Uzbekistan

presidential republic; highly authoritarian

name: Tashkent (Toshkent) geographic coordinates: 41 19 N, 69 15 E time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the current name of the ancient city was first used in the 11th century and comes from the Sogdian (Turkic) words tash ( stone) and kent (town); the city was first recorded in the 5th or 4th century B.C. with the name of Chach or Shash

chief of state: President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 14 December 2016) head of government: Prime Minister Abdulla ARIPOV (since 14 December 2016) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with most requiring approval of the Senate chamber of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis) election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by majority party in the Supreme Assembly but appointed along with the ministers and deputy ministers by the president most recent election date: 9 July 2023 election results: 2023: Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV reelected president in snap election; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (LDPU) 87. 7 %, Robaxon Maxmudova (Adolat) 4.5%, Ulugbek Inoyatov (PDP) 4%, Abdushukur Xamzayev (Ecological Party) 3.8% 2021: Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (LDPU) 80.3%, Maqsuda VORISOVA (PDP) 6.7%, Alisher QODIROV (National Revival Democratic Party) 5.5%, Narzullo OBLOMURODOV (Ecological Party) 4.1%, Bahrom ABDUHALIMOV (Adolat) 3.4% expected date of next election: 2030

legislature name: Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis) legislative structure: bicameral

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 67 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and economic sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges) judge selection and term of office: judges of the highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for a single 10-year term; the court chairman and deputies appointed for 10-year terms without the right to reelection. (Article 132 of the constitution) subordinate courts: regional, district, city, and town courts

history: several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992 amendment process: proposed by the Supreme Assembly or by referendum; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of both houses of the Assembly or passage in a referendum

ADB, CICA, CIS, EAEU (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EEU (observer), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

2.8% of GDP (2019 est.) 2.9% of GDP (2018 est.) 2.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 2.5% of GDP (2016 est.) 2.5% of GDP (2015 est.)

Armed Forces of Uzbekistan: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces; National Guard Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Security Troops, Border Guards, police (2024) note 1: the National Guard is under the Defense Ministry, but is independent of the other military services; it is responsible for ensuring public order and the security of diplomatic missions, radio and television broadcasting, and other state entities note 2: the State Security Service, whose chairperson reports directly to the president, is responsible for national security and intelligence matters, including terrorism, corruption, organized crime, border control, and narcotics

18-30 for voluntary/contract service for men and women; 18-27 years of age for compulsory military service for men with a 12-month service obligation (2025) note: those conscripted have the option of paying for a shorter service of one month while remaining in the reserves until the age of 27; Uzbek citizens who have completed their service terms in the armed forces have privileges in employment and admission to higher educational institutions

the military s responsibilities include ensuring the country s sovereignty and territorial integrity, securing its borders, and assisting with internal security; regional security and international terrorism are areas of concern; Uzbekistan joined the Russian-sponsored Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) in the 1990s but withdrew in 1999; it returned in 2006 but left again in 2012; although not part of CSTO, Uzbekistan continues to maintain defense ties with Russia, including joint military exercises and defense industrial cooperation; it also has defense ties with other regional countries, including Azerbaijan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, and Turkey; it is part of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and participates in SCO training exercises (2025)

$379.989 billion (2024 est.) $356.797 billion (2023 est.) $335.678 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

$10,500 (2024 est.) $10,000 (2023 est.) $9,600 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

6.5% (2024 est.) 6.3% (2023 est.) 6% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

9.6% (2024 est.) 10% (2023 est.) 11.4% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

10.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

$26.173 billion (2024 est.) $25.05 billion (2023 est.) $20.966 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

$43.624 billion (2024 est.) $42.646 billion (2023 est.) $35.643 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

4.5% (2024 est.) 4.5% (2023 est.) 4.5% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

revenues: $21.565 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $25.953 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals

milk, wheat, cotton, potatoes, carrots/turnips, tomatoes, grapes, watermelons, vegetables, apples (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

total: 37,015,151 (2025 est.) male: 18,576,048 female: 18,439,103

1.26% (2025 est.)

0-14 years: 29.6% (male 5,597,947/female 5,213,403) 15-64 years: 63.7% (male 11,649,017/female 11,617,411) 65 years and over: 6.7% (2024 est.) (male 1,077,849/female 1,364,966)

18.93 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

5 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

-1.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total population: 76.2 years (2024 est.) male: 73.6 years female: 79 years

urban population: 50.5% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Uzbek 83.8%, Tajik 4.8%, Kazakh 2.5%, Russian 2.3%, Karakalpak 2.2%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.9% (2017 est.)

Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% major-language sample(s): Jahon faktlari kitobi, asosiy ma'lumotlar uchun zaruriy manba. (Uzbek) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: in the semi-autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan, both the Karakalpak language and Uzbek have official status

Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%

total population: 100% (2022 est.) male: 100% (2022 est.) female: 100% (2022 est.)

natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum

Islamic Jihad Union (IJU); Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - Khorasan (ISIS-K) note 1: these groups have typically been active in the area where the Uzbek, Kyrgyz, and Tajik borders converge and ill-defined and porous borders allow for the relatively free movement of people and illicit goods note 2: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

refugees: 8,505 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 20,000 (2024 est.)

74 (2025)

total: 4,642 km (2018) broad gauge: 4,642 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge (1,684 km electrified)

total subscriptions: 40.2 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1,110 (2024 est.)

percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)