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Communications

Airports [time series]

2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways less than 1,220 m

Civil air [time series]

13 major transport aircraft

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

5,108 km total; 4,995 km paved, 57 km gravel, 56 km earth; about 80 km limited access divided highway

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

37 km; Moselle River

Merchant marine [time series]

49 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,592,985 GRT/2,642,249 DWT; includes 3 cargo, 5 container, 5 roll-on/roll-off, 6 petroleum tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 3 combination ore/oil, 8 liquefied gas, 1 passenger, 8 bulk, 6 combination bulk

Pipelines [time series]

petroleum products 48 km

Ports [time series]

Mertert (river port)

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

Luxembourg National Railways (CFL) operates 270 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 162 km double track; 162 km electrified

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables; 230,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 2 AM, 3 FM, 3 TV; 3 channels leased on TAT-6 coaxial submarine cable; 1 direct-broadcast satellite earth station; nationwide mobile phone system

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, National Gendarmerie

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $100 million, 1.4% of GDP (1991)

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, 100,994; 83,957 fit for military service; 2,320 reach military age (19) annually

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for less than 3% of GDP (including forestry); principal products - barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits, wine grapes; cattle raising widespread

Budget [time series]

revenues $2.5 billion; expenditures $2.3 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1988)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Luxembourg franc (plural - francs); 1 Luxembourg franc (LuxF) = 100 centimes

Economic aid [time series]

none

Electricity [time series]

1,500,000 kW capacity; 1,163 million kWh produced, 3,170 kWh per capita (1991)

Exchange rates [time series]

Luxembourg francs (LuxF) per US$1 - 32.462 (January 1992), 34.148 (1991), 33.418 (1990), 39.404 (1989), 36.768 (1988), 37.334 (1987); note - the Luxembourg franc is at par with the Belgian franc, which circulates freely in Luxembourg

Exports [time series]

$6.3 billion (f.o.b., 1990) commodities: finished steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass, aluminum, other industrial products partners: EC 75%, US 5%

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$131.6 million (1989 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power equivalent - $7.83 billion, per capita $20,200; real growth rate 2.5% (1991 est.)

Imports [time series]

$7.5 billion (c.i.f., 1990) commodities: minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods partners: Belgium 37%, FRG 31%, France 12%, US 2%

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate - 0.5% (1990); accounts for 25% of GDP

Industries [time series]

banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

3.7% (1990)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

The stable economy features moderate growth, low inflation, and negligible unemployment. Agriculture is based on small but highly productive family-owned farms. The industrial sector, until recently dominated by steel, has become increasingly more diversified, particularly toward high-technology firms. During the past decade, growth in the financial sector has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Services, especially banking, account for a growing proportion of the economy. Luxembourg participates in an economic union with Belgium on trade and most financial matters and is also closely connected economically to the Netherlands.

Unemployment rate [time series]

1.3% (1990)

Geography

Climate [time series]

modified continental with mild winters, cool summers

Coastline [time series]

none - landlocked

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly smaller than Rhode Island

Disputes - international (Disputes) [time series]

none

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

deforestation

Area (Land area) [time series]

2,586 km

Land boundaries [time series]

359 km; Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km

Land use [time series]

arable land 24%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 20%; forest and woodland 21%; other 34%

Maritime claims [time series]

none - landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

iron ore (no longer exploited)

Note [time series]

landlocked

Terrain [time series]

mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle floodplain in the southeast

Area (Total area) [time series]

2,586 km

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg

Capital [time series]

Luxembourg

Constitution [time series]

17 October 1868, occasional revisions

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

Ambassador Alphonse BERNS; Chancery at 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; telephone (202) 265-4171; there are Luxembourg Consulates General in New York and San Francisco US: Ambassador Edward M. ROWELL; Embassy at 22 Boulevard Emmanuel-Servais, 2535 Luxembourg City; PSC 11 (mailing address is APO AE 09132-5380); telephone [352] 460123; FAX [352] 461401

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

Chamber of Deputies: last held on 18 June 1989 (next to be held by June 1994); results - CSV 31.7%, LSAP 27.2%, DP 16.2%, Greens 8.4%, PAC 7.3%, KPL 5.1%, other 4.1%; seats - (60 total) CSV 22, LSAP 18, DP 11, Greens 4, PAC 4, KPL 1

Executive branch [time series]

grand duke, prime minister, vice prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Flag [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France

Independence [time series]

1839

Judicial branch [time series]

Superior Court of Justice (Cour Superieure de Justice)

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: Grand Duke JEAN (since 12 November 1964); Heir Apparent Prince HENRI (son of Grand Duke Jean, born 16 April 1955) Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacques SANTER (since 21 July 1984); Vice Prime Minister Jacques F. POOS (since 21 July 1984)

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Deputes); note - the Council of State (Conseil d'Etat) is an advisory body whose views are considered by the Chamber of Deputies

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACCT, Australia Group, Benelux, CCC, CE, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, EMS, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LORCS, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC

National holiday [time series]

National Day (public celebration of the Grand Duke's birthday), 23 June (1921)

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

group of steel industries representing iron and steel industry, Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural producers; Christian and Socialist labor unions; Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Christian Social Party (CSV), Jacques SANTER; Socialist Workers Party (LSAP), Jacques POOS; Liberal (DP), Colette FLESCH; Communist (KPL), Andre HOFFMANN; Green Alternative (GAP), Jean HUSS

Suffrage [time series]

universal and compulsory at age 18

Government type (Type) [time series]

constitutional monarchy

People

Birth rate [time series]

12 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate [time series]

10 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Celtic base, with French and German blend; also guest and worker residents from Portugal, Italy, and European countries

Infant mortality rate [time series]

8 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

Labor force [time series]

177,300; one-third of labor force is foreign workers, mostly from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and FRG; services 65%, industry 31.6%, agriculture 3.4% (1988)

Languages [time series]

Luxembourgisch, German, French; many also speak English

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

73 years male, 80 years female (1992)

Literacy [time series]

100% (male 100%, female 100%) age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun - Luxembourger(s); adjective - Luxembourg

Net migration rate [time series]

7 migrants/1,000 population (1992)

Organized labor [time series]

100,000 (est.) members of four confederated trade unions

Population [time series]

392,405 (July 1992), growth rate 1.0% (1992)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant and Jewish 3%

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.6 children born/woman (1992)