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Communications

Broadcast media (Radio) [time series]

broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 radios: NA

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

230,000 telephones; highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables; nationwide mobile phone system local: NA intercity: buried cable international: 3 channels leased on TAT-6 coaxial submarine cable

Broadcast media (Television) [time series]

broadcast stations: 3 and 1 direct-broadcast satellite link televisions: NA

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, National Gendarmerie

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $129 million, 1.2% of GDP (1994) MACAU (overseas territory of Portugal)

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 103,990; males fit for military service 85,912; males reach military age (19) annually 2,190 (1995 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for less than 3% of GDP (including forestry); principal products - barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits, wine grapes; cattle raising widespread

Budget [time series]

revenues: $4 billion expenditures: $4.05 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 Luxembourg franc (LuxF) = 100 centimes

Economic aid [time series]

none

Electricity [time series]

capacity: 1,238,750 kW production: 1.374 billion kWh consumption per capita: 3,395 kWh (1993)

Exchange rates [time series]

Luxembourg francs (LuxF) per US$1 - 31.549 (January 1995), 33,456 (1994), 34.597 (1993), 32.150 (1992), 34.148 (1991), 33.418 (1990); note - the Luxembourg franc is at par with the Belgian franc, which circulates freely in Luxembourg

Exports [time series]

$6.4 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.) commodities: finished steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass, aluminum, other industrial products partners: EC 76%, US 5%

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$800 million (1994 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Imports [time series]

$8.3 billion (c.i.f., 1991 est.) commodities: minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods partners: Belgium 37%, Germany 31%, France 12%, US 2%

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate -0.5% (1990); accounts for 25% of GDP

Industries [time series]

banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

3.6% (1992)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - purchasing power parity - $9.2 billion (1994 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$22,830 (1994 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

2.6% (1994 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

The stable, prosperous economy features moderate growth, low inflation, and negligible unemployment. Agriculture is based on small but highly productive family-owned farms. The industrial sector, until recently dominated by steel, has become increasingly more diversified, particularly toward high-technology firms. During the past decade, growth in the financial sector has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Services, especially banking, account for a growing proportion of the economy. Luxembourg participates in an economic union with Belgium on trade and most financial matters, is also closely connected economically to the Netherlands, and as a member of the 15-member European Union enjoys the advantages of the open European market.

Unemployment rate [time series]

2.4% (1994)

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 2,586 sq km land area: 2,586 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Rhode Island

Climate [time series]

modified continental with mild winters, cool summers

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

current issues: deforestation; air and water pollution in urban areas natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

none

Irrigated land [time series]

NA sq km

Land boundaries [time series]

total 359 km, Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 24% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 20% forest and woodland: 21% other: 34%

Location [time series]

Western Europe, between France and Germany

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

none; landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

iron ore (no longer exploited)

Note [time series]

landlocked

Terrain [time series]

mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle floodplain in the southeast

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg

Capital [time series]

Luxembourg

Legislative branch (Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Deputes)) [time series]

elections last held on 12 June 1994 (next to be held by June 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) CSV 21, LSAP 17, DP 12, Action Committee for Democracy and Pension Rights 5, Greens 5 note: the Council of State (Conseil d'Etat) is an advisory body whose views are considered by the Chamber of Deputies

Constitution [time series]

17 October 1868, occasional revisions

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Alphonse BERNS chancery: 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-4171

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: Grand Duke JEAN (since 12 November 1964); Heir Apparent Prince HENRI (son of Grand Duke JEAN, born 16 April 1955) head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude JUNKER (since 1 January 1994); Vice Prime Minister Jacques F. POOS (since 21 July 1984) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the sovereign

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[1] (202) 328-8270 consulate(s) general: New York and San Francisco

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[352] 46 14 01

Flag [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France

Independence [time series]

1839

Judicial branch [time series]

Superior Court of Justice (Cour Superieure de Justice)

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACCT, Australia Group, Benelux, CCC, CE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg conventional short form: Luxembourg local long form: Grand-Duche de Luxembourg local short form: Luxembourg

National holiday [time series]

National Day, 23 June (1921) (public celebration of the Grand Duke's birthday)

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

group of steel companies representing iron and steel industry; Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural producers; Christian and Socialist labor unions; Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Christian Social People's Party (CSV), Erna HENNICOT-SCHOEPGES; Socialist Workers Party (LSAP), Ben FAYOT; Democratic Party (DP), Henri GRETHEN; Action Committee for Democracy and Pension Rights, Roby MEHLEN; other minor parties

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Government type (Type) [time series]

constitutional monarchy

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Clay CONSTANTINOU embassy: 22 Boulevard Emmanuel-Servais, 2535 Luxembourg City mailing address: PSC 11, Luxembourg City; APO AE 09132-5380 telephone: [352] 46 01 23

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 18% (female 35,372; male 36,645) 15-64 years: 68% (female 136,960; male 137,792) 65 years and over: 14% (female 35,774; male 22,117) (July 1995 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

12.61 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Death rate [time series]

9.42 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Celtic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese, Italian, and European (guest and worker residents)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

6.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)

Labor force [time series]

177,300 (one-third of labor force is foreign workers, mostly from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and Germany) by occupation: services 65%, industry 31.6%, agriculture 3.4% (1988)

Languages [time series]

Luxembourgisch, German, French, English

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 76.95 years male: 73.31 years female: 80.75 years (1995 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.) total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Luxembourger(s) adjective: Luxembourg

Net migration rate [time series]

2.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Population [time series]

404,660 (July 1995 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

0.57% (1995 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant and Jewish 3%

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.65 children born/woman (1995 est.)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

total: 2 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 5,108 km paved: 5,062 km (95 km of limited access divided highway) unpaved: 46 km (1992)

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

37 km; Moselle River

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 45 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,129,466 GRT/1,790,988 DWT ships by type: bulk 6, cargo 2, chemical tanker 4, combination bulk 6, container 2, liquefied gas tanker 8, oil tanker 7, passenger 2, refrigerated cargo 6, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2

Pipelines [time series]

petroleum products 48 km

Ports [time series]

Mertert

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

total: 271 km standard gauge: 271 km 1.435-m gauge (243 km electrified; 178 km double track) (1994)