Airports [time series]

NA

Civil air [time series]

NA

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

78,400 km total (1990); 67,000 km hard-surfaced, 11,400 km earth

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

NA km

Pipelines [time series]

NA

Ports [time series]

none - landlocked

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

3,460 km all 1.520-meter gauge (includes NA km electrified); does not include industrial lines (1990)

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

poorly developed; telephone density NA; linked by landline or microwave with CIS member states and by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch to other countries; satellite earth stations - Orbita and INTELSAT (TV receive only)

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard; CIS Forces (Ground, Air and Air Defense)

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$NA, NA% of GDP

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, NA; NA fit for military service; NA reach military age (18) annually

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

cotton, with much smaller production of grain, fruits, vegetables, and livestock

Budget [time series]

revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

as of May 1992, retaining ruble as currency

Economic aid [time series]

$NA

Electricity [time series]

11,400,000 kW capacity; 54,100 million kWh produced, 2,662 kWh per capita (1991)

Exchange rates [time series]

NA

Exports [time series]

$1.5 billion (1990) commodities: cotton, gold, textiles, chemical and mineral fertilizers, vegetable oil partners: Russia, Ukraine, Eastern Europe

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$2 billion (end of 1991 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power equivalent - $NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate -0.9% (1991)

Illicit drugs [time series]

illicit producers of cannabis and opium; mostly for domestic consumption; status of government eradication programs unknown; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs to Western Europe

Imports [time series]

$3.5 billion (1990) commodities: machinery and parts, consumer durables, grain, other foods partners: principally other former Soviet republics

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 1.8% (1991)

Industries [time series]

chemical and mineral fertilizers, vegetable oil, textiles

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

83% (1991)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Although Uzbekistan accounted for only 3.4% of total Soviet output, it produced two-thirds of the USSR's cotton. Moscow's push for ever-increasing amounts of cotton included massive irrigation projects which caused extensive environmental damage to the Aral Sea and rivers of the republic. Furthermore, the lavish use of chemical fertilizers has caused extensive pollution and widespread health problems. Recently the republic has sought to encourage food production at the expense of cotton. The small industrial sector specializes in such items as agricultural machinery, mineral fertilizers, vegetable oil, and electrical cranes. Uzbekistan also has some important natural resources including gold (about 30% of Soviet production), uranium, and natural gas. The Uzbek government has encouraged land reform but has shied away from other aspects of economic reform.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA

Climate [time series]

mostly mid latitude desert; semiarid grassland in east

Coastline [time series]

0 km note: Uzbekistan does border the Aral Sea (420 km)

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly larger than California

Disputes - international (Disputes) [time series]

none

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts

Area (Land area) [time series]

425,400 km2

Land boundaries [time series]

6,221 km total; Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km

Land use [time series]

NA% arable land; NA% permanent crops; NA% meadows and pastures; NA% forest and woodland; NA% other; includes NA% irrigated

Maritime claims [time series]

none - landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum

Note [time series]

landlocked

Terrain [time series]

mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; Fergana valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west

Area (Total area) [time series]

447,400 km2

Administrative divisions [time series]

11 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast') and 1 autonomous republic* (avtomnaya respublika); Andizhan, Bukhara, Dzhizak, Fergana, Karakalpakstan* (Nukus), Kashkadar'ya (Karshi), Khorezm (Urgench), Namangan, Samarkand, Surkhandar'ya (Termez), Syrdar'ya (Gulistan), Tashkent; note - an administrative division has the same name as its administrative center (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

Capital [time series]

Tashkent (Toshkent)

Political parties (Communists) [time series]

NA

Constitution [time series]

NA

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

NA US: Charge d'Affaires Michael MOZUR; Embassy at Hotel Uzbekistan, ;55 Chelendarskaya, Tashkent (mailing address is APO AE 09862); telephone [8] (011) 7-3712-33-15-74

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

President: last held 29 December 1991 (next to be held NA December 1996); results - Islam KARIMOV 86%, Mukhammad SOLIKH 12%, other 2% Supreme Soviet: last held NA March 1990 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (500 total) Communist 450, ERK 10, other 40

Executive branch [time series]

president

Flag [time series]

three equal horizontal bands - blue (top), white, and green with a crescent moon and 12 stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant

Independence [time series]

31 August 1991 from the Soviet Union; note - formerly Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in the Soviet Union

Judicial branch [time series]

NA

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: President Islam KARIMOV (since 29 December 1991) Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdulhashim MUTALOV (since 13 January 1992)

Legal system [time series]

NA

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Supreme Soviet

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

Republic of Uzbekistan

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

CIS, CSCE, IMF, NACC, UN UNCTAD

National holiday [time series]

NA

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

Birlik (Unity) Abdurakhim PULATOV, chairman; Islamic Renaissance Party, Abdulljon UTAEV, chairman

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (formerly Communist Party), Islam KARIMOV, chairman; ERK, Mukhammad SOLIKH, chairman

Suffrage [time series]

universal at age 18

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

Birth rate [time series]

34 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate [time series]

7 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Uzbek 71%, Russian 8%, Tajik 5%, other 16%; note - includes 70% of Crimean Tatars since their World War II deportation

Infant mortality rate [time series]

65 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

Labor force [time series]

7,941,000; agriculture and forestry 39%, industry and construction 24%, other 37% (1990)

Languages [time series]

Uzbek 85%, Russian 5%, other 10%

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

64 years male, 70 years female (1992)

Literacy [time series]

NA%

Nationality [time series]

noun - Uzbek(s); adjective - Uzbek

Net migration rate [time series]

-2 migrants/1,000 population (1992); note - 179,000 persons left Uzbekistan in 1990

Organized labor [time series]

NA

Population [time series]

21,626,784 (July 1992), growth rate 2.4% (1992)

Religions [time series]

Muslim (mostly Sunnis) 75-80%, other (includes Farsi) 20-25%

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.2 children born/woman (1992)