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Communications

Broadcast media (Radio) [time series]

broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: 370,000

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

125,000 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: no satellite links

Broadcast media (Television) [time series]

broadcast stations: 5 (relays 2) televisions: 325,000

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Police Force

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

7 billion denars, NA% of GNP (1993 est.); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate could produce misleading results MADAGASCAR

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 585,403; males fit for military service 474,467; males reach military age (19) annually 19,693 (1995 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

meets the basic needs for food; principal crops are rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, and millet; also grown are cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus fruit, and vegetables; agricultural production is highly labor intensive

Budget [time series]

revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

the denar, which was adopted by the Macedonian legislature 26 April 1992, was initially issued in the form of a coupon pegged to the German mark; subsequently repegged to a basket of seven currencies

Economic aid [time series]

recipient: US $10 million (for humanitarian and technical assistance) EC promised a 100 ECU million economic aid package (1993)

Electricity [time series]

capacity: 1,600,000 kW production: NA kWh consumption per capita: NA kWh (1993)

Exchange rates [time series]

denar per US$1 - 39 (November 1994), 865 (October 1992)

Exports [time series]

$1.06 billion (1993) commodities: manufactured goods 40%, machinery and transport equipment 14%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 23%, raw materials 7.6%, food (rice) and live animals 5.7%, beverages and tobacco 4.5%, chemicals 4.7% (1990) partners: principally Serbia and Montenegro and the other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Greece, Albania

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$840 million (1992)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Illicit drugs [time series]

limited illicit opium cultivation; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin

Imports [time series]

$1.2 billion (1993) commodities: fuels and lubricants 19%, manufactured goods 18%, machinery and transport equipment 15%, food and live animals 14%, chemicals 11.4%, raw materials 10%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 8.0%, beverages and tobacco 3.5% (1990) partners: other former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Albania, Germany, Bulgaria

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate -14% (1993)

Industries [time series]

low levels of technology predominate, such as, oil refining by distillation only; produces basic liquid fuels, coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, and ferronickel; light industry produces basic textiles, wood products, and tobacco

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

54% (1994)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.9 billion (1994 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$900 (1994 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

-15% (1994 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, although the poorest republic in the former Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and energy needs through its own agricultural and coal resources. Its economic decline will continue unless ties are reforged or enlarged with its neighbors Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria. The economy depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and most of its modern machinery and parts. An important supplement of GDP is the remittances from thousands of Macedonians working in Germany and other West European nations. Continued political turmoil, both internally and in the region as a whole, prevents any swift readjustments of trade patterns and economic programs. The country's industrial output and GDP are expected to decline further in 1995. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's geographical isolation, technological backwardness, and potential political instability place it far down the list of countries of interest to Western investors. Resolution of the dispute with Greece and an internal commitment to economic reform would encourage foreign investment over the long run. In the immediate future, the worst scenario for the economy would be the spread of fighting across its borders.

Unemployment rate [time series]

30% (1993 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 25,333 sq km land area: 24,856 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Vermont

Climate [time series]

hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants natural hazards: high seismic risks international agreements: party to - Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

dispute with Greece over name, symbols, and certain constitutional provisions

Irrigated land [time series]

NA sq km

Land boundaries [time series]

total 748 km, Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km (all with Serbia)

Land use [time series]

arable land: 5% permanent crops: 5% meadows and pastures: 20% forest and woodland: 30% other: 40%

Location [time series]

Southeastern Europe, north of Greece

Map references [time series]

Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

none; landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulphur, timber

Note [time series]

landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe

Terrain [time series]

mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River

Government

Abbreviation [time series]

F.Y.R.O.M.

Administrative divisions [time series]

34 counties (opstinas, singular - opstina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar, Delcevo, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Murgasevo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica

Legislative branch (Assembly (Sobranje)) [time series]

elections last held 16 and 30 October 1994 (next to be held November 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) seats by party NA

Capital [time series]

Skopje

Constitution [time series]

adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

the US recognized The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on 8 February 1994

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991); election last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Kiro GLIGOROV was elected by the Assembly in 1991; reelected by popular vote in 1994 head of government: Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 4 September 1992) cabinet: Council of Ministers; elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Sobranje

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[389] (91) 117-103

Flag [time series]

16-point gold sun (Vergina, Sun) centered on a red field

Independence [time series]

17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Judicial branch [time series]

Constitutional Court, Judicial Court of the Republic

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

CCC, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, OSCE (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia conventional short form: none local long form: Republika Makedonija local short form: Makedonija

National holiday [time series]

8 September

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

Movement for All Macedonian Action (MAAK); Democratic Party of Serbs; Democratic Party of Turks; Party for Democratic Action (Slavic Muslim)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia (SDSM; former Communist Party), Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president; Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP); note - two factions competing for party name; one faction is led by Abdurahman HALITI and the other faction is led by Arber XHAFFERI; National Democratic Party (NDP), Ilijas HALINI, president; Alliance of Reform Forces of Macedonia - Liberal Party (SRSM-LP), Stojan ANDOV, president; Socialist Party of Macedonia (SPM), Kiro POPOVSKI, president; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE), Ljupco GEORGIEVSKI, president; Party of Yugoslavs in Macedonia (SJM), Milan DURCINOV, president; Democratic Party (DP), Petar GOSEV, president

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Government type (Type) [time series]

emerging democracy

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Victor D. COMRAS liaison office: ul. 27 Mart No. 5, 9100 Skopje mailing address: USLO Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch) telephone: [389] (91) 116-180

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 25% (female 257,876; male 277,314) 15-64 years: 67% (female 711,810; male 733,903) 65 years and over: 8% (female 97,475; male 81,125) (July 1995 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

15.82 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Death rate [time series]

6.7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Macedonian 65%, Albanian 22%, Turkish 4%, Serb 2%, Gypsies 3%, other 4%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

24.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)

Labor force [time series]

591,773 (June 1994) by occupation: manufacturing and mining 40% (1992)

Languages [time series]

Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 74 years male: 71.87 years female: 76.3 years (1995 est.)

Literacy [time series]

NA%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Macedonian(s) adjective: Macedonian

Net migration rate [time series]

-0.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Population [time series]

2,159,503 (July 1995 est.) note: the Macedonian government census of July 1994 put the population at 1.94 million, but ethnic allocations were likely undercounted

Population growth rate [time series]

0.9% (1995 est.)

Religions [time series]

Eastern Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%

Total fertility rate [time series]

2.02 children born/woman (1995 est.)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

total: 16 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 11 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 10,591 km paved: 5,091 km unpaved: gravel 1,404 km; earth 4,096 km (1991)

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

none, lake transport only

Pipelines [time series]

none

Ports [time series]

none

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

total: 922 km standard gauge: 922 km 1.435-m gauge (1994)

North Macedonia