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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

government controls media; 11 state-owned broadcasters - 7 TV and 4 radio - provide service to virtually the entire country; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast to local markets; privately owned TV stations are required to lease transmitters from the government-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation; about 15 privately owned radio broadcasters are affiliated with the National Association of Electronic Mass Media of Uzbekistan, a government sponsored NGO for private broadcast media

Internet country code [time series]

.uz

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

56,075 (2012) country comparison to the world: 94

Internet users [time series]

4.689 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 50

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: digital exchanges in large cities and in rural areas domestic: the state-owned telecommunications company, Uzbektelecom, owner of the fixed line telecommunications system, has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to upgrade fixed-line services including conversion to digital exchanges; mobile-cellular services are growing rapidly, with the subscriber base reaching 25 million in 2011 international: country code - 998; linked by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; after the completion of the Uzbek link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable, Uzbekistan plans to establish a fiber-optic connection to Afghanistan (2009)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

1.963 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 60

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

20.274 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 48

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock

Budget [time series]

revenues: $16.6 billion expenditures: $16.52 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

0.2% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 43

Current account balance [time series]

$1.807 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 41 $3.812 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$7.342 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 108 $8.382 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

36.8 (2003) country comparison to the world: 79 44.7 (1998)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country; 11% of the land is intensely cultivated, in irrigated river valleys. More than 60% of the population lives in densely populated rural communities. Export of hydrocarbons, primarily natural gas, provided 18.5% of foreign exchange earnings in 2011 and 35.1% in the first nine months of 2012. Other major export earners include gold and cotton. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops, Uzbekistani agriculture remains largely centered around cotton, although production has dropped by 35% since 1991. Uzbekistan is now the world's fifth largest cotton exporter and sixth largest producer. The country is aggressively addressing international criticism for the use of child labor in its cotton harvest. Following independence in September 1991, the government sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. While aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government still sponsors measures that often increase, not decrease, its control over business decisions. A sharp increase in the inequality of income distribution has hurt the lower ranks of society since independence. In 2003, the government accepted Article VIII obligations under the IMF, providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have further stifled economic activity. The Central Bank often delays or restricts convertibility, especially for consumer goods. According to official statistics, Uzbekistan has posted GDP growth of over 8% per year for several years, driven primarily by state-led investments and a favorable export environment. Growth may slip in 2013 as a result of lower export prices due to the continuing European recession. In the past Uzbekistani authorities have accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbekistani tax laws and have frozen their assets, with several new expropriations in 2012. At the same time, the Uzbekistani Government has actively courted several major US and international corporations, offering attractive financing and tax advantages, and has landed a significant US investment in the automotive industry, including the opening of a powertrain manufacturing facility in Tashkent in November 2011. Uzbekistan has seen few effects from the global economic downturn, primarily due to its relative isolation from the global financial markets.

Exchange rates [time series]

Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar - 1,890.1 (2012 est.) 1,716.1 (2011 est.) 1,587.2 (2010 est.) 1,466.7 (2009) 1,317 (2008)

Exports [time series]

$14.38 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 81 $15.03 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

energy products, cotton, gold, mineral fertilizers, ferrous and nonferrous metals, textiles, food products, machinery, automobiles

Exports - partners [time series]

China 21.2%, Kazakhstan 15.9%, Turkey 15.8%, Russia 14.7%, Bangladesh 9.5%, Kyrgyzstan 4% (2012)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$50.42 billion (2012 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$103.8 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 72 $95.9 billion (2011 est.) $88.55 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 55.7% government consumption: 16.6% investment in fixed capital: 23.5% investment in inventories: 4.9% exports of goods and services: 28% imports of goods and services: -30.8% (2012 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 18.9% industry: 32.4% services: 48.7% (2012 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$3,500 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 170 $3,300 (2011 est.) $3,100 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

8.2% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 18 8.3% (2011 est.) 8.5% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 29.6% (2003)

Imports [time series]

$12.06 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 91 $10.51 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, ferrous and nonferrous metals

Imports - partners [time series]

Russia 20.7%, China 16.6%, South Korea 16.4%, Kazakhstan 12.5%, Germany 4.6%, Turkey 4.2%, Ukraine 4% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

7.7% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 30

Industries [time series]

textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

11.4% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 205 12.8% (2011 est.) note: official data; based on independent analysis of consumer prices, inflation reached 22% in 2012

Labor force [time series]

16.73 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 38

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 25.9% industry: 13.2% services: 60.9% (2012 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA (31 December 2012) country comparison to the world: 109 $715.3 million (31 December 2006)

Population below poverty line [time series]

17% (2011 est.)

Public debt [time series]

6.2% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 148 8.1% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$16 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 63 $15 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$8.31 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 112 $7.197 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$NA

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$7.244 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 106 $6.546 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$5.994 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 94 $5.105 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

32.9% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 80

Unemployment rate [time series]

4.9% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 41 4.3% (2011 est.) note: officially measured by the Ministry of Labor, plus another 20% underemployed

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

115.9 million Mt (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 38

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 200

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 135

Crude oil - production [time series]

102,600 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 49

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

594 million bbl (1 January 2013 es) country comparison to the world: 48

Electricity - consumption [time series]

44.51 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 51

Electricity - exports [time series]

12.09 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 18

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

85.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 88

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

14.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 102

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 196

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 134

Electricity - imports [time series]

12 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 16

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

11.6 million kW (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 51

Electricity - production [time series]

52.53 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 49

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

46.8 billion cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 18

Natural gas - exports [time series]

13.4 billion cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 22

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

Natural gas - production [time series]

62.9 billion cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 13

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

1.841 trillion cu m (1 January 2013 es) country comparison to the world: 20

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

137,100 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 71

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

4,968 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 90

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

655.9 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 200

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

92,300 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 77

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 447,400 sq km country comparison to the world: 57 land: 425,400 sq km water: 22,000 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly larger than California

Climate [time series]

mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east

Coastline [time series]

0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Sariqamish Kuli -12 m highest point: Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

shrinkage of the Aral Sea has resulted in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification and respiratory health problems; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 56 cu km/yr (7%/3%/90%) per capita: 2,113 cu m/yr (2005)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

41 00 N, 64 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world

Irrigated land [time series]

41,980 sq km (2005)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 6,221 km border countries: Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 9.61% permanent crops: 0.8% other: 89.58% (2011)

Location [time series]

Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan

Map references [time series]

Asia

Maritime claims [time series]

none (doubly landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

Natural resources [time series]

natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum

Terrain [time series]

mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west

Total renewable water resources [time series]

48.87 cu km (2011)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (respublika), and 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati, Farg'ona Viloyati, Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan Republic]* (Nukus), Samarqand Viloyati, Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]**, Toshkent Viloyati [Tashkent province], Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch) note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

Capital [time series]

name: Tashkent (Toshkent) geographic coordinates: 41 19 N, 69 15 E time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992; amended several times, last in 2012 (2012)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan conventional short form: Uzbekistan local long form: O'zbekiston Respublikasi local short form: O'zbekiston former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador George KROL (since 10 June 2011) embassy: 3 Moyqo'rq'on, 5th Block, Yunusobod District, Tashkent 100093 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [998] (71) 120-5450 FAX: [998] (71) 120-6335

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Baxtiyor GULOMOV (since 12 July 2013) chancery: 1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 887-5300 FAX: [1] (202) 293-6804 consulate(s) general: New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when he was elected president by the then Supreme Soviet; elected president of independent Uzbekistan in 1991) head of government: Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 11 December 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Rustam AZIMOV (since 2 January 2008) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of both chambers of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis) (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term; previously was a five-year term, extended by a 2002 constitutional amendment to seven years and changed back to five years in 2011); election last held on 23 December 2007 (next to be held in early 2015); prime minister, ministers, and deputy ministers appointed by the president election results: Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV 88.1%, Asliddin RUSTAMOV 3.2%, Dilorom TOSHMUHAMEDOVA 2.9%, Akmal SAIDOV 2.6%, other 3.2%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon (closed side to the hoist) and 12 white stars shifted to the hoist on the top band; blue is the color of the Turkic peoples and of the sky, white signifies peace and the striving for purity in thoughts and deeds, while green represents nature and is the color of Islam; the red stripes are the vital force of all living organisms that links good and pure ideas with the eternal sky and with deeds on earth; the crescent represents Islam and the 12 stars the months and constellations of the Uzbek calendar

Government type [time series]

republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch

Independence [time series]

1 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation [time series]

ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 34 judges organized in civil, criminal, and military sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges); Higher Economic Court (consists of 19 judges) judge selection and term of office: judges of the 3 highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for 5-year terms subject to reappointment subordinate courts: regional, district, city, and town courts

Legal system [time series]

civil law system

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of an upper house or Senate (100 seats; 84 members elected by regional governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; members to serve five-year terms) and a lower house or Legislative Chamber (Qonunchilik Palatasi) (150 seats; 135 members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, while 15 spots reserved for the Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan) elections: last held on 27 December 2009 and 10 January 2010 (next to be held in December 2014) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDPU 53, NDP 32, National Rebirth Party 31, Adolat 19 note: all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President Islom KARIMOV

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "O'zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi" (National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan)

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 1 September (1991)

National symbol(s) [time series]

khumo (mythical bird)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Ekologik Harakati) [Boriy ALIXONOV] Justice (Adolat) Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan [Ismoil SAIFNAZAROV] Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Liberal-Demokratik Partiyasi) or LDPU [Muhamadyusuf TESHABOYEV] National Rebirth Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Milliy Tiklanish) [Akhtam TURSUNOV] People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Xalq Demokratik Partiyas) or NDP [Lativ GULYAMOV] (formerly Communist Party)

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

there are no significant opposition political parties or pressure groups operating in Uzbekistan

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Russia conquered the territory of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country seeks to gradually lessen its dependence on the cotton monoculture by diversifying agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum reserves and increasing its manufacturing base. Current concerns include terrorism by Islamic militants, economic stagnation, and the curtailment of human rights and democratization.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 7,887,292 females age 16-49: 7,886,459 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 6,566,118 females age 16-49: 6,745,818 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 306,404 female: 295,456 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Uzbek Armed Forces: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces (2013)

Military expenditures [time series]

3.5% of GDP (2010) country comparison to the world: 34

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for compulsory military service; 1-year conscript service obligation; moving toward a professional military, but conscription will continue; the military cannot accommodate everyone who wishes to enlist, and competition for entrance into the military is similar to the competition for admission to universities (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 25.3% (male 3,718,802/female 3,539,436) 15-24 years: 21.1% (male 3,062,438/female 2,990,299) 25-54 years: 42.5% (male 6,043,922/female 6,128,173) 55-64 years: 6.4% (male 861,590/female 965,635) 65 years and over: 4.7% (male 576,908/female 774,434) (2013 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

17.2 births/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 111

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

4.4% (2006) country comparison to the world: 95

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

64.9% (2006)

Death rate [time series]

5.29 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 181

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 49 % youth dependency ratio: 42.6 % elderly dependency ratio: 6.4 % potential support ratio: 15.7 (2013)

Drinking water source [time series]

improved: urban: 98% of population rural: 81% of population total: 87% of population unimproved: urban: 2% of population rural: 19% of population total: 13% of population (2010 est.)

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

Ethnic groups [time series]

Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 138

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

fewer than 500 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 82

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

28,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 69

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

5.4% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 123

Hospital bed density [time series]

4.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 20.51 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 91 male: 24.32 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

Languages [time series]

Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 73.03 years country comparison to the world: 125 male: 70 years female: 76.25 years (2013 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.4% male: 99.6% female: 99.2% (2011 est.)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

TASHKENT (capital) 2.201 million (2009)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

28 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 127

Median age [time series]

total: 26.6 years male: 26.1 years female: 27.2 years (2013 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

23.8 (2006 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Uzbekistani adjective: Uzbekistani

Net migration rate [time series]

-2.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 171

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

15.1% (2008) country comparison to the world: 119

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

2.54 physicians/1,000 population (2010)

Population [time series]

28,661,637 (July 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 45

Population growth rate [time series]

0.94% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 122

Religions [time series]

Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population (2010 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 12 years male: 12 years female: 11 years (2011)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.83 children born/woman (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 150

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 36.2% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 1.27% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas

Illicit drugs [time series]

transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

IDPs: undetermined (government forcibly relocated an estimated 3,400 people from villages near the Tajikistan border in 2000-2001; no new data is available) (2012)

Trafficking in persons [time series]

current situation: Uzbekistan is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking; adults and children are victims of government-organized forced labor during Uzbekistan's annual cotton harvest; some Uzbekistani adults are subjected to forced labor in Kazakhstan, Russia, and, to a much lesser extent, Ukraine in domestic service, agriculture, and the construction and oil industries; Uzbekistani women and children, lured with fraudulent job offers, are sex trafficked to countries in Central Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and Asia; small numbers of Tajikistani and Kyrgyzstani victims have been identified in Uzbekistan tier rating: Tier 3 - Uzbekistan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and because it is not deemed to be making significant efforts to do so, it was downgraded to Tier 3 after the maximum of two consecutive annual waivers; the government has identified an increased number of sex and transnational labor trafficking victims; for the first time a decree was implemented banning the forced labor of children under the age of 15 in the annual cotton harvest, but government-organized forced labor of adults and older children contines in the cotton and reportedly other sectors; Uzbekistan does not have a systematic process to proactively identify trafficking victims and refer them to protective services (2013)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

53 (2013) country comparison to the world: 89

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 33 over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 13 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 4 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 20 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 under 914 m: 18 (2013)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 10,401 km; oil 944 km (2013)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Termiz (Amu Darya)

Railways [time series]

total: 3,645 km country comparison to the world: 48 broad gauge: 3,645 km 1.520-m gauge (620 km electrified) (2008)

Roadways [time series]

total: 86,496 km country comparison to the world: 53 paved: 75,511 km unpaved: 10,985 km (2000)

Waterways [time series]

1,100 km (2012) country comparison to the world: 63