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Communications

Airports [time series]

2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways less than 1,220 m

Civil air [time series]

13 major transport aircraft

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

5,108 km total; 4,995 km paved, 57 km gravel, 56 km earth; about 80 km limited access divided highway

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

37 km; Moselle River

Merchant marine [time series]

1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,731 GRT/2,460 DWT

Pipelines [time series]

refined products, 48 km

Ports [time series]

Mertert (river port)

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

Luxembourg National Railways (CFL) operates 270 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 162 km double track; 162 km electrified

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

adequate and efficient system, mainly buried cables; 230,000 telephones; stations--2 AM, 4 FM, 6 TV; 2 communication satellite earth stations operating in EUTELSAT and domestic systems

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, National Gendarmerie

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$90 million, 1.2% of GDP (1990)

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, 100,476; 83,724 fit for military service; 2,297 reach military age (19) annually

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for less than 3% of GDP (including forestry); principal products--barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits, wine grapes; cattle raising widespread

Budget [time series]

revenues $2.5 billion; expenditures $2.3 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1988)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Luxembourg franc (plural--francs); 1 Luxembourg franc (LuxF) = 100 centimes

Economic aid [time series]

none

Electricity [time series]

1,500,000 kW capacity; 1,163 million kWh produced, 3,170 kWh per capita (1989)

Exchange rates [time series]

Luxembourg francs (LuxF) per US$1--31.102 (January 1991), 33.418 (1990), 39.404 (1989), 36.768 (1988), 37.334 (1987), 44.672 (1986), 59.378 (1985); note--the Luxembourg franc is at par with the Belgian franc, which circulates freely in Luxembourg

Exports [time series]

$5.4 billion (f.o.b., 1989); commodities--finished steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass, aluminum, other industrial products; partners--EC 75%, US 5%

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$131.6 million (1989 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

$6.9 billion, per capita $18,000; real growth rate 2.5% (1990)

Imports [time series]

$6.2 billion (c.i.f., 1989 est.); commodities--minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods; partners--Belgium 37%, FRG 31%, France 12%, US 2%

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate - 1% (1990 est.); accounts for 25% of GDP

Industries [time series]

banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

3.5% (1990 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

The stable economy features moderate growth, low inflation, and negligible unemployment. Agriculture is based on small but highly productive family-owned farms. The industrial sector, until recently dominated by steel, has become increasingly more diversified, particularly toward high-technology firms. During the past decade, growth in the financial sector has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Services, especially banking, account for a growing proportion of the economy. Luxembourg participates in an economic union with Belgium on trade and most financial matters and is also closely connected economically to the Netherlands.

Unemployment rate [time series]

1.3% (1990 est.)

Geography

Climate [time series]

modified continental with mild winters, cool summers

Coastline [time series]

none--landlocked

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly smaller than Rhode Island

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

deforestation

Land boundaries [time series]

359 km total; Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km

Land use [time series]

arable land 24%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 20%; forest and woodland 21%; other 34%

Maritime claims [time series]

none--landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

iron ore (no longer exploited)

Note [time series]

landlocked

Terrain [time series]

mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle floodplain in the southeast

Area (Total area) [time series]

2,586 km2; land area: 2,586 km2

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg

Capital [time series]

Luxembourg

Political parties (Communists) [time series]

500 party members (1982)

Constitution [time series]

17 October 1868, occasional revisions

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

Ambassador Andre PHILIPPE; Chancery at 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 265-4171; there are Luxembourg Consulates General in New York and San Francisco; US--Ambassador Edward M. ROWELL; Embassy at 22 Boulevard Emmanuel-Servais, 2535 Luxembourg City (mailing address is APO New York 09132); telephone [352] 460123

Executive branch [time series]

grand duke, prime minister, vice prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Flag [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France

Independence [time series]

1839

Judicial branch [time series]

Superior Court of Justice (Cour Superieure de Justice) Chief of State--Grand Duke JEAN (since 12 November 1964); Heir Apparent Prince HENRI (son of Grand Duke Jean, born 16 April 1955); Head of Government--Prime Minister Jacques SANTER (since 21 July 1984); Vice Prime Minister Jacques F. POOS (since 21 July 1984) Christian Social Party (CSV), Jacques SANTER; Socialist Workers Party (LSAP), Jacques POOS; Liberal (DP), Colette FLESCH; Communist (KPL), Andre HOFFMANN; Green Alternative (GAP), Jean HUSS

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Deputes); note--the Council of State (Conseil d'Etat) is an advisory body whose views are considered by the Chamber of Deputies

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACCT, Benelux, CCC, CE, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, EMS, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LORCS, NATO, NEA, OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

National holiday [time series]

National Day (public celebration of the Grand Duke's birthday), 23 June (1921)

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

group of steel industries representing iron and steel industry, Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural producers; Christian and Socialist labor unions; Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation

Suffrage [time series]

universal and compulsory at age 18 Chamber of Deputies--last held on 18 June 1989 (next to be held by June 1994); results--CSV 31.7%, LSAP 27.2%, DP 16.2%, Greens 8.4%, PAC 7.3%, KPL 5.1%, other 4.1%; seats--(60 total) CSV 22, LSAP 18, DP 11, Greens 4, PAC 4, KPL 1

Government type (Type) [time series]

constitutional monarchy

People

Birth rate [time series]

12 births/1,000 population (1991)

Death rate [time series]

10 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Celtic base, with French and German blend; also guest and worker residents from Portugal, Italy, and European countries

Infant mortality rate [time series]

7 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

Labor force [time series]

169,600; one-third of labor force is foreign workers, mostly from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and FRG; services 50%, industry 23.2%, government 14.4%, construction 9%, agriculture 3.4% (1987)

Languages (Language) [time series]

Luxembourgish, German, French; many also speak English

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

73 years male, 80 years female (1991)

Literacy [time series]

100% (male 100%, female 100%) age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun--Luxembourger(s); adjective--Luxembourg

Net migration rate [time series]

8 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

Organized labor [time series]

100,000 (est.) members of four confederated trade unions

Population [time series]

388,017 (July 1991), growth rate 1.1% (1991)

Religions (Religion) [time series]

Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant and Jewish 3%

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.5 children born/woman (1991)