View Intelligence Dossier Back to 1993 CSV Excel Print All Years

Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 17 useable: 17 with permanent-surface runways: 9 with runways over 3,659 m: 0 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 2

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

10,591 km total (1991); 5,091 km paved, 1,404 km gravel, 4,096 km earth

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

NA km

Pipelines [time series]

none

Ports [time series]

none; landlocked

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

125,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 6 AM, 2 FM, 5 (2 relays) TV; 370,000 radios, 325,000 TV; satellite communications ground stations - none

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force, Police Force

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

7 billion denars, NA% of GNP (1993 est.); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 597,024; fit for military service 484,701; reach military age (19) annually 18,979 (1993 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

provides 12% of GDP and meets the basic need for food; principal crops are rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, and millet; also grown are cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus fruit, and vegetables; Macedonia is one of the seven legal cultivators of the opium poppy for the world pharmaceutical industry, including some exports to the US; agricultural production is highly labor intensive

Budget [time series]

revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 denar (abbreviation NA) = 100 NA

Economic aid [time series]

$10 million from the US for humanitarian and technical assistance; EC promised a 100 ECU million economic aid package

Electricity [time series]

1,600,000 kw capacity; 6,300 million kWh produced, 2,900 kWh per capita (1992)

Exchange rates [time series]

denar per US$1 - 240 (January 1991)

Exports [time series]

$578 million (1990) commodities: manufactured goods 40%, machinery and transport equipment 14%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 23%, raw materials 7.6%, food (rice) and live animals 5.7%, beverages and tobacco 4.5%, chemicals 4.7% partners: principally Serbia and Montenegro and the other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Greece, Albania

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$845.8 million

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Illicit drugs [time series]

Imports [time series]

$1,112 million (1990) commodities: fuels and lubricants 19%, manufactured goods 18%, machinery and transport equipment 15%, food and live animals 14%, chemicals 11.4%, raw materials 10%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 8.0%, beverages and tobacco 3.5% partners: other former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Albania, Germany, Bulgaria

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate -18% (1991 est.)

Industries [time series]

low levels of technology predominate, such as, oil refining by distillation only; produces basic liquid fuels, coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, and ferronickel; light industry produces basic textiles, wood products, and tobacco

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

114.9% (1991 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $7.1 billion (1991 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$3,110 (1991 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

-18% (1991 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Macedonia, although the poorest among the six republics of a dissolved Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and energy needs through its own agricultural and coal resources. It will, however, move down toward a bare subsistence level of life unless economic ties are reforged or enlarged with its neighbors Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria. The economy depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and its modern machinery and parts. Continued political turmoil, both internally and in the region as a whole, prevents any swift readjustments of trade patterns and economic programs. Inflation in early 1992 was out of control, the result of fracturing trade links, the decline in economic activity, and general uncertainties about the future status of the country; prices rose 38% in March 1992 alone. In August 1992, Greece, angry at the use of "Macedonia" as the republic's name, imposed a partial blockade for several months. This blockade, combined with the effects of the UN sanctions on Serbia and Montenegro, cost the economy approximately $1 billion in 1992 according to official figures. Macedonia's geographical isolation, technological backwardness, and potential political instability place it far down the list of countries of interest to Western investors. Resolution of the dispute with Greece and an internal commitment to economic reform would help to encourage foreign investment over the long run. In the immediate future, the worst scenario for the economy would be the spread of fighting across its borders.

Unemployment rate [time series]

20% (1991 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 25,333 km2 land area: 24,856 km2 comparative area: slightly larger than Vermont

Climate [time series]

hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

Macedonia suffers from high seismic hazard; air pollution from metallurgical plants

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

Greece claims republic's name implies territorial claims against Aegean Macedonia

Irrigated land [time series]

NA km2

Land boundaries [time series]

total 748 km, Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km (all with Serbia)

Land use [time series]

arable land: 5% permanent crops: 5% meadows and pastures: 20% forest and woodland: 30% other: 40%

Location [time series]

Southern Europe, between Serbia and Montenegro and Greece

Map references [time series]

Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

none; landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulphur, timber

Note [time series]

landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe

Terrain [time series]

mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

34 districts (opcine, singular - opcina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar, Delcevo, Demir Hisar, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica

Capital [time series]

Skopje

Constitution [time series]

adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

none; US does not recognize Macedonia

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

President: last held 27 January 1991 (next to be held NA); results - Kiro GLIGOROV was elected by the Assembly Assembly: last held 11 and 25 November and 9 December 1990 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) VMRO-DPMNE 37, SDSM 31, PDPM 25, SRSM 17, SJM 1, SPM 5, others 4

Executive branch [time series]

president, Council of Ministers, prime minister

Flag [time series]

16-point gold sun (Vergino, Sun) centered on a red field

Independence [time series]

20 November 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Judicial branch [time series]

Constitutional Court, Judicial Court of the Republic

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991) Head of Government: Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since NA September 1992), Deputy Prime Ministers Jovan ANDONOV (since NA March 1991), Stevo CRVENKOVSKI (since NA September 1992), and Becir ZUTA (since NA March 1991)

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Assembly (Sobranje)

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

EBRD, ICAO, IMF, UN, UNCTAD, WMO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Macedonia conventional short form: Macedonia local long form: Republika Makedonija local short form: Makedonija

National holiday [time series]

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

Movement for All Macedonian Action (MAAK); League for Democracy; Albanian Democratic Union-Liberal Party

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Social-Democratic League of Macedonia (SDSM; former Communist Party), Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president; Party for Democratic Prosperity in Macedonia (PDPM), Nevzat HALILI, president; National Democratic Party (PDP), Ilijas HALINI, president; Alliance of Reform Forces of Macedonia (SRSM), Stojan ANDOV, president; Socialist Party of Macedonia (SPM), Kiro POPOVSKI, president; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE), Ljupco GEORGIEVSKI, president; Party of Yugoslavs in Macedonia (SJM), Milan DURCINOV, president

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Government type (Type) [time series]

emerging democracy

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

none; US does not recognize Macedonia

People

Birth rate [time series]

15.91 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate [time series]

6.79 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Macedonian 67%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 4%, Serb 2%, other 6%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

29.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Labor force [time series]

507,324 by occupation: agriculture 8%, manufacturing and mining 40% (1990)

Languages [time series]

Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 73.19 years male: 71.15 years female: 75.41 years (1993 est.)

Literacy [time series]

total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Macedonian(s) adjective: Macedonian

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Population [time series]

2,193,951 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

0.91% (1993 est.)

Religions [time series]

Eastern Orthodox 59%, Muslim 26%, Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 10%

Total fertility rate [time series]

2 children born/woman (1993 est.)

North Macedonia