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Communications

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 6, FM 2, shortwave 0

Radios [time series]

369,000 (1992 est.)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

domestic: NA international: NA

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones) [time series]

125,000

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

5 (relays 2)

Televisions [time series]

327,011 (1992 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton

Budget [time series]

revenues : $1.06 billion expenditures: $1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1996 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 Macedonian denar (MKD) = 100 deni

Debt - external [time series]

$1.2 billion (1996 est.)

Economic aid [time series]

recipient: ODA, $NA note: US, $10 million (for humanitarian and technical assistance); in December 1995, the EU agreed to provide a credit line of ECU 21.7 million for investment projects

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, although the poorest republic in the former Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and energy needs through its own agricultural and coal resources. The economy slowly rebounded in 1996 after years of recession. Continued recovery depends on Macedonia's ability to redevelop trade ties with Greece and Serbia and Montenegro; as well as on Skopje's continued commitment to economic liberalization. The economy depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and most of its modern machinery and parts. An important supplement of GDP is the remittances from thousands of Macedonians working in Germany and other West European nations.

Electricity - capacity [time series]

1.38 million kW (1994)

Electricity - consumption per capita [time series]

2,408 kWh (1995 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

5.22 billion kWh (1994)

Exchange rates [time series]

denar per US$1 - 40.5 (September 1996), 38.8 (December 1995), 39 (November 1994), 865 (October 1992)

Exports [time series]

total value: $900 million (1996 est.) commodities: food, beverage, tobacco 17.0%, machinery and transport equipment 13.3%, other manufactured goods 58% partners : Bulgaria, other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Italy

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $2 billion (1996 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 24% industry: 44% services : 32%

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $960 (1996 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

1.1% (1996 est.)

Imports [time series]

total value: $1.4 billion (1996 est.) commodities: machinery and equipment 19%, chemicals 14%, fuels 12% partners: other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Bulgaria, Italy, Austria

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

3.4% (1996 est.)

Industries [time series]

coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco

Inflation rate (consumer prices) (Inflation rate - consumer price index) [time series]

5% (1996 est.)

Labor force [time series]

total: 591,773 (June 1994) by occupation: manufacturing and mining 40% (1992)

Unemployment rate [time series]

38% (1996 est.); note - many employed workers are, in fact, furloughees

Geography

Area [time series]

total : 25,333 sq km land: 24,856 sq km water: 477 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly larger than Vermont

Climate [time series]

hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point : Vardar River 50 m highest point: Korab 2,753 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

air pollution from metallurgical plants

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified : none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

41 50 N, 22 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe

Irrigated land [time series]

830 sq km (1993 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 748 km border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km (all with Serbia)

Land use [time series]

arable land: 24% permanent crops : 2% permanent pastures: 25% forests and woodland: 39% other: 10% (1993 est.)

Location [time series]

Southeastern Europe, north of Greece

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

high seismic risks

Natural resources [time series]

chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur, timber

Terrain [time series]

mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

34 counties (opstinas, singular - opstina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar, Delcevo, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Murgasevo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica note: in September 1996, the Macedonian Parliament passed legislation changing the territorial division of the country; names of the 123 new municipalities are not yet available

Constitution [time series]

adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991

Country name [time series]

conventional long form : The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia conventional short form: none local long form: Republika Makedonija local short form: Makedonija abbreviation: FYROM

Data code [time series]

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher Robert HILL (18 July 1996) embassy: Ilindenska BB, 9100 Skopje mailing address: American Embassy Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch) telephone : [389] (91) 116-180

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Ljubica Z. ACEVSKA chancery: 3050 K Street, NW, Suite 210, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 337 3063

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991) head of government: Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 4 September 1992) cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Assembly; note - after the withdrawal of the Liberal Party (LP) from the ruling coalition in early 1996, the Council of Ministers was reorganized without LP participation elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held NA 1999) election results: Kiro GLIGOROV elected president; percent of vote - NA

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[1] (202) 337 3093

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[389] (91) 117-103

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

a rising yellow sun with 8 rays extending to the edges of the red field

Government type [time series]

emerging democracy

Independence [time series]

17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

International organization participation [time series]

CCC, CE, CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NACC, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)

Judicial branch [time series]

Constitutional Court, judges are elected by the Judicial Council; Judicial Court of the Republic, judges are elected by the Judicial Council

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Assembly or Sobranje (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 16 and 30 October 1994 (next to be held NA November 1998) election results : percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SDSM 58, LP 29, SP 8, PDP 10, NDP 4, independents 7, other 4; note - since October 1994 elections, some members of the Assembly have changed their party affiliation; the seating as of January 1997 is as follows: SDSM 61, LP 27, SP 6, PDP 11, NDP 2, PDPA 5, independents 3, other 5

Capital (National capital) [time series]

Skopje

National holiday [time series]

8 September

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia or SDSM (former Communist Party) [Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PDP [Abdurahman ALITI, president]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Ilijas HALIMI, president]; Liberal Party or LP [Stojan ANDOV, president]; Socialist Party of Macedonia or SP [Ljubislav IVANOV-ZINGO, president]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Ljupco GEORGIEVSKI, president]; Democratic Party or DP [Petar GOSEV, president]; Party for Democratic Prosperity of Albanians or PDPA [Arben XHAFFERI, president]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Movement for All Macedonian Action or MAAK; Democratic Party of Serbs; Democratic Party of Turks; Party for Democratic Action (Slavic Muslim)

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Military

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Police Force

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

7 billion denars (1993 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

NA%

Military manpower - availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 532,578 (1997 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service [time series]

males: 429,419 (1997 est.)

Military manpower - military age [time series]

19 years of age

Military manpower - reaching military age annually [time series]

males: 16,468 (1997 est.)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 24% (male 245,923; female 231,621) 15-64 years: 67% (male 670,535; female 665,556) 65 years and over : 9% (male 82,285; female 99,939) (July 1997 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

15.88 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)

Death rate [time series]

8.13 deaths/1,000 population (1997 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Macedonian 65%, Albanian 22%, Turkish 4%, Serb 2%, Gypsies 3%, other 4%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

20.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)

Languages [time series]

Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population : 72.48 years male: 70.41 years female: 74.71 years (1997 est.)

Literacy [time series]

Nationality [time series]

noun: Macedonian(s) adjective: Macedonian

Net migration rate [time series]

-1.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)

Population [time series]

1,995,859 (July 1997 est.) note: the Macedonian government census of July 1994 put the population at 1.94 million, but ethnic allocations were likely undercounted

Population growth rate [time series]

0.68% (1997 est.)

Religions [time series]

Eastern Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over : 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (1997 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

2.07 children born/woman (1997 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

dispute with Greece over name; in September 1995, Skopje and Athens signed an interim accord resolving their dispute over symbols and certain constitutional provisions; Athens also lifted its economic embargo on the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; Albanians in Macedonia claim discrimination in education, access to public-sector jobs and representation in government

Illicit drugs [time series]

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine MADAGASCAR

Transportation

Airports [time series]

16 (1996 est.)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 14 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 under 914 m: 12 (1996 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (1996 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 8,532 km paved: 5,401 km (including 133 km of expressways) unpaved: 3,131 km (1995 est.)

Pipelines [time series]

0 km

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

none

Railways [time series]

total: 699 km standard gauge: 699 km 1.435-m gauge (232 km electrified) (1995)

Waterways [time series]

none, lake transport only

North Macedonia