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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

a mix of publicly operated TV stations and privately owned TV stations; the 2 publicly owned TV stations recently expanded services and the largest private TV station has introduced several special-interest pay-TV channels; cable and satellite multi-channel subscription services are available; all TV signals have been broadcast digitally since September 2007; analog broadcasts via cable networks were terminated in February 2008; public broadcasting maintains a network of 13 national and 25 regional radio stations; a large number of private radio broadcasters (2008)

Internet country code [time series]

.fi; note - Aland Islands assigned .ax

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

4.763 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 22

Internet users [time series]

4.393 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 55

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: modern system with excellent service domestic: digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive mobile-cellular network provide domestic needs international: country code - 358; submarine cables provide links to Estonia and Sweden; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) (2011)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

890,000 (2012) country comparison to the world: 79

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

9.32 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 83

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: $139.4 billion expenditures: $145.3 billion note: Central Government Budget (2013 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-2.3% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 92

Central bank discount rate [time series]

0.75% (31 December 2013) country comparison to the world: 123 1.5% (31 December 2010) note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

2% (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 174 2.06% (31 December 2012 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

-$2 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 144 -$3.679 billion (2012 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$586.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 23 $478.5 billion (31 December 2011)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

26.8 (2008) country comparison to the world: 131 25.6 (1991)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita output almost as high as that of Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, or Sweden. Trade is important, with exports accounting for over one-third of GDP in recent years. Finland is historically competitive in manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in export of technology for mobile phones as well as promotion of startups in the ICT, gaming, cleantech, and biotechnology sectors. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Finland had been one of the best performing economies within the EU in recent years and its banks and financial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hit exports and domestic demand hard in 2009, with Finland experiencing one of the deepest contractions in the euro zone. A recovery of exports, domestic trade, and household consumption stimulated economic growth in 2010-11, however, continued recession within the EU dampened the economy in 2012-13. The recession affected general government finances and the debt ratio, turning previously strong budget surpluses into deficits, but Finland took action to ensure it that it met the EU deficit targets in 2013 and retained its triple-A credit rating. Finland's main challenge will be to stimulate growth while faced with weak export demand in the EU and its own government austerity measures. Longer-term, Finland must address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity in traditional industries that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth.

Exchange rates [time series]

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7634 (2013 est.) 0.7752 (2012 est.) 0.755 (2010 est.) 0.7198 (2009 est.) 0.6827 (2008 est.)

Exports [time series]

$75.7 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 47 $76.46 billion (2012 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

electrical and optical equipment, machinery, transport equipment, paper and pulp, chemicals, basic metals; timber

Exports - partners [time series]

Sweden 11.1%, Russia 9.9%, Germany 9.3%, Netherlands 6.3%, US 6.2%, UK 5.1%, China 4.6% (2012)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$259.6 billion (2013 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$195.5 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 58 $196.8 billion (2012 est.) $198.4 billion (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 56.3% government consumption: 24.3% investment in fixed capital: 18.3% investment in inventories: 0.3% exports of goods and services: 38% imports of goods and services: -37.3% (2013 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 2.9% industry: 25.1% services: 71.9% (2013 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$35,900 (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 38 $36,300 (2012 est.) $36,700 (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

-0.6% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 201 -0.8% (2012 est.) 2.7% (2011 est.)

Gross national saving [time series]

17.9% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 91 19.6% of GDP (2012 est.) 21.2% of GDP (2011 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3.6% highest 10%: 24.7% (2007)

Imports [time series]

$70.67 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 43 $72.13 billion (2012 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, computers, electronic industry products, textile yarn and fabrics, grains

Imports - partners [time series]

Russia 17.7%, Sweden 14.8%, Germany 13.9%, Netherlands 8.1%, China 4.4% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

-4.2% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 188

Industries [time series]

metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

2.2% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 76 3.2% (2012 est.)

Labor force [time series]

2.685 million (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 110

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture and forestry: 4.4% industry: 15.5% construction: 7.1% commerce: 21.3% finance, insurance, and business services: 13.3% transport and communications: 9.9% public services: 28.5% (2011)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$158.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 33 $143.1 billion (31 December 2011) $118.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

NA%

Public debt [time series]

56.5% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 53 53.1% of GDP (2012 est.) note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$10.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 74 $11.08 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$183.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 41 $182.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$197.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 24 $186.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$138.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 35 $134.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$267.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 36 $265.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$130.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 28 $126.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

53.7% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 10

Unemployment rate [time series]

8.1% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 91 7.8% (2012 est.)

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

54.06 million Mt (2011 est.)

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 110

Crude oil - imports [time series]

214,700 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 32

Crude oil - production [time series]

13,530 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 85

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 130

Electricity - consumption [time series]

84.83 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 36

Electricity - exports [time series]

1.645 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 46

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

52.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 151

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

18.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 93

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

16.2% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 14

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

12.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 19

Electricity - imports [time series]

19.09 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 9

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

16.68 million kW (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 43

Electricity - production [time series]

70.34 billion kWh (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 39

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

4.7 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 64

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Natural gas - imports [time series]

3.661 billion cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 39

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 129

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 136

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

204,800 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 57

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

144,400 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 38

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

113,800 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 48

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

282,300 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 44

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 338,145 sq km country comparison to the world: 65 land: 303,815 sq km water: 34,330 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Montana

Climate [time series]

cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes

Coastline [time series]

1,250 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 1.63 cu km/yr (25%/72%/3%) per capita: 308.9 cu m/yr (2005)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

64 00 N, 26 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain

Irrigated land [time series]

685.8 sq km (2010)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 2,563 km border countries: Norway 709 km, Sweden 545 km, Russia 1,309 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 6.65% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 93.34% (2011)

Location [time series]

Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm) contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Natural hazards [time series]

Natural resources [time series]

timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone

Terrain [time series]

mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills

Total renewable water resources [time series]

110 cu km (2011)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

19 regions (maakunnat, singular - maakunta (Finnish); landskapen, singular - landskapet (Swedish)); Aland (Swedish), Ahvenanmaa (Finnish); Etela-Karjala (Finnish), Sodra Karelen (Swedish) [South Karelia]; Etela-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Sodra Osterbotten (Swedish) [South Ostrobothnia]; Etela-Savo (Finnish), Sodra Savolax (Swedish) [South Savo]; Kanta-Hame (Finnish), Egentliga Tavastland (Swedish); Kainuu (Finnish), Kajanaland (Swedish); Keski-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Mellersta Osterbotten (Swedish) [Central Ostrobothnia]; Keski-Suomi (Finnish), Mellersta Finland (Swedish) [Central Finland]; Kymenlaakso (Finnish), Kymmenedalen (Swedish); Lappi (Finnish), Lappland (Swedish); Paijat-Hame (Finnish), Paijanne-Tavastland (Swedish); Pirkanmaa (Finnish), Birkaland (Swedish) [Tampere]; Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Osterbotten (Swedish) [Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Karjala (Finnish), Norra Karelen (Swedish) [North Karelia]; Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Norra Osterbotten (Swedish) [North Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Savo (Finnish), Norra Savolax (Swedish) [North Savo]; Satakunta (Finnish and Swedish); Uusimaa (Finnish), Nyland (Swedish) [Newland]; Varsinais-Suomi (Finnish), Egentliga Finland (Swedish) [Southwest Finland]

Capital [time series]

name: Helsinki geographic coordinates: 60 10 N, 24 56 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Constitution [time series]

previous 1906, 1919; latest drafted 17 June 1997, approved by Parliament 11 June 1999, entered into force 1 March 2000; amended several times, last in 2011 (2011)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Finland conventional short form: Finland local long form: Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland local short form: Suomi/Finland

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Bruce J. ORECK (since 12 August 2009) embassy: Itainen Puistotie 14B, 00140 Helsinki mailing address: APO AE 09723 telephone: [358] (9) 616250 FAX: [358] (9) 6162 5800

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Ritva KOUKKU-RONDE (since 1 September 2011) chancery: 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 298-5800 FAX: [1] (202) 298-6030 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles (Juha Pekka MARKKANEN), New York (Jukka PIETIKAINEN)

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Sauli NIINISTO (since 1 March 2012) head of government: Prime Minister Jyrki KATAINEN (since 22 June 2011) cabinet: Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to parliament (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 5 February 2012 (next to be held in February 2018); the parliament elects a prime minister who is then appointed to office by the president election results: percent of vote - Sauli NIINISTO (Kok) 36.96%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 18.76%, Paavo VAYRYNEN (Kesk) 17.53%, Timo SOINI (TF) 9.4%, Paavo LIPPONEN (SDP) 6.7%, Paavo ARHINMÄKI (Vas) 5.48%, Eva BIAUDET (SFP) 2.7%, Sari ESSAYAH (KD) 2.47%; a runoff election between NIINISTO and HAAVISTO was held 5 February 2012 - NIINISTO 62.59%, HAAVISTO 37.41%; Jyrki KATAINEN elected prime minister; election results 118-72 note: government coalition - Kok, SDP, Vihr, SFP, Vas, and KD (2013)

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the blue represents the thousands of lakes scattered across the country, while the white is for the snow that covers the land in winter

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

6 December 1917 (from Russia)

International law organization participation [time series]

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (consists of the court president and 18 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 21 judges including the court president and organized into 3 chambers) note - Finland has a dual judicial system - courts with civil and criminal jurisdiction, and administrative courts with jurisdiction for litigation between individuals and administrative organs of the state and communities judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court judges appointed by the president of the republic; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65 subordinate courts: 6 Courts of Appeal; 8 regional administrative courts; 27 district courts; special courts for issues relating to markets, labor, insurance, impeachment, land, tenancy, and water rights

Legal system [time series]

civil law system based on the Swedish model

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 17 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2015) election results: percent of vote by party - Kok 20.4%, SDP 19.1%, PS 19.1%, Kesk 15.8%, Vas 8.1%, Vihr 7.3%, SFP 4.3%, KD 4%, other 1.9%; seats by party - Kok 44, SDP 42, TF 39, Kesk 35, Vas 14, Vihr 10, SFP 9, KD 6, other 1 (the constituency of Aland)

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Maamme" (Our Land)

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 6 December (1917)

National symbol(s) [time series]

lion

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Center Party or Kesk [Juha SIPILA] Christian Democrats or KD [Paivi RASANEN] Green League or Vihr [Ville NIINISTO] Left Alliance or Vas [Paavo ARHINMAKI] National Coalition Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN] Social Democratic Party or SDP [Jutta URPILAINEN] Swedish People's Party or SFP [Carl HAGLUND] The Finns Party or PS [Timo SOINI]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It gained complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it successfully defended its independence through cooperation with Germany and resisted subsequent invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, Finland transformed from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro single currency at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are high quality education, promotion of equality, and a national social welfare system - currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,155,368 females age 16-49: 1,106,193 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 955,151 females age 16-49: 912,983 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 32,599 female: 31,416 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Finnish Defense Forces (FDF): Army (Puolustusvoimat), Navy (Merivoimat; includes Coastal Defense Forces), Air Force (Ilmavoimat) (2013)

Military expenditures [time series]

1.47% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 62 1.42% of GDP (2011) 1.47% of GDP (2010)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for male voluntary and compulsory - and female voluntary - national military and nonmilitary service; service obligation 6-12 months; military obligation to age 60 (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 15.8% (male 423,011/female 408,664) 15-24 years: 12.1% (male 326,140/female 313,621) 25-54 years: 38.1% (male 1,021,798/female 983,423) 55-64 years: 14.2% (male 368,355/female 379,957) 65 years and over: 19.2% (male 439,014/female 604,816) (2014 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

10.35 births/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 186

Death rate [time series]

10.51 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 40

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 56.8 % youth dependency ratio: 25.8 % elderly dependency ratio: 31 % potential support ratio: 3.2 (2014 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2012 est.)

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

6.8% of GDP (2010) country comparison to the world: 27

Ethnic groups [time series]

Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.6%, Russian 0.5%, Estonian 0.3%, Roma (Gypsy) 0.1%, Sami 0.1% (2006)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 137

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

fewer than 100 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 157

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

2,600 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 135

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

8.9% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 48

Hospital bed density [time series]

5.9 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 3.36 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 211 male: 3.65 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

Languages [time series]

Finnish (official) 94.2%, Swedish (official) 5.5%, other (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) 0.2% (2012 est.)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 79.69 years country comparison to the world: 41 male: 76.24 years female: 83.29 years (2014 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (2000 est.)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

HELSINKI (capital) 1.134 million (2011)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

5 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 174

Median age [time series]

total: 43.2 years male: 41.2 years female: 45 years (2014 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

28.4 (2011 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Finn(s) adjective: Finnish

Net migration rate [time series]

0.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 67

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

23% (2008) country comparison to the world: 77

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

2.9 physicians/1,000 population (2010)

Population [time series]

5,268,799 (July 2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 119

Population growth rate [time series]

0.05% (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 187

Religions [time series]

Lutheran 78.4%, Orthodox 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.2%, none 19.2% (2010 est.)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2012 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 17 years male: 16 years female: 18 years (2011)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.73 children born/woman (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 169

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 17.7% country comparison to the world: 70 male: 17.6% female: 17.9% (2012)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 83.7% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 0.47% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union, but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

stateless persons: 2,017 (2012)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

148 (2013) country comparison to the world: 39

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 74 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 26 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 21 under 914 m: 14 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 74 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 71 (2013)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 97 country comparison to the world: 51 by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 25, carrier 1, chemical tanker 6, container 3, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 16, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 31, vehicle carrier 3 foreign-owned: 5 (Cyprus 1, Estonia 2, Iceland 1, Sweden 1) registered in other countries: 47 (Bahamas 8, Germany 3, Gibraltar 2, Malta 3, Netherlands 13, Panama 2, Sweden 16) (2010)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 1,689 km (2010)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

major seaport(s): Helsinki, Kotka, Naantali, Porvoo, Raahe, Rauma

Railways [time series]

total: 5,944 km country comparison to the world: 31 broad gauge: 5,944 km 1.524-m gauge (3,067 km electrified) (2013)

Roadways [time series]

total: 78,000 km country comparison to the world: 60 paved: 50,000 km (includes 700 km of expressways) unpaved: 28,000 km note: there 78,000 km of highways, 350,000 km of private and forest roads, and 26,000 km of urban roads giving Finland a total road network of 450,000 km (2012)

Waterways [time series]

8,000 km (includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia; water transport is used frequently in the summer and is widely replaced with sledges on the ice in winter; there are 187,888 lakes in Finland that cover 31,500 km); Finand also maintains 8,200 km of coastal fairways (2013) country comparison to the world: 18