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Communications

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 6, FM 2, shortwave 0

Radios [time series]

350,000 (1992 est.)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

domestic: NA international: NA

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones) [time series]

125,000

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

136 (of which 22 are main stations and 114 are low-power stations) (1997)

Televisions [time series]

327,011 (1992 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture--products) [time series]

rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton

Budget [time series]

revenues: $1.06 billion expenditures: $1 billion, including capital expenditures of $107 million (1996 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 Macedonian denar (MKD) = 100 deni

Debt - external (Debt--external) [time series]

$1.06 billion (June 1997)

Economic aid (Economic aid--recipient) [time series]

ODA, $100 million (1996 est.)

Economic overview (Economy--overview) [time series]

The breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991 deprived Macedonia, its poorest republic, of key protected markets and large transfer payments from the center. Worker remittances and foreign aid have softened the subsequent volatile recovery period. Continued recovery depends on Macedonia's ability to attract investment, to redevelop trade ties with Greece and Serbia and Montenegro, and to maintain its commitment to economic liberalization. The economy can meet its basic food needs but depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and most of its modern machinery and parts.

Electricity - consumption (Electricity--consumption) [time series]

6.06 billion kWh (1996)

Electricity - exports (Electricity--exports) [time series]

0 kWh (1996)

Electricity - imports (Electricity--imports) [time series]

0 kWh (1996)

Electricity - production (Electricity--production) [time series]

6.06 billion kWh (1996)

Electricity - production by source (Electricity--production by source) [time series]

fossil fuel: 80.2% hydro: 19.8% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1996)

Exchange rates [time series]

denars per US$1--52.156 (January 1999), 54.462 (1998), 50.004 (1997), 39.981 (1996), 37.882 (1995), 43.263 (1994)

Exports [time series]

$1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1997)

Exports - commodities (Exports--commodities) [time series]

food, beverages, tobacco 17.0%, machinery and transport equipment 13.3%, other manufactured goods 58%

Exports - partners (Exports--partners) [time series]

Bulgaria, other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Italy

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity--$2.1 billion (1998 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP--composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 20.4% industry: 38.6% services: 41% (1995 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP--per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity?$1,050 (1998 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP--real growth rate) [time series]

4.5% (1998 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports [time series]

$1.6 billion (c.i.f., 1997)

Imports - commodities (Imports--commodities) [time series]

machinery and equipment 19%, chemicals 14%, fuels 12%

Imports - partners (Imports--partners) [time series]

other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Bulgaria, Italy, Austria

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

3.4% (1997 est.)

Industries [time series]

coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

3% (1998 est.)

Labor force [time series]

591,773 (June 1994)

Labor force - by occupation (Labor force--by occupation) [time series]

manufacturing and mining 40% (1992)

Population below poverty line [time series]

NA%

Unemployment rate [time series]

30% (1998 est.); note--many employed workers are, in fact, furloughees

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 25,333 sq km land: 24,856 sq km water: 477 sq km

Area - comparative (Area--comparative) [time series]

slightly larger than Vermont

Climate [time series]

warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Vardar River 50 m highest point: Golem Korab (Majae Korabit) 2,753 m

Environment - current issues (Environment--current issues) [time series]

air pollution from metallurgical plants

International environmental agreements (Environment--international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

41 50 N, 22 00 E

Geography - note (Geography--note) [time series]

landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe

Irrigated land [time series]

830 sq km (1993 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 748 km border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km (all with Serbia)

Land use [time series]

arable land: 24% permanent crops: 2% permanent pastures: 25% forests and woodland: 39% other: 10% (1993 est.)

Location [time series]

Southeastern Europe, north of Greece

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

high seismic risks

Natural resources [time series]

chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur, timber

Terrain [time series]

mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

34 counties (opstinas, singular--opstina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar, Delcevo, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Murgasevo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica note: in September 1996, the Macedonian Assembly passed legislation changing the territorial division of the country; names of the 123 new municipalities are not yet available

Capital [time series]

Skopje

Constitution [time series]

adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia conventional short form: none local long form: Republika Makedonija local short form: Makedonija abbreviation: FYROM

Data code [time series]

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher Robert HILL embassy: Bul. Ilindenska bb, 91000 Skopje mailing address: American Embassy Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch)

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Ljubica Z. ACEVSKA chancery: 3050 K Street, NW, Suite 210, Washington, DC 20007 consulate(s) general: New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991) head of government: Prime Minister Ljubco GEORGIEVSKI (since 30 November 1998) cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Assembly; note--cabinet formed by the government coalition parties VMRO-DPMNE, DA, and DPA elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held NA October 1999) election results: Kiro GLIGOROV elected president; percent of vote--Kiro GLIGOROV 78.4%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

a rising yellow sun with eight rays extending to the edges of the red field

Government type [time series]

emerging democracy

Independence [time series]

17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

International organization participation [time series]

BIS (pending member), CCC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)

Judicial branch [time series]

Constitutional Court, judges are elected by the Judicial Council; Judicial Court of the Republic, judges are elected by the Judicial Council

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Assembly or Sobranje (120 seats--85 members are elected by popular vote; 35 members come from lists of candidates submitted by parties based on the percentage that parties gain from the overall vote; all serve four-year terms) elections: last held 18 October and 1 November 1998 (next to be held NA 2002) election results: percent of vote by party--NA; seats by party--VMRO 49, SDSM 27, PDP 14, DA 13, DPA 11, LDP 4, Socialists 1, Roma Party 1

National holiday [time series]

8 September

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Social-Democratic Alliance of president]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization--Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Military

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Police Force

Military expenditures - dollar figure (Military expenditures--dollar figure) [time series]

$71 million (1998)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures--percent of GDP) [time series]

2.2% (1998)

Military manpower - availability (Military manpower--availability) [time series]

males age 15-49: 539,329 (1999 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service (Military manpower--fit for military service) [time series]

males age 15-49: 434,468 (1999 est.)

Military manpower - military age (Military manpower--military age) [time series]

19 years of age

Military manpower - reaching military age annually (Military manpower--reaching military age annually) [time series]

males: 17,291 (1999 est.)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 23% (male 243,190; female 228,491) 15-64 years: 67% (male 680,692; female 673,923) 65 years and over: 10% (male 88,116; female 108,192) (1999 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

15.21 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Death rate [time series]

8.03 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Macedonian 66%, Albanian 23%, Turkish 4%, Serb 2%, Gypsies 3%, other 2%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

18.68 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)

Languages [time series]

Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 73.05 years male: 70.93 years female: 75.34 years (1999 est.)

Literacy [time series]

Nationality [time series]

noun: Macedonian(s) adjective: Macedonian

Net migration rate [time series]

-0.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Population [time series]

2,022,604 (July 1999 est.) note: the Macedonian Government census of July 1994 put the population at 1.94 million, but ethnic allocations were likely undercounted

Population growth rate [time series]

0.64% (1999 est.)

Religions [time series]

Eastern Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

2 children born/woman (1999 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international (Disputes--international) [time series]

dispute with Greece over name; in September 1995, Skopje and Athens signed an interim accord resolving their dispute over symbols and certain constitutional provisions; Athens also lifted its economic embargo on The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; the border commission formed by The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Serbia and Montenegro in April 1996 to resolve differences in delineation of their mutual border has made no progress so far; Albanians in Macedonia claim discrimination in education, access to public-sector jobs and representation in government; Party for Democratic Action (DPA), which is now a member party of the government, calls for a rewrite of the constitution to declare ethnic Albanians a national group and allow for regional autonomy

Illicit drugs [time series]

increasing transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe

Transportation

Airports [time series]

16 (1998 est.)

Airports - with paved runways (Airports--with paved runways) [time series]

total: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 under 914 m: 8 (1998 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways (Airports--with unpaved runways) [time series]

total: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 4 (1998 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 10,591 km paved: 5,500 km (including 133 km of expressways) unpaved: 5,091 km (1997 est.)

Pipelines [time series]

0 km

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

none

Railways [time series]

total: 922 km standard gauge: 922 km 1.435-m gauge (232 km electrified) (1997)

Waterways [time series]

none, lake transport only

North Macedonia