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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 2 usable: 2 with permanent-surface runways: 1 with runways over 3,659 m: 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 0 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 1

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

5,108 km total; 4,995 km paved, 57 km gravel, 56 km earth; about 80 km limited access divided highway

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

37 km; Moselle River

Merchant marine [time series]

53 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,570,466 GRT/2,614,154 DWT; includes 2 cargo, 5 container, 5 roll-on/roll-off, 6 oil tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 3 combination ore/oil, 8 liquefied gas, 2 passenger, 8 bulk, 6 combination bulk, 4 refrigerated cargo

Pipelines [time series]

petroleum products 48 km

Ports [time series]

Mertert (river port)

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

Luxembourg National Railways (CFL) operates 272 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 178 km double track; 178 km electrified

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables; 230,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 2 AM, 3 FM, 3 TV; 3 channels leased on TAT-6 coaxial submarine cable; 1 direct-broadcast satellite earth station; nationwide mobile phone system

Defense Forces

Affiliation [time series]

(overseas territory of Portugal)

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, National Gendarmerie

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $100 million, 1.2% of GDP (1992)

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 103,607; fit for military service 86,003; reach military age (19) annually 2,227 (1993 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for less than 3% of GDP (including forestry); principal products - barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits, wine grapes; cattle raising widespread

Budget [time series]

revenues $3.5 billion; expenditures $3.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 Luxembourg franc (LuxF) = 100 centimes

Economic aid [time series]

none

Electricity [time series]

1,238,750 kW capacity; 1,375 million kWh produced, 3,450 kWh per capita (1990)

Exchange rates [time series]

Luxembourg francs (LuxF) per US$1 - 33.256 (January 1993), 32.150 (1992), 34.148 (1991), 33.418 (1990), 39.404 (1989), 36.768 (1988); note - the Luxembourg franc is at par with the Belgian franc, which circulates freely in Luxembourg

Exports [time series]

$6.4 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.) commodities: finished steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass, aluminum, other industrial products partners: EC 76%, US 5%

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$131.6 million (1989 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Illicit drugs [time series]

money-laundering hub

Imports [time series]

$8.3 billion (c.i.f., 1991 est.) commodities: minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods partners: Belgium 37%, FRG 31%, France 12%, US 2%

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate -0.5% (1990); accounts for 25% of GDP

Industries [time series]

banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

3.6% (1992)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $8.5 billion (1992)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$21,700 (1992)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

2.5% (1992)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

The stable economy features moderate growth, low inflation, and negligible unemployment. Agriculture is based on small but highly productive family-owned farms. The industrial sector, until recently dominated by steel, has become increasingly more diversified, particularly toward high-technology firms. During the past decade, growth in the financial sector has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Services, especially banking, account for a growing proportion of the economy. Luxembourg participates in an economic union with Belgium on trade and most financial matters and is also closely connected economically to the Netherlands.

Unemployment rate [time series]

1.4% (1991)

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 2,586 km2 land area: 2,586 km2 comparative area: slightly smaller than Rhode Island

Climate [time series]

modified continental with mild winters, cool summers

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

deforestation

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

none

Irrigated land [time series]

NA km2

Land boundaries [time series]

total 359 km, Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 24% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 20% forest and woodland: 21% other: 34%

Location [time series]

Western Europe, between Belgium and Germany

Map references [time series]

Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

none; landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

iron ore (no longer exploited)

Note [time series]

landlocked

Terrain [time series]

mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle floodplain in the southeast

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg

Capital [time series]

Luxembourg

Constitution [time series]

17 October 1868, occasional revisions

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Alphonse BERNS chancery: 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 265-4171 FAX: (202) 328-8270 consulates general: New York and San Francisco

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

Chamber of Deputies: last held on 18 June 1989 (next to be held by June 1994); results - CSV 31.7%, LSAP 27.2%, DP 16.2%, Greens 8.4%, PAC 7.3%, KPL 5.1%, other 4.1%; seats - (60 total) CSV 22, LSAP 18, DP 11, Greens 4, PAC 4, KPL 1

Executive branch [time series]

grand duke, prime minister, vice prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Flag [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France

Independence [time series]

1839

Judicial branch [time series]

Superior Court of Justice (Cour Superieure de Justice)

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: Grand Duke JEAN (since 12 November 1964); Heir Apparent Prince HENRI (son of Grand Duke Jean, born 16 April 1955) Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacques SANTER (since 21 July 1984); Vice Prime Minister Jacques F. POOS (since 21 July 1984)

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Deputes); note - the Council of State (Conseil d'Etat) is an advisory body whose views are considered by the Chamber of Deputies

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACCT, Australia Group, Benelux, CCC, CE, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LORCS, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg conventional short form: Luxembourg local long form: Grand-Duche de Luxembourg local short form: Luxembourg

National holiday [time series]

National Day, 23 June (1921) (public celebration of the Grand Duke's birthday)

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

group of steel companies representing iron and steel industry; Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural producers; Christian and Socialist labor unions; Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Christian Social Party (CSV), Jacques SANTER; Socialist Workers Party (LSAP), Jacques POOS; Liberal (DP), Colette FLESCH; Communist (KPL), Andre HOFFMANN; Green Alternative (GAP), Jean HUSS

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Government type (Type) [time series]

constitutional monarchy

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Edward M. ROWELL embassy: 22 Boulevard Emmanuel-Servais, 2535 Luxembourg City mailing address: PSC 11, APO AE 09132-5380 telephone: [352] 460123 FAX: [352] 461401

People

Birth rate [time series]

12.96 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate [time series]

9.56 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Celtic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese, Italian, and European (guest and worker residents)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Labor force [time series]

177,300 one-third of labor force is foreign workers, mostly from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and Germany by occupation: services 65%, industry 31.6%, agriculture 3.4% (1988)

Languages [time series]

Luxembourgisch, German, French, English

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 76.43 years male: 72.71 years female: 80.3 years (1993 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1980) total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Luxembourger(s) adjective: Luxembourg

Net migration rate [time series]

6.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Population [time series]

398,220 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

1.04% (1993 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant and Jewish 3%

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.63 children born/woman (1993 est.)