ARCHIVE // UZ // 2015

Uzbekistan

2015 Edition — sovereign

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Communications
Broadcast media [time series]
government controls media; 14 state-owned broadcasters - 10 TV and 4 radio - provide service to virtually the entire country; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast to local markets; privately owned TV stations are required to lease transmitters from the government-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation; in 2013, the government closed TV and radio broadcasters affiliated with the National Association of Electronic Mass Media of Uzbekistan, a government-sponsored NGO for private broadcast media
Internet country code [time series]
.uz
Internet users [time series]
total: 11.8 million | percent of population: 40.6% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 41
Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]
AM 20, FM 24, shortwave 3 (2008)
Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]
general assessment: digital exchanges in large cities and in rural areas | domestic: the state-owned telecommunications company, Uzbektelecom, owner of the fixed-line telecommunications system, has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to upgrade fixed-line services including conversion to digital exchanges; mobile-cellular services are provided by 3 private and 1 state-owned operator with a total subscriber base of 19 million as of January 2014 | international: country code - 998; linked by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; the country also has a link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; Uzbekistan has supported the national fiber optic backbone project of Afghanistan since 2008 (2009)
Telephones - fixed lines [time series]
total subscriptions: 2.51 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 53
Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]
total: 21.6 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 75 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 56
Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]
28 (includes 1 cable rebroadcaster in Tashkent and approximately 20 stations in regional capitals) (2006)
Economy
Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]
cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock
Budget [time series]
revenues: $18.67 billion | expenditures: $19.27 billion (2014 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]
-1% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 58
Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]
12.44% (31 December 2013 est.) | 11.2% (31 December 2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 65
Current account balance [time series]
$73 million (2014 est.) | $1.339 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 45
Debt - external [time series]
$8.751 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $8.517 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 107
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]
36.8 (2003) | 44.7 (1998) | country comparison to the world: 80
Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]
Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country; more than 60% of the population lives in densely populated rural communities. Export of natural gas, gold and cotton provides a significant share of foreign exchange earnings. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops, Uzbekistani agriculture remains largely centered around cotton; Uzbekistan is now the world's fifth largest cotton exporter and sixth largest producer. | The country is beginning to enforce a ban on the use of child labor in its cotton harvest and is trying to address international criticism for its previous use of this practice. Following independence in September 1991, the government sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. A sharp increase in the inequality of income distribution has hurt the lower ranks of society since independence. While aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government continues to intervene in the business sector and has not addressed the impediments to foreign investment in the country. In 2003, the government accepted Article VIII obligations under the IMF, providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have further stifled economic activity. The Central Bank often delays or restricts convertibility, especially for consumer goods. | Uzbekistan's growth has been driven primarily by state-led investments and a favorable export environment. In the past Uzbekistani authorities have accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbekistani laws and have frozen and even seized their assets. At the same time, the Uzbekistani Government has actively courted several major US and international corporations, offering financing and tax advantages. Diminishing foreign investment and difficulties transporting goods across borders further challenge Uzbekistan’s economy, though it recently has intensified economic ties to Beijing. Tashkent began exporting natural gas to China and Chinese investments in the country have substantially increased.
Exchange rates [time series]
Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar - | 2,313.6 (2014 est.) | 2,095.6 (2013 est.) | 1,890.1 (2012 est.) | 1,715.8 (2011 est.) | 1,587.2 (2010 est.)
Exports [time series]
$13.32 billion (2014 est.) | $12.83 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 86
Exports - commodities [time series]
energy products, cotton, gold, mineral fertilizers, ferrous and nonferrous metals, textiles, foodstuffs, machinery, automobiles
Exports - partners [time series]
China 26.8%, Russia 14.7%, Kazakhstan 14.6%, Turkey 13.1%, Bangladesh 10.2% (2014)
Fiscal year [time series]
calendar year
GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]
$62.62 billion (2014 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]
$171.7 billion (2014 est.) | $158.8 billion (2013 est.) | $147 billion (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 67
GDP - composition, by end use [time series]
household consumption: 55.6% | government consumption: 22.7% | investment in fixed capital: 24.4% | investment in inventories: 0% | exports of goods and services: 26.9% | imports of goods and services: -29.6% | (2014 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]
agriculture: 18.5% | industry: 32% | services: 49.5% (2014 est.)
Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]
$5,600 (2014 est.) | $5,200 (2013 est.) | $4,800 (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 162
Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]
8.1% (2014 est.) | 8% (2013 est.) | 8.2% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 20
Gross national saving [time series]
31.1% of GDP (2014 est.) | 29.1% of GDP (2013 est.) | 32% of GDP (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 27
Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]
lowest 10%: 2.8% | highest 10%: 29.6% (2003)
Imports [time series]
$12.5 billion (2014 est.) | $11.43 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 92
Imports - commodities [time series]
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, ferrous and nonferrous metals
Imports - partners [time series]
Russia 22.8%, China 19.6%, South Korea 14.9%, Kazakhstan 10.2%, Germany 4.8%, Turkey 4.4% (2014)
Industrial production growth rate [time series]
6.2% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 36
Industries [time series]
textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals
Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]
8.4% (2014 est.) | 12% (2013 est.) | note: official data; based on independent analysis of consumer prices, inflation reached 22% in 2012 | country comparison to the world: 206
Labor force [time series]
17.24 million (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 37
Labor force - by occupation [time series]
agriculture: 25.9% | industry: 13.2% | services: 60.9% (2012 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]
$NA (31 December 2012) | $715.3 million (31 December 2006)
Population below poverty line [time series]
17% (2011 est.)
Public debt [time series]
7.5% of GDP (2014 est.) | 6.3% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 157
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]
$18 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $17 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 63
Stock of broad money [time series]
$15.58 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $13.57 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 93
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]
$NA
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]
$NA
Stock of domestic credit [time series]
$12.76 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $12.07 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 100
Stock of narrow money [time series]
$7.605 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $6.154 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 87
Taxes and other revenues [time series]
29.6% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 92
Unemployment rate [time series]
4.9% (2014 est.) | 4.9% (2013 est.) | note: official data, another 20% are underemployed | country comparison to the world: 47
Energy
Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]
123.2 million Mt (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 39
Crude oil - exports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 200
Crude oil - imports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 136
Crude oil - production [time series]
100,000 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 46
Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]
594 million bbl (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49
Electricity - consumption [time series]
45.07 billion kWh (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 51
Electricity - exports [time series]
12.25 billion kWh (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 17
Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]
86% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 86
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]
14% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105
Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 198
Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 135
Electricity - imports [time series]
12.16 billion kWh (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 15
Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]
12.35 million kW (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52
Electricity - production [time series]
52.53 billion kWh (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 51
Natural gas - consumption [time series]
52.7 billion cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 17
Natural gas - exports [time series]
10.2 billion cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 19
Natural gas - imports [time series]
0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 144
Natural gas - production [time series]
62.9 billion cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 14
Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]
1.841 trillion cu m (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 20
Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]
105,600 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 75
Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]
4,968 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 90
Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]
655.9 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 200
Refined petroleum products - production [time series]
92,300 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 75
Geography
Area [time series]
total: 447,400 sq km | land: 425,400 sq km | water: 22,000 sq km | country comparison to the world: 57
Area - comparative [time series]
about four times the size of Virginia; slightly larger than California
Climate [time series]
mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Coastline [time series]
0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]
lowest point: Sariqamish Kuli -12 m | highest point: Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m
Environment - current issues [time series]
shrinkage of the Aral Sea has resulted in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification and respiratory health problems; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT
International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]
total: 56 cu km/yr (7%/3%/90%) | per capita: 2,113 cu m/yr (2005)
Geographic coordinates [time series]
41 00 N, 64 00 E
Geography - note [time series]
along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world
Irrigated land [time series]
41,980 sq km (2005)
Land boundaries [time series]
total: 6,893 km | border countries (5): Afghanistan 144 km, Kazakhstan 2,330 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,314 km, Tajikistan 1,312 km, Turkmenistan 1,793 km
Land use [time series]
agricultural land: 62.6% | arable land 10.1%; permanent crops 0.8%; permanent pasture 51.7% | forest: 7.7% | other: 29.7% (2011 est.)
Location [time series]
Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan
Map references [time series]
Asia
Maritime claims [time series]
none (doubly landlocked)
Natural hazards [time series]
NA
Natural resources [time series]
natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
Terrain [time series]
mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Total renewable water resources [time series]
48.87 cu km (2011)
Government
Administrative divisions [time series]
12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonom respublikasi), and 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati, Farg'ona Viloyati, Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan Republic]* (Nukus), Samarqand Viloyati, Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]**, Toshkent Viloyati [Tashkent province], Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch) | note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Capital [time series]
name: Tashkent (Toshkent) | geographic coordinates: 41 19 N, 69 15 E | time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Constitution [time series]
several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992; amended several times, last in 2014 (2014)
Country name [time series]
conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan | conventional short form: Uzbekistan | local long form: O'zbekiston Respublikasi | local short form: O'zbekiston | former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador Pamela SPRATLEN (since 21 January 2015) | embassy: 3 Moyqo'rq'on, 5th Block, Yunusobod District, Tashkent 100093 | mailing address: use embassy street address | telephone: [998] (71) 120-5450 | FAX: [998] (71) 120-6335
Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador Baxtiyor GULOMOV (since 18 July 2013) | chancery: 1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 | telephone: [1] (202) 283-6803 | FAX: [1] (202) 293-6804 | consulate(s) general: New York
Executive branch [time series]
chief of state: President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when elected president by the former Supreme Soviet; first elected president of independent Uzbekistan in 1991) | head of government: Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 11 December 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Rustam AZIMOV (since 2 January 2008) | cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of both chambers of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis) | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term; previously a 5-year term, extended by a 2002 constitutional amendment to 7 years, and reverted to 5 years in 2011); election last held on 29 March 2015 (next to be held in 2020); prime minister, ministers, and deputy ministers appointed by the president | election results: Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV (LDPU) 90.4%, Akmal SAIDOV (Democratic Party of Uzbekistan) 3.1%, Khatamjan KETMANOV (NDP) 2.9%, Nariman UMAROV (Justice Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan) 2.1%, other 1.5%
Flag (Flag description) [time series]
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon (closed side to the hoist) and 12 white stars shifted to the hoist on the top band; blue is the color of the Turkic peoples and of the sky, white signifies peace and the striving for purity in thoughts and deeds, while green represents nature and is the color of Islam; the red stripes are the vital force of all living organisms that links good and pure ideas with the eternal sky and with deeds on earth; the crescent represents Islam and the 12 stars the months and constellations of the Uzbek calendar
Government type [time series]
republic; authoritarian presidential rule with little power outside the executive branch
Independence [time series]
1 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
International law organization participation [time series]
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
International organization participation [time series]
ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Judicial branch [time series]
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 34 judges organized in civil, criminal, and military sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges); Higher Economic Court (consists of 19 judges) | judge selection and term of office: judges of the 3 highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for 5-year terms subject to reappointment | subordinate courts: regional, district, city, and town courts
Legal system [time series]
civil law system
Legislative branch [time series]
description: bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of the Senate (100 seats; 84 members indirectly elected by regional governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms) and the Legislative Chamber or Qonunchilik Palatasi (150 seats; 135 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed and 15 indirectly elected by the Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan; members serve 5-year terms) | note: all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President Islom KARIMOV | elections: last held on 21 December 2014 and 4 January 2015 (next to be held in December 2019) | election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDPU 52, National Rebirth Party 36, NDP 27, Adolat 20, Ecological Movement 15
National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]
name: "O'zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi" (National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan) | lyrics/music: Abdulla ARIPOV/Mutal BURHANOV | note: adopted 1992; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet Republic but adopted new lyrics
National holiday [time series]
Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
National symbol(s) [time series]
khumo (mythical bird); national colors: blue, white, red, green
Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]
Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Ekologik Harakati) [Boriy ALIXONOV] | Justice (Adolat) Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan [Narimon UMAROV] | Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Liberal-Demokratik Partiyasi) or LDPU [Sodiqjon TURDIYEV] | National Rebirth Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Milliy Tiklanish) [Sarvar OTAMURODOV] | People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Xalq Demokratik Partiyas) or NDP [Hotamjon KETMONOV] (formerly Communist Party)
Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]
no significant opposition political parties or pressure groups in Uzbekistan
Suffrage [time series]
18 years of age; universal
Introduction
Background [time series]
Russia conquered the territory of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country has lessened its dependence on the cotton monoculture by diversifying agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base. However, long-serving septuagenarian President Islom KARIMOV, who rose through the ranks of the Soviet-era State Planning Committee (Gosplan), remains wedded to the concepts of a command economy, creating a challenging environment for foreign investment. Current concerns include post-KARIMOV succession, terrorism by Islamic militants, economic stagnation, and the curtailment of human rights and democratization.
Military
Manpower available for military service [time series]
males age 16-49: 7,887,292 | females age 16-49: 7,886,459 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service [time series]
males age 16-49: 6,566,118 | females age 16-49: 6,745,818 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]
male: 306,404 | female: 295,456 (2010 est.)
Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]
Uzbek Armed Forces: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces (2013)
Military service age and obligation [time series]
18 years of age for compulsory military service; 1-month or 1-year conscript service obligation for males; moving toward a professional military, but conscription in some form will continue; the military cannot accommodate everyone who wishes to enlist, and competition for entrance into the military is similar to the competition for admission to universities (2013)
People and Society
Age structure [time series]
0-14 years: 24.56% (male 3,676,029/female 3,496,916) | 15-24 years: 19.92% (male 2,945,837/female 2,869,483) | 25-54 years: 43.46% (male 6,310,206/female 6,379,037) | 55-64 years: 7.17% (male 987,930/female 1,104,347) | 65 years and over: 4.9% (male 610,272/female 819,885) (2015 est.)
Birth rate [time series]
17 births/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 108
Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]
4.4% (2006) | country comparison to the world: 97
Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]
64.9% (2006)
Death rate [time series]
5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 180
Dependency ratios [time series]
total dependency ratio: 49.7% | youth dependency ratio: 42.7% | elderly dependency ratio: 7% | potential support ratio: 14.3% (2015 est.)
Drinking water source [time series]
urban: 98.5% of population | rural: 80.9% of population | total: 87.3% of population | urban: 1.5% of population | rural: 19.1% of population | total: 12.7% of population (2012 est.)
Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]
NA
Ethnic groups [time series]
Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]
0.15% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 104
HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]
2,200 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 55
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]
32,300 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 68
Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]
6.1% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 118
Hospital bed density [time series]
4.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)
Infant mortality rate [time series]
total: 19.2 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 22.78 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 15.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91
Languages [time series]
Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% | note: in the Karakalpakstan Republic, both the Karakalpak language and Uzbek have official status
Life expectancy at birth [time series]
total population: 73.55 years | male: 70.5 years | female: 76.78 years (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 128
Literacy [time series]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 99.6% | male: 99.7% | female: 99.5% (2015 est.)
Major urban areas - population [time series]
TASHKENT (capital) 2.251 million (2015)
Median age [time series]
total: 27.6 years | male: 27.1 years | female: 28.2 years (2015 est.)
Nationality [time series]
noun: Uzbekistani | adjective: Uzbekistani
Net migration rate [time series]
-2.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 173
Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]
14.3% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 119
Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]
2.53 physicians/1,000 population (2013)
Population [time series]
29,199,942 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 45
Population growth rate [time series]
0.93% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 123
Religions [time series]
Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Sanitation facility access [time series]
urban: 100% of population | rural: 100% of population | total: 100% of population | urban: 0% of population | rural: 0% of population | total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]
total: 12 years | male: 12 years | female: 11 years (2011)
Sex ratio [time series]
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female | total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
Total fertility rate [time series]
1.79 children born/woman (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 153
Urbanization [time series]
urban population: 36.4% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international [time series]
prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas
Illicit drugs [time series]
transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan
Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]
stateless persons: 86,703 (2014)
Trafficking in persons [time series]
current situation: Uzbekistan is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; adults and children are victims of government-compelled forced labor during Uzbekistan’s annual cotton harvest, as well as for the construction and cleaning of parks; the government in 2013 for the first time cooperated with the ILO to monitor the cotton harvest for compliance with the Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention; the ILO recorded 53 violations but concluded that forced child labor was not used on a systematic basis during the 2013 cotton harvest; Uzbekistani women and children are sex trafficked domestically and in countries in Central Asia, the Middle East, Asia, and Europe; Uzbekistani men and women are subjected to forced labor in Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Russia, the UAE, Malaysia, and, to a lesser extent, Ukraine in domestic service, agriculture, construction, and the oil industry | tier rating: Tier 3 – Uzbekistan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government in 2013 did not openly acknowledge forced labor in the cotton sector, which remained prevalent, but it took an encouraging step in allowing the ILO to monitor the cotton harvest for forced child labor; authorities continued to address transnational sex and labor trafficking, implementing anti-trafficking awareness campaigns; the government operated a shelter to help sex and labor trafficking victims and strengthened its ties with NGOs to repatriate victims and provide services, although no systematic procedures for assisting trafficking victims were in place; NGOs unaffiliated with the government faced additional scrutiny in 2013, hampering their efforts to protect victims (2014)
Transportation
Airports [time series]
53 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 89
Airports - with paved runways [time series]
total: 33 | over 3,047 m: 6 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 13 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 | 914 to 1,523 m: 4 | under 914 m: 4 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]
total: 20 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 | 18 (2013)
Pipelines [time series]
gas 10,401 km; oil 944 km (2013)
Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]
river port(s): Termiz (Amu Darya)
Railways [time series]
total: 3,645 km | broad gauge: 3,645 km 1.520-m gauge (620 km electrified) (2014) | country comparison to the world: 40
Roadways [time series]
total: 86,496 km | paved: 75,511 km | unpaved: 10,985 km (2000) | country comparison to the world: 52
Waterways [time series]
1,100 km (2012) | country comparison to the world: 62