)

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$1.3 billion (1990 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $1.5 billion, per capita $400; real growth rate 2% (1990 est.)

Imports [time series]

$502 million (f.o.b., 1990) commodities: food, fuels, durable consumer goods, other intermediate goods, capital goods partners: EC 61%, US 6%, Africa 4%, Japan 4%, other 25% (1989)

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 4.9% (1987 est.); 6% of GDP

Industries [time series]

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

1.0% (1990)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 35% of GDP and provides employment for 78% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together account for about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, with phosphate exports accounting for about 40% of total foreign exchange earnings. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government, over the past decade, with IMF and World Bank support, has been implementing a number of economic reform measures, that is, actively encouraging foreign investment and attempting to bring revenues in line with expenditures. Political unrest throughout 1991, however, has jeopardized the reform program and has disrupted vital economic activity.

Unemployment rate [time series]

2.0% (1987)

Geography

Climate [time series]

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Coastline [time series]

56 km

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Disputes - international (Disputes) [time series]

none

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; recent droughts affecting agriculture; deforestation

Area (Land area) [time series]

54,390 km2

Land boundaries [time series]

1,647 km total; Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Land use [time series]

arable land 25%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 4%; forest and woodland 28%; other 42%; includes irrigated NEGL%

Maritime claims [time series]

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm Territorial sea: 30 nm

Natural resources [time series]

phosphates, limestone, marble

Terrain [time series]

gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Area (Total area) [time series]

56,790 km2

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

21 circumscriptions (circonscriptions, singular - circonscription); Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari), Dapango (Tone), Kande (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Pagouda (Binah), Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse (Haho), Pagouda, Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Nyala, Tchaoudjo, Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo); note - the 21 units may now be called prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture) and reported name changes for individual units are included in parentheses

Capital [time series]

Lome

Constitution [time series]

1980 constitution nullified during national reform conference; transition constitution adopted 24 August 1991; multiparty draft constitution sent to High Council of the Republic for approval in November 1991, scheduled to be put to public referendum in NA 1992

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

Ambassador Ellom-Kodjo SCHUPPIUS; Chancery at 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; telephone (202) 234-4212 or 4213 US: Ambassador Harmon E. KIRBY; Embassy at Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome (mailing address is B. P. 852, Lome); telephone [228] 21-29-91 through 94 and 21-77-17; FAX [228] 21-79-52

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

President: last held 21 December 1986 (next to be held NA 1992); results - Gen. EYADEMA was reelected without opposition National Assembly: last held 4 March 1990; dissolved during national reform conference (next to be held April/May 1992); results - RPT was the only party; seats - (77 total) RPT 77

Executive branch [time series]

president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Flag [time series]

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Independence [time series]

27 April 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration, formerly French Togo)

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967) Head of Government: interim Prime Minister Joseph Kokou KOFFIGOH (since 28 August 1991)

Legal system [time series]

French-based court system

Legislative branch [time series]

National Assembly dissolved during national reform conference; 79-member interim High Council for the Republic (HCR) formed to act as legislature during transition to multiparty democracy; legislative elections scheduled to be held in NA

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

Republic of Togo

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day 27 April (1960)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) led by President EYADEMA was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991; more than 10 parties formed as of mid-May, though none yet legally registered; a national conference to determine transition regime took place 10 July-28 August 1991

Suffrage [time series]

universal adult at age NA

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic; under transition to multiparty democratic rule

People

Birth rate [time series]

48 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate [time series]

12 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye; under 1% European and Syrian-Lebanese

Infant mortality rate [time series]

94 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

Labor force [time series]

NA; agriculture 78%, industry 22%; about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors; 50% of population of working age (1985)

Languages [time series]

French, both official and language of commerce; major African languages are Ewe and Mina in the south and Dagomba and Kabye in the north

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

54 years male, 58 years female (1992)

Literacy [time series]

43% (male 56%, female 31%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun - Togolese (singular and plural); adjective - Togolese

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)

Organized labor [time series]

Federation of Togolese Workers (CNTT) was only legal labor union until Spring 1991; at least two more groups established since then: Labor Federation of Togolese Workers (CSTT) and the National Union of Independent Syndicates (UNSIT), each with 10-12 member unions; four other civil service unions have formed a loose coalition known as the Autonomous Syndicates of Togo (CTSA)

Population [time series]

3,958,863 (July 1992), growth rate 3.6% (1992)

Religions [time series]

indigenous beliefs about 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10%

Total fertility rate [time series]

7.0 children born/woman (1992)