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Communications

Airports [time series]

9 total, 9 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m none with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air [time series]

3 major transport aircraft

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

6,462 km total; 1,762 km paved; 4,700 km unimproved roads

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

none

Merchant marine [time series]

7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 38,906 GRT/70,483 DWT; includes 4 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 multifunction large-load carrier

Ports [time series]

Lome, Kpeme (phosphate port)

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

515 km 1.000-meter gauge, single track

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

fair system based on network of open-wire lines supplemented by radio relay routes; 12,000 telephones; stations--2 AM, no FM, 3 (2 relays) TV; earth stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$44 million, 3.7% of GDP (1987)

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, 799,597; 420,092 fit for military service; no conscription

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

cash crops--coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops--yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock production not significant; annual fish catch, 10,000-14,000 tons

Budget [time series]

revenues $330 million; expenditures $363 million, including capital expenditures of $101 million (1990 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Economic aid [time series]

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $132 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $1.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $51 million

Electricity [time series]

179,000 kW capacity; 209 million kWh produced, 60 kWh per capita (1990)

Exchange rates [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Exports [time series]

$331 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--phosphates, cocoa, coffee, cotton, manufactures, palm kernels; partners--EC 70%, Africa 9%, US 2%, other 19% (1985)

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$1.3 billion (1990 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

$1.4 billion, per capita $395; real growth rate 3.6% (1989 est.)

Imports [time series]

$344 million (f.o.b., 1989); commodities--food, fuels, durable consumer goods, other intermediate goods, capital goods; partners--EC 61%, US 6%, Africa 4%, Japan 4%, other 25% (1989)

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 4.9% (1987 est.); 6% of GDP

Industries [time series]

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

- 1.2% (1989)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 35% of GDP and provides employment for 78% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together account for about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, with phosphate exports accounting for about 40% of total foreign exchange earnings. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government actively encourages foreign investment.

Unemployment rate [time series]

2.0% (1987)

Geography

Climate [time series]

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Coastline [time series]

56 km Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm; Territorial sea: 30 nm

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; recent droughts affecting agriculture; deforestation

Land boundaries [time series]

1,647 km total; Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Land use [time series]

arable land 25%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 4%; forest and woodland 28%; other 42%; includes irrigated NEGL%

Natural resources [time series]

phosphates, limestone, marble

Terrain [time series]

gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Area (Total area) [time series]

56,790 km2; land area: 54,390 km2

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

21 circumscriptions (circonscriptions, singular--circonscription); Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari), Dapaong (Tone), Kante (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Kpagouda (Binah), Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse (Haho), Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Tchaoudjo, Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo); note--the 21 units may now be called prefectures (prefectures, singular--prefecture) and reported name changes for individual units are included in parentheses

Capital [time series]

Lome

Political parties (Communists) [time series]

no Communist party

Constitution [time series]

30 December 1979, effective 13 January 1980

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

Ambassador Ellom-Kodjo SCHUPPIUS; Chancery at 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 234-4212 or 4213; US--Ambassador Harmon E. KIRBY; Embassy at Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome (mailing address is B. P. 852, Lome); telephone [228] 21-29-91 through 94 and 21-77-17

Executive branch [time series]

president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Flag [time series]

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Independence [time series]

27 April 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration, formerly French Togo)

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme) Chief of State--President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967); Head of Government--interim Prime Minister Kokou KOFFIGOH (since 28 August 1991)

Legal system [time series]

French-based court system

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

Republic of Togo

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

National holiday [time series]

Liberation Day (anniversary of coup), 13 January (1967)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) led by President EYADEMA was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991; more than 10 parties formed as of mid-May, though none yet legally registered; a national conference to determine transition regime took place 10-20 June 1991

Suffrage [time series]

universal adult at age NA President--last held 21 December 1986 (next to be held December 1993); results--Gen. EYADEMA was reelected without opposition; National Assembly--last held 4 March 1990 (next to be held 14 June 1992); results--RPT was the only party; seats--(77 total) RPT 77

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic; one-party presidential regime

People

Birth rate [time series]

49 births/1,000 population (1991)

Death rate [time series]

13 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye; under 1% European and Syrian-Lebanese

Infant mortality rate [time series]

110 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

Labor force [time series]

NA; agriculture 78%, industry 22%; about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors; 50% of population of working age (1985)

Languages (Language) [time series]

French, both official and language of commerce; major African languages are Ewe and Mina in the south and Dagomba and Kabye in the north

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

54 years male, 58 years female (1991)

Literacy [time series]

43% (male 56%, female 31%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun--Togolese (sing. and pl.); adjective--Togolese

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

Organized labor [time series]

one national union, the National Federation of Togolese Workers

Population [time series]

3,810,616 (July 1991), growth rate 3.6% (1991)

Religions (Religion) [time series]

indigenous beliefs about 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10%

Total fertility rate [time series]

7.1 children born/woman (1991)