ARCHIVE // UZ // 2016

Uzbekistan

2016 Edition — sovereign

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Communications
Broadcast media [time series]
government controls media; 14 state-owned broadcasters - 10 TV and 4 radio - provide service to virtually the entire country; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast to local markets; privately owned TV stations are required to lease transmitters from the government-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation; in 2013, the government closed TV and radio broadcasters affiliated with the National Association of Electronic Mass Media of Uzbekistan, a government-sponsored NGO for private broadcast media
Internet country code [time series]
.uz
Internet users [time series]
total: 12.498 million | percent of population: 42.8% (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 41
Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]
general assessment: digital exchanges in large cities and in rural areas | domestic: the state-owned telecommunications company, Uzbektelecom, owner of the fixed-line telecommunications system, has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to upgrade fixed-line services including conversion to digital exchanges; mobile-cellular services are provided by 3 private and 1 state-owned operator with a total subscriber base of 22 million as of mid 2015 | international: country code - 998; linked by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; the country also has a link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; Uzbekistan has supported the national fiber- optic backbone project of Afghanistan since 2008 (2015)
Telephones - fixed lines [time series]
total subscriptions: 2,507,711 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 53
Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]
total: 21.783 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 75 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 56
Economy
Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]
cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock
Budget [time series]
revenues: $21.17 billion | expenditures: $20.9 billion (2015 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]
0.4% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 31
Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]
12.44% (31 December 2013 est.) | 11.2% (31 December 2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 64
Current account balance [time series]
-$7 million (2015 est.) | $454 million (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49
Debt - external [time series]
$13.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $13.39 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 100
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]
36.8 (2003) | 44.7 (1998) | country comparison to the world: 80
Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]
Uzbekistan is a landlocked country with more than 60% of the population living in densely populated rural communities. Since its independence in September 1991, the government maintained its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops, Uzbekistani agriculture remains largely centered on cotton; Uzbekistan is the world's fifth largest cotton exporter and sixth largest producer. Uzbekistan's growth has been driven primarily by state-led investments, and export of natural gas, gold, and cotton provides a significant share of foreign exchange earnings. In 2015, Russia’s Gazprom announced it would reduce its natural gas imports from Uzbekistan but Tashkent continues to export natural gas to China and Chinese investments in the country have substantially increased. | While aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government continues to intervene in the business sector and has not addressed the impediments to foreign investment in the country. In the past, Uzbekistani authorities have accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbekistani laws and have frozen and seized their assets. At the same time, the Uzbekistani Government has actively courted several major US and international corporations, offering financing and tax advantages. | In 2003, the government accepted Article VIII obligations under the IMF, providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have further stifled economic activity. Recently, lower global commodity prices and economic slowdown in neighboring Russia and China have been hurting Uzbekistan's trade and investment and worsening its problem of currency shortage.
Exchange rates [time series]
Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar - | 2,569.6 (2015 est.) | 2,311.4 (2014 est.) | 2,311.4 (2013 est.) | 1,890.1 (2012 est.) | 1,715.8 (2011 est.)
Exports [time series]
$11.35 billion (2015 est.) | $12.9 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 83
Exports - commodities [time series]
energy products, cotton, gold, mineral fertilizers, ferrous and nonferrous metals, textiles, foodstuffs, machinery, automobiles
Exports - partners [time series]
Switzerland 25.8%, China 17.6%, Kazakhstan 14.2%, Turkey 9.9%, Russia 8.4%, Bangladesh 6.9% (2015)
Fiscal year [time series]
calendar year
GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]
$65.68 billion (2015 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]
$187.9 billion (2015 est.) | $174 billion (2014 est.) | $161 billion (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 64
GDP - composition, by end use [time series]
household consumption: 56.4% | government consumption: 16.5% | investment in fixed capital: 24% | investment in inventories: 3.5% | exports of goods and services: 28.7% | imports of goods and services: -29.1% (2015 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]
agriculture: 19.2% | industry: 33.6% | services: 47.2% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]
$6,100 (2015 est.) | $5,700 (2014 est.) | $5,300 (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 160
Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]
8% (2015 est.) | 8.1% (2014 est.) | 8% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 7
Gross national saving [time series]
27.4% of GDP (2015 est.) | 28.4% of GDP (2014 est.) | 27.5% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 29
Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]
lowest 10%: 2.8% | highest 10%: 29.6% (2003)
Imports [time series]
$11.81 billion (2015 est.) | $14.74 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 92
Imports - commodities [time series]
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, ferrous and nonferrous metals
Imports - partners [time series]
China 20.8%, Russia 20.8%, South Korea 12%, Kazakhstan 10.8%, Turkey 4.6%, Germany 4.4% (2015)
Industrial production growth rate [time series]
4% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 58
Industries [time series]
textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals
Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]
10% (2015 est.) | 11% (2014 est.) | note: official data; based on independent analysis of consumer prices, inflation reached 22% in 2012 | country comparison to the world: 202
Labor force [time series]
17.54 million (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 36
Labor force - by occupation [time series]
agriculture: 25.9% | industry: 13.2% | services: 60.9% (2012 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]
$NA (31 December 2012) | $715.3 million (31 December 2006)
Population below poverty line [time series]
17% (2011 est.)
Public debt [time series]
8.3% of GDP (2015 est.) | 7.1% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 173
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]
$15 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $16.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 66
Stock of broad money [time series]
$16.56 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $15.59 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 94
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]
$NA
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]
$NA
Stock of domestic credit [time series]
$11.78 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $12.32 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 101
Stock of narrow money [time series]
$7.162 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $7.272 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 90
Taxes and other revenues [time series]
32.2% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 75
Unemployment rate [time series]
5% (2015 est.) | 4.9% (2014 est.) | note: official data; another 20% are underemployed | country comparison to the world: 52
Energy
Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]
109 million Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 38
Crude oil - exports [time series]
27,000 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52
Crude oil - imports [time series]
360 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 80
Crude oil - production [time series]
60,130 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52
Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]
600 million bbl (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 49
Electricity - consumption [time series]
48 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52
Electricity - exports [time series]
13 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 17
Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]
86.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 86
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]
13.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 104
Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 201
Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 138
Electricity - imports [time series]
13 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 17
Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]
13 million kW (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 51
Electricity - production [time series]
53 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 53
Electricity access [time series]
electrification - total population: 100% (2016)
Natural gas - consumption [time series]
47.04 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 20
Natural gas - exports [time series]
14.7 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 17
Natural gas - imports [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 149
Natural gas - production [time series]
61.74 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 16
Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]
1.841 trillion cu m (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 20
Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]
64,000 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 90
Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]
4,367 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 97
Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 211
Refined petroleum products - production [time series]
67,900 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 75
Geography
Area [time series]
total: 447,400 sq km | land: 425,400 sq km | water: 22,000 sq km | country comparison to the world: 57
Area - comparative [time series]
about four times the size of Virginia; slightly larger than California
Climate [time series]
mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Coastline [time series]
0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
Elevation [time series]
mean elevation: NA | elevation extremes: lowest point: Sariqamish Kuli -12 m | highest point: Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m
Environment - current issues [time series]
shrinkage of the Aral Sea has resulted in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification and respiratory health problems; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT
International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geographic coordinates [time series]
41 00 N, 64 00 E
Geography - note [time series]
along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world
Irrigated land [time series]
42,150 sq km (2012)
Land boundaries [time series]
total: 6,893 km | border countries (5): Afghanistan 144 km, Kazakhstan 2,330 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,314 km, Tajikistan 1,312 km, Turkmenistan 1,793 km
Land use [time series]
agricultural land: 62.6% | arable land 10.1%; permanent crops 0.8%; permanent pasture 51.7% | forest: 7.7% | other: 29.7% (2011 est.)
Location [time series]
Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan
Map references [time series]
Asia
Maritime claims [time series]
none (doubly landlocked)
Natural hazards [time series]
NA
Natural resources [time series]
natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
Population distribution (Population - distribution) [time series]
most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, while the central and western deserts are sparsely populated
Terrain [time series]
mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Government
Administrative divisions [time series]
12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonom respublikasi), and 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati, Farg'ona Viloyati, Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan Republic]* (Nukus), Samarqand Viloyati, Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]**, Toshkent Viloyati [Tashkent province], Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch) | note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Capital [time series]
name: Tashkent (Toshkent) | geographic coordinates: 41 19 N, 69 15 E | time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Citizenship [time series]
citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Uzbekistan | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Constitution [time series]
several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992; amended several times, last in 2014 (2016)
Country name [time series]
conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan | conventional short form: Uzbekistan | local long form: O'zbekiston Respublikasi | local short form: O'zbekiston | former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic | etymology: a combination of the Turkic words "uz" (self) and "bek" (master) with the Persian suffix "-stan" (country) to give the meaning "Land of the free"
Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador Pamela L. SPRATLEN (since 21 January 2015) | embassy: 3 Moyqo'rq'on, 5th Block, Yunusobod District, Tashkent 100093 | mailing address: use embassy street address | telephone: [998] (71) 120-5450 | FAX: [998] (71) 120-6335
Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador Baxtiyor GULOMOV (since 18 July 2013) | chancery: 1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 | telephone: [1] (202) 887-5300 | FAX: [1] (202) 293-6804 | consulate(s) general: New York
Executive branch [time series]
chief of state: Interim President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 8 September 2016); note - longtime President Islom KARIMOV died on 2 September 2016; new presidential elections must be held within three months of this date | head of government: Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 11 December 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Rustam AZIMOV (since 2 January 2008) | cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of both chambers of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis) | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term; previously a 5-year term, extended by a 2002 constitutional amendment to 7 years, and reverted to 5 years in 2011); election last held on 29 March 2015; prime minister nominated by majority party in legislature since 2011, but appointed along with the ministers and deputy ministers by the president | election results: Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV (LDPU) 90.4%, Akmal SAIDOV (Democratic Party of Uzbekistan) 3.1%, Khatamjan KETMANOV (NDP) 2.9%, Nariman UMAROV (Justice Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan) 2.1%, other 1.5%
Flag (Flag description) [time series]
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon (closed side to the hoist) and 12 white stars shifted to the hoist on the top band; blue is the color of the Turkic peoples and of the sky, white signifies peace and the striving for purity in thoughts and deeds, while green represents nature and is the color of Islam; the red stripes are the vital force of all living organisms that links good and pure ideas with the eternal sky and with deeds on earth; the crescent represents Islam and the 12 stars the months and constellations of the Uzbek calendar
Government type [time series]
presidential republic; highly authoritarian
Independence [time series]
1 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
International law organization participation [time series]
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
International organization participation [time series]
ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Judicial branch [time series]
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 34 judges organized in civil, criminal, and military sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges); Higher Economic Court (consists of 19 judges) | judge selection and term of office: judges of the 3 highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for 5-year terms subject to reappointment | subordinate courts: regional, district, city, and town courts
Legal system [time series]
civil law system
Legislative branch [time series]
description: bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of the Senate (100 seats; 84 members indirectly elected by regional governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms) and the Legislative Chamber or Qonunchilik Palatasi (150 seats; 135 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed and 15 indirectly elected by the Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan; members serve 5-year terms) | note: all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President Islom KARIMOV | elections: last held on 21 December 2014 and 4 January 2015 (next to be held in December 2019) | election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDPU 52, National Rebirth Party 36, NDP 27, Adolat 20, Ecological Movement 15
National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]
name: "O'zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi" (National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan) | lyrics/music: Abdulla ARIPOV/Mutal BURHANOV | note: adopted 1992; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet Republic but adopted new lyrics
National holiday [time series]
Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
National symbol(s) [time series]
khumo (mythical bird); national colors: blue, white, red, green
Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]
Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Ekologik Harakati) [Boriy ALIKHANOV] | Justice (Adolat) Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan [Narimon UMAROV] | Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Liberal-Demokratik Partiyasi) or LDPU [Islam KARIMOV] | National Revival Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Milliy Tiklanish Demokratik Partiyasi) [Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV] | People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Xalq Demokratik Partiyas) or NDP [Hotamjon KETMONOV] (formerly Communist Party)
Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]
no significant opposition political parties or pressure groups in Uzbekistan
Suffrage [time series]
18 years of age; universal
Introduction
Background [time series]
Russia conquered the territory of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country has gradually lessened its dependence on the cotton monoculture by diversifying agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base. However, long-serving septuagenarian President Islom KARIMOV, who rose through the ranks of the Soviet-era State Planning Committee (Gosplan), remains wedded to the concepts of a command economy, creating a challenging environment for foreign investment. Current concerns include post-KARIMOV succession, economic stagnation, pervasive corruption, declining quality of social services, persistent inability to adequately meet the country's energy needs outside of Tashkent, the curtailment of human rights, and the lack of democratization.
Military and Security
Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]
Uzbek Armed Forces: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces (2013)
Military service age and obligation [time series]
18 years of age for compulsory military service; 1-month or 1-year conscript service obligation for males; moving toward a professional military, but conscription in some form will continue; the military cannot accommodate everyone who wishes to enlist, and competition for entrance into the military is similar to the competition for admission to universities (2013)
People and Society
Age structure [time series]
0-14 years: 24.22% (male 3,658,960/female 3,480,659) | 15-24 years: 19.22% (male 2,874,982/female 2,790,128) | 25-54 years: 43.95% (male 6,444,288/female 6,510,741) | 55-64 years: 7.54% (male 1,049,876/female 1,171,369) | 65 years and over: 5.06% (male 637,408/female 855,203) (2016 est.)
Birth rate [time series]
16.9 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 109
Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]
4.4% (2006) | country comparison to the world: 97
Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]
64.9% (2006)
Death rate [time series]
5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 180
Dependency ratios [time series]
total dependency ratio: 49.7% | youth dependency ratio: 42.7% | elderly dependency ratio: 7% | potential support ratio: 14.3% (2015 est.)
Drinking water source [time series]
urban: 98.5% of population | rural: 80.9% of population | total: 87.3% of population | urban: 1.5% of population | rural: 19.1% of population | total: 12.7% of population (2012 est.)
Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]
NA
Ethnic groups [time series]
Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]
0.15% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 104
HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]
2,600 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 55
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]
32,700 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 68
Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]
5.8% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 118
Hospital bed density [time series]
4.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)
Infant mortality rate [time series]
total: 18.6 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 22.1 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 14.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91
Languages [time series]
Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% | note: in the Karakalpakstan Republic, both the Karakalpak language and Uzbek have official status
Life expectancy at birth [time series]
total population: 73.8 years | male: 70.7 years | female: 77 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 126
Literacy [time series]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 99.6% | male: 99.7% | female: 99.5% (2015 est.)
Major urban areas - population [time series]
TASHKENT (capital) 2.251 million (2015)
Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]
36 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 126
Median age [time series]
total: 28.1 years | male: 27.6 years | female: 28.7 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 131
Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]
23.4 (2013 est.)
Nationality [time series]
noun: Uzbekistani | adjective: Uzbekistani
Net migration rate [time series]
-2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 172
Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]
14.3% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 119
Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]
2.53 physicians/1,000 population (2013)
Population [time series]
29,473,614 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 45
Population distribution [time series]
most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, while the central and western deserts are sparsely populated
Population growth rate [time series]
0.93% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 122
Religions [time series]
Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Sanitation facility access [time series]
urban: 100% of population | rural: 100% of population | total: 100% of population | urban: 0% of population | rural: 0% of population | total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]
total: 12 years | male: 12 years | female: 12 years (2011)
Sex ratio [time series]
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female | total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
Total fertility rate [time series]
1.78 children born/woman (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 154
Urbanization [time series]
urban population: 36.4% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international [time series]
prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas
Illicit drugs [time series]
transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan
Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]
stateless persons: 86,703 (2015)
Trafficking in persons [time series]
current situation: Uzbekistan is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking; government-compelled forced labor of adults remained endemic during the 2014 cotton harvest; despite a decree banning the use of persons under 18, children were mobilized to harvest cotton by local officials in some districts; in some regions, local officials forced teachers, students, private business employees, and others to work in construction, agriculture, and cleaning parks; Uzbekistani women and children are victims of sex trafficking domestically and in the Middle East, Eurasia, and Asia; Uzbekistani men and, to a lesser extent, women are subjected to forced labor in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine in the construction, oil, agriculture, retail, and food sectors | tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List – Uzbekistan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; law enforcement efforts in 2014 were mixed; the government made efforts to combat sex and transnational labor trafficking, but government-compelled forced labor of adults in the cotton harvest went unaddressed, and the decree prohibiting forced child labor was not applied universally; official complicity in human trafficking in the cotton harvest remained prevalent; authorities made efforts to identify and protect sex and transnational labor victims, although a systematic process is still lacking; minimal efforts were made to assist victims of forced labor in the cotton harvest, as the government does not openly acknowledge the existence of this forced labor; the ILO did not have permission or funding to monitor the 2014 harvest, but the government authorized the UN's International Labour Organization to conduct a survey on recruitment practices and working conditions in agriculture, particularly the cotton sector, and to monitor the 2015-17 cotton harvests for child and forced labor in project areas (2015)
Transportation
Airports [time series]
53 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 89
Airports - with paved runways [time series]
total: 33 | over 3,047 m: 6 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 13 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 | 914 to 1,523 m: 4 | under 914 m: 4 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]
total: 20 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 | under 914 m: 18 (2013)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]
UK (2016)
National air transport system [time series]
number of registered air carriers: 2 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 29 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 2,486,673 | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 114,334,520 mt-km (2015)
Pipelines [time series]
gas 10,401 km; oil 944 km (2013)
Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]
river port(s): Termiz (Amu Darya)
Railways [time series]
total: 3,645 km | broad gauge: 3,645 km 1.520-m gauge (620 km electrified) (2014) | country comparison to the world: 48
Roadways [time series]
total: 86,496 km | paved: 75,511 km | unpaved: 10,985 km (2000) | country comparison to the world: 52
Waterways [time series]
1,100 km (2012) | country comparison to the world: 62