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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

public TV broadcaster operates 3 national channels and a satellite network; 5 privately owned TV channels broadcast nationally using terrestrial transmitters and about 15 broadcast on national level via satellite; roughly 75 local commercial TV stations; large number of cable operators offering domestic and international programming; public radio broadcaster operates over multiple stations; 3 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationally; about 70 local commercial radio stations (2012)

Internet country code [time series]

.mk

Internet users [time series]

1.1 million | 51.1% (2009) | country comparison to the world: 121

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 1, FM 68, shortwave 0 (2009)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: competition from the mobile-cellular segment of the telecommunications market has led to a drop in fixed-line telephone subscriptions | domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership about 130 per 100 persons | international: country code - 389 (2012)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 390,000 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 19 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total: 2.3 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 110 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 147

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

76 (2009)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

grapes, tobacco, vegetables, fruits; milk, eggs

Budget [time series]

revenues: $2.89 billion | expenditures: $3.328 billion (2014 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-4% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 144

Central bank discount rate [time series]

3.25% (31 December 2014) | 3.25% (31 December 2013) | note: series discontinued in January 2010; the discount rate has been replaced by a referent rate for calculating the penalty rate | country comparison to the world: 104

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

5.2% (31 December 2014 est.) | 5.4% (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 114

Current account balance [time series]

-$151 million (2014 est.) | -$194.1 million (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 100

Debt - external [time series]

$7.241 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $7.194 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 114

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

43.6 (2013) | 39.2 (2011) | country comparison to the world: 65

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Since its independence in 1991, Macedonia has made progress in liberalizing its economy and improving its business environment, but has lagged the Balkan region in attracting foreign investment. Corruption and weak rule of law remain significant problems. Some businesses complain of opaque regulations and unequal enforcement of the law. Unemployment has remained consistently high at more than 30% since 2008, but may be overstated based on the existence of an extensive gray market, estimated to be between 20% and 45% of GDP, which is not captured by official statistics. Macedonia’s economy is closely linked to Europe as a customer for exports and source of investment, and has suffered as a result of prolonged weakness in the euro zone. Macedonia maintained macroeconomic stability through the global financial crisis by conducting prudent monetary policy, which keeps the domestic currency pegged against the euro, and by limiting fiscal deficits. The government has been loosening fiscal policy, however, and the budget deficit was 4.2% of GDP in both 2013 and 2014. Public debt at the end of 2014 was 45.8%, which although low by regional comparison, is significant for a small economy.

Exchange rates [time series]

Macedonian denars (MKD) per US dollar - | 50.56 (2014 est.) | 44.63 (2013 est.) | 47.89 (2012 est.) | 44.23 (2011 est.) | 46.49 (2010 est.)

Exports [time series]

$4.934 billion (2014 est.) | $4.267 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 128

Exports - commodities [time series]

foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco; textiles, miscellaneous manufactures, iron, steel; automotive parts

Exports - partners [time series]

Germany 41.4%, Bulgaria 6.6%, Italy 6.1%, Serbia 5.2%, Kosovo 4.7%, Greece 4.6% (2014 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$11.34 billion (2014 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$27.62 billion (2014 est.) | $26.62 billion (2013 est.) | $25.93 billion (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars; Macedonia has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data | country comparison to the world: 130

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 8.8% | industry: 21.3% | services: 69.9% (2014 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$13,300 (2014 est.) | $12,900 (2013 est.) | $12,500 (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 112

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

3.8% (2014 est.) | 2.7% (2013 est.) | -0.5% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 92

Gross national saving [time series]

29.2% of GDP (2014 est.) | 26.7% of GDP (2013 est.) | 26% of GDP (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 63

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2.2% | highest 10%: 34.5% (2009 est.)

Imports [time series]

$7.277 billion (2014 est.) | $6.6 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 122

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, automobiles, chemicals, fuels, food products

Imports - partners [time series]

UK 12.3%, Germany 11.1%, Greece 9.2%, Serbia 8.2%, Italy 6.2%, China 5.9%, Bulgaria 5.3%, Turkey 5.1% (2014)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

4.8% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91

Industries [time series]

food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, iron, steel, cement, energy, pharmaceuticals, automotive parts

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

-0.1% (2014 est.) | 2.8% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 26

Labor force [time series]

961,400 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 147

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 18.3% | industry: 29.1% | services: 52.6% (2014 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$2.084 billion (31 December 2014) | $2.302 billion (31 December 2013) | $2.423 billion (31 December 2012) | country comparison to the world: 99

Population below poverty line [time series]

30.4% (2011 est.)

Public debt [time series]

45.8% of GDP (2014 est.) | 40.5% of GDP (2013 est.) | note: official data from Ministry of Finance; data cover central government debt; this data excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; includes treasury debt held by foreign entitites; excludes debt issued by sub-national entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; there are no debt instruments sold for social funds | country comparison to the world: 116

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$2.958 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $2.747 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 112

Stock of broad money [time series]

$6.129 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $6.282 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 123

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$758 million (31 December 2014 est.) | $744 million (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 81

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$5.063 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $4.714 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 32

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$5.055 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $5.208 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$1.692 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $1.569 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 140

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

26.5% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 88

Unemployment rate [time series]

28.5% (2014 est.) | 29% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 178

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

8.084 million Mt (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 111

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2014) | country comparison to the world: 153

Crude oil - imports [time series]

146 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 56

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 164

Electricity - consumption [time series]

6.96 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 101

Electricity - exports [time series]

112.9 million kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 85

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

64.5% of total installed capacity (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 119

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

33% of total installed capacity (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 66

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 138

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

2.6% of total installed capacity (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 92

Electricity - imports [time series]

3.073 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 54

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

2.011 million kW (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 106

Electricity - production [time series]

4.569 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 118

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

134.7 million cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 104

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2014) | country comparison to the world: 143

Natural gas - imports [time series]

134.7 million cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 73

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2014) | country comparison to the world: 165

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

15,070 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 140

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

2,616 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 88

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

17,950 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 134

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

1 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 97

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 25,713 sq km | land: 25,433 sq km | water: 280 sq km | country comparison to the world: 150

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly larger than Vermont

Climate [time series]

warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Vardar River 50 m | highest point: Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,764 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

air pollution from metallurgical plants

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 1.03 cu km/yr (21%/67%/12%) | per capita: 502 cu m/yr (2007)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

41 50 N, 22 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe

Irrigated land [time series]

1,278 sq km (2004)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 838 km | border countries (5): Albania 181 km, Bulgaria 162 km, Greece 234 km, Kosovo 160 km, Serbia 101 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 44.3% | arable land 16.4%; permanent crops 1.4%; permanent pasture 26.5% | forest: 39.8% | other: 15.9% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Southeastern Europe, north of Greece

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

high seismic risks

Natural resources [time series]

low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land

Terrain [time series]

mountainous with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River

Total renewable water resources [time series]

6.4 cu km (2011)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

70 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina) and 1 city* (grad); Aracinovo, Berovo, Bitola, Bogdanci, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Caska, Centar Zupa, Cesinovo-Oblesevo, Cucer Sandevo, Debar, Debarca, Delcevo, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dojran, Dolneni, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Gradsko, Ilinden, Jegunovce, Karbinci, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Konce, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovo i Rostusa, Mogila, Negotino, Novaci, Novo Selo, Ohrid, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnica, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Skopje*, Sopiste, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vrapciste, Zelenikovo, Zelino, Zrnovci

Capital [time series]

name: Skopje | geographic coordinates: 42 00 N, 21 26 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Constitution [time series]

several previous; latest adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991; amended several times, last in 2011 (2011)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Macedonia | conventional short form: Macedonia | local long form: Republika Makedonija | local short form: Makedonija | note: the provisional designation used by the UN, EU, and NATO is the "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) | former: People's Republic of Macedonia, Socialist Republic of Macedonia

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Jess L. BAILY (since 12 February 2015) | embassy: Str. Samolilova, Nr. 21, 1000 Skopje | mailing address: American Embassy Skopje, US Department of State, 7120 Skopje Place, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch) | telephone: [389] (2) 310-2000 | FAX: [389] (2) 310-2499

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Vasko NAUMOVSKI (since 18 November 2014) | chancery: 2129 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 667-0501 | FAX: [1] (202) 667-2131 | consulate(s) general: Chicago, Detroit, New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Gjorge IVANOV (since 12 May 2009) | head of government: Prime Minister Nikola GRUEVSKI (since 26 August 2006) | cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the Assembly by simple majority vote; note - current cabinet formed by the government coalition parties VMRO-DPMNE, DUI, and several small parties | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 13 and 27 April 2014 (next to be held in 2019); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by the Assembly | election results: Gjorge IVANOV reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Gjorge IVANOV (independent) 55.3%, Stevo PENDAROVSKI (SDSM) 41.1%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

a yellow sun (the Sun of Liberty) with eight broadening rays extending to the edges of the red field; the red and yellow colors have long been associated with Macedonia

Government type [time series]

parliamentary democracy

Independence [time series]

8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters endorsed independence from Yugoslavia)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (candidate country), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consist of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial Council, a 7-member body of legal professionals, and appointed by the Assembly; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the legislature for nonrenewable, 9-year terms | subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Basic Courts

Legal system [time series]

civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

description: unicameral Assembly or Sobranie (123 seats; 120 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 3 directly elected in diaspora constituencies worldwide by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) | elections: last held on 27 April 2014 (next to be held on 24 April 2016); note - election has been moved up because of political unrest | election results: percent of vote by party - VMRO-DPMNE 43.0%, SDSM 25.3%, DUI 13.7%, DPA 5.9%, GROM 2.8%, NDR 1.6%, other 4.3%, invalid 3.4%; seats by party - VMRO-DPMNE 61, SDSM 34, DUI 19, DPA 7, GROM 1, NDR 1

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Denes nad Makedonija" (Today Over Macedonia) | lyrics/music: Vlado MALESKI/Todor SKALOVSKI | note: adopted 1991; written in 1943, the song previously served as the anthem of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia while part of Yugoslavia

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 8 September (1991); also known as National Day

National symbol(s) [time series]

eight-rayed sun; national colors: red, yellow

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Citizens Option for Macedonia or GROM [Stevco JAKIMOVSKI] | Democratic Party of Albanians or DPA [Menduh THACI] | Democratic Union for Integration or DUI [Ali AHMETI] | Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Nikola GRUEVSKI] | National Democratic Revival or NDR [Vesel MEMEDI] | Social Democratic Union of Macedonia or SDSM [Zoran ZAEV] | note: during the 2014 parliamentary elections VMRO-DPMNE, SDSM, and GROM each led coalitions

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Federation of Free Trade Unions [Mirjana ANDREVSKA] | Federation of Trade Unions [Zivko MITREVSKI] | Trade Union of Education, Science and Culture or SONK [Jakim NEDELKOV] | Student Plenum | Eco Guerilla [Arianit XHAFERI]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991. Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols delayed international recognition, which occurred under the provisional designation of "the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia." In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, but the issue of the name remained unresolved and negotiations for a solution are ongoing. Since 2004, the US and over 130 other nations have recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia. Ethnic Albanian grievances over perceived political and economic inequities escalated into an insurgency in 2001 that eventually led to the internationally brokered Ohrid Framework Agreement, which ended the fighting and established guidelines for constitutional amendments and the creation of new laws that enhanced the rights of minorities. Although Macedonia became an EU candidate in 2005, the country still faces challenges, including fully implementing the Framework Agreement, resolving the outstanding name dispute with Greece, improving relations with Bulgaria, halting democratic backsliding, bolstering independence of the judiciary and media freedom, and stimulating economic growth and development. Macedonia's membership in NATO was blocked by Greece at the Alliance's Summit of Bucharest in 2008.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 532,196 | females age 16-49: 511,964 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 443,843 | females age 16-49: 426,251 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 16,144 | female: 14,920 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army of the Republic of Macedonia (ARM; includes General Staff and subordinate Joint Operational Command, Training and Doctrine Command, Special Operations Regiment) (2012)

Military expenditures [time series]

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2008 (2013)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 17.48% (male 189,719/female 176,751) | 15-24 years: 13.88% (male 150,048/female 140,834) | 25-54 years: 43.69% (male 464,811/female 450,914) | 55-64 years: 12.21% (male 125,327/female 130,617) | 65 years and over: 12.74% (male 114,357/female 152,637) (2015 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

11.55 births/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 170

Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]

total number: 16,782 | percentage: 6% (2005 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

1.3% (2011) | country comparison to the world: 128

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

40.2% (2011)

Death rate [time series]

9.08 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 67

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 41.4% | youth dependency ratio: 24% | elderly dependency ratio: 17.4% | potential support ratio: 5.7% (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Ethnic groups [time series]

Macedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.9%, Roma (Gypsy) 2.7%, Serb 1.8%, other 2.2% (2002 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.01% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 131

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

fewer than 100 (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 106

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

200 (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 126

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

6.4% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 79

Hospital bed density [time series]

4.5 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 7.7 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 7.96 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 7.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 156

Languages [time series]

Macedonian (official) 66.5%, Albanian (official) 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 est.)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 76.02 years | male: 73.44 years | female: 78.79 years (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 90

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 97.8% | male: 98.8% | female: 96.8% (2015 est.)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

SKOPJE (capital) 503,000 (2015)

Median age [time series]

total: 37.2 years | male: 36.1 years | female: 38.3 years (2015 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Macedonian(s) | adjective: Macedonian

Net migration rate [time series]

-0.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 135

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

20.8% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 92

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

2.62 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Population [time series]

2,096,015 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 147

Population growth rate [time series]

0.2% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 184

Religions [time series]

Macedonian Orthodox 64.8%, Muslim 33.3%, other Christian 0.4%, other and unspecified 1.5% (2002 est.)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 13 years | male: 13 years | female: 14 years (2012)

Sex ratio [time series]

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.6 children born/woman (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 180

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 53.9% | male: 55.2% | female: 51.7% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 4

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 57.1% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Kosovo and Macedonia completed demarcation of their boundary in September 2008; Greece continues to reject the use of the name Macedonia or Republic of Macedonia

Illicit drugs [time series]

major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; although not a financial center and most criminal activity is thought to be domestic, money laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

stateless persons: 741 (2014)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

10 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 155

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 8 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 | under 914 m: 6 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 2 | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 | 1 (2013)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 268 km; oil 120 km (2013)

Railways [time series]

total: 699 km | standard gauge: 699 km 1.435-m gauge (223 km electrified) (2014) | country comparison to the world: 101

Roadways [time series]

total: 14,182 km (includes 242 km of expressways) | paved: 9,633 km | unpaved: 4,549 km (2014) | country comparison to the world: 124

North Macedonia