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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

a mix of publicly-operated TV stations and privately-owned TV stations; the 2 publicly-owned TV stations recently expanded services and the largest private TV station has introduced several special-interest pay-TV channels; cable and satellite multi-channel subscription services are available; all TV signals have been broadcast digitally since September 2007; analog broadcasts via cable networks were terminated in February 2008; public broadcasting maintains a network of 13 national and 25 regional radio stations; a large number of private radio broadcasters (2008)

Internet country code [time series]

.fi; note - Aland Islands assigned .ax

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

4.394 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 21

Internet users [time series]

4.393 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 55

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: modern system with excellent service domestic: digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive mobile-cellular network provide domestic needs international: country code - 358; submarine cables provide links to Estonia and Sweden; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

1.25 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 69

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

8.39 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 78

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: $125.2 billion expenditures: $131.9 billion note: Central Government Budget (2010 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-2.8% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 91

Central bank discount rate [time series]

1.75% (31 December 2010) country comparison to the world: 117 1.75% (31 December 2009) note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

2.267% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 184 2.552% (31 December 2009 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

$7.561 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 27 $5.892 billion (2009)

Debt - external [time series]

$518 billion (30 June 2011) country comparison to the world: 24 $370.8 billion (30 June 2010)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

26.8 (2008) country comparison to the world: 131 25.6 (1991)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita output roughly that of Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Trade is important with exports accounting for over one third of GDP in recent years. Finland is strongly competitive in manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in high-tech exports such as mobile phones. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Finland had been one of the best performing economies within the EU in recent years and its banks and financial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hit exports and domestic demand hard in 2009, with Finland experiencing one of the deepest contractions in the euro zone. A recovery of exports, domestic trade, and household consumption stimulated economic growth in 2010. The recession left a deep mark on general government finances and the debt ratio, turning previously strong budget surpluses into deficits. Despite good growth prospects, general government finances will remain in deficit during the next few years. The great challenge of economic policy will be to implement a post-recession exit strategy in which measures supporting growth will be combined with general government adjustment measures. Longer-term, Finland must address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

83.09 billion kWh (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 35

Electricity - exports [time series]

3.375 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

12.09 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

67.94 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 39

Exchange rates [time series]

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.755 (2010) 0.7198 (2009) 0.6827 (2008) 0.7345 (2007) 0.7964 (2006)

Exports [time series]

$69.4 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 43 $62.91 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

electrical and optical equipment, machinery, transport equipment, paper and pulp, chemicals, basic metals; timber

Exports - partners [time series]

Sweden 11.6%, Germany 10.2%, Russia 8.5%, US 7%, Netherlands 6.9%, China 5%, UK 4.9% (2010)

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$239.2 billion (2010 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$186 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 56 $180.3 billion (2009 est.) $196.5 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 2.9% industry: 29% services: 68.1% (2010 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$35,400 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 34 $34,400 (2009 est.) $37,500 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

3.1% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 121 -8.2% (2009 est.) 0.9% (2008 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3.6% highest 10%: 24.7% (2007)

Imports [time series]

$65 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 40 $58.12 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains

Imports - partners [time series]

Russia 17.4%, Germany 14.7%, Sweden 14.5%, Netherlands 8.2%, China 4.4% (2010)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

5.1% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 80

Industries [time series]

metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

1.7% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 56 1.6% (2009 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

18.8% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 132

Labor force [time series]

2.672 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 106

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture and forestry: 4.9% industry: 16.7% construction: 7.1% commerce: 19.4% finance, insurance, and business services: 12.8% transport and communications: 6.3% public services: 32.8% (2009)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$118.2 billion (31 December 2010) country comparison to the world: 43 $91.02 billion (31 December 2009) $154.4 billion (31 December 2008)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

4.782 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 62

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 95

Natural gas - imports [time series]

4.782 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 34

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 181

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 135

Oil - consumption [time series]

217,400 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 54

Oil - exports [time series]

133,600 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 60

Oil - imports [time series]

318,100 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 33

Oil - production [time series]

8,718 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 88

Oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 130

Population below poverty line [time series]

NA%

Public debt [time series]

48.4% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 53 43.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$9.555 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 73 $11.46 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$172.9 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 41 $173.4 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$130.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 23 $126.8 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$82.71 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 39 $84.44 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$242.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 37 $242.2 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$113 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 29 $113.6 billion (31 December 2009 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

52.4% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 17

Unemployment rate [time series]

8.4% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 98 8.2% (2009 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 338,145 sq km country comparison to the world: 65 land: 303,815 sq km water: 34,330 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Montana

Climate [time series]

cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes

Coastline [time series]

1,250 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 2.33 cu km/yr (14%/84%/3%) per capita: 444 cu m/yr (1999)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

64 00 N, 26 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain

Irrigated land [time series]

770 sq km (2008)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 2,654 km border countries: Norway 727 km, Sweden 614 km, Russia 1,313 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 6.54% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 93.44% (2005)

Location [time series]

Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm) contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Natural hazards [time series]

Natural resources [time series]

timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone

Terrain [time series]

mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills

Total renewable water resources [time series]

110 cu km (2005)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

19 regions (maakunnat, singular - maakunta (Finnish); landskapen, singular - landskapet (Swedish)); Aland (Swedish), Ahvenanmaa (Finnish); Etela-Karjala (Finnish), Sodra Karelen (Swedish) [South Karelia]; Etela-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Sodra Osterbotten (Swedish) [South Ostrobothnia]; Etela-Savo (Finnish), Sodra Savolax (Swedish) [South Savo]; Kanta-Hame (Finnish), Egentliga Tavastland (Swedish); Kainuu (Finnish), Kajanaland (Swedish); Keski-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Mellersta Osterbotten (Swedish) [Central Ostrobothnia]; Keski-Suomi (Finnish), Mellersta Finland (Swedish) [Central Finland]; Kymenlaakso (Finnish), Kymmenedalen (Swedish); Lappi (Finnish), Lappland (Swedish); Paijat-Hame (Finnish), Paijanne-Tavastland (Swedish); Pirkanmaa (Finnish), Birkaland (Swedish) [Tampere]; Osterbotten (Swedish), Pohjanmaa (Finnish) [Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Karjala (Finnish), Norra Karelen (Swedish) [North Karelia]; Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Norra Osterbotten (Swedish) [North Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Savo (Finnish), Norra Savolax (Swedish) [North Savo]; Satakunta (Finnish and Swedish); Uusimaa (Finnish), Nyland (Swedish) [Newland]; Varsinais-Suomi (Finnish), Egentliga Finland (Swedish) [Southwest Finland]

Capital [time series]

name: Helsinki geographic coordinates: 60 10 N, 24 56 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Constitution [time series]

1 March 2000

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Finland conventional short form: Finland local long form: Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland local short form: Suomi/Finland

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Bruce J. ORECK embassy: Itainen Puistotie 14B, 00140 Helsinki mailing address: APO AE 09723 telephone: [358] (9) 616250 FAX: [358] (9) 6162 5800

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Ritva KOUKKU-RONDE chancery: 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 298-5800 FAX: [1] (202) 298-6030 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Tarja HALONEN (since 1 March 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Jyrki KATAINEN (since 22 June 2011) cabinet: Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to parliament (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 15 January 2006 (next to be held in January 2012); the parliament elects a prime minister who is then appointed to office by the president; Prime Minister KATAINEN elected on 22 June 2011 election results: percent of vote - Tarja HALONEN (SDP) 46.3%, Sauli NIINISTO (Kok) 24.1%, Matti VANHANEN (Kesk) 18.6%, Heidi HAUTALA (VIHR) 3.5% other 10.5%; a runoff election between HALONEN and NIINISTO was held 29 January 2006 - HALONEN 51.8%, NIINISTO 48.2%; Jyrki KATAINEN elected prime minister; election results 118-72 note: government coalition - KoK, SDP, VIHR, SFP, VAS, and KD

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the blue represents the thousands of lakes scattered across the country, while the white is for the snow that covers the land in winter

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

6 December 1917 (from Russia)

International law organization participation [time series]

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch [time series]

general courts - deal with criminal and civil cases (include district courts, Courts of Appeal, and the Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus, whose judges are appointed by the president); administrative courts

Legal system [time series]

civil law system based on the Swedish model; note - the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 17 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2015) election results: percent of vote by party - Kok 20.4%, SDP 19.1%, TF 19%, Kesk 15.8%, VAS 8.1%, VIHR 7.2%, SFP 4.3%, KD 4%, other 2%; seats by party - Kok 44, SDP 42, TF 39, Kesk 35, VAS 14, VIHR 10, SFP 9, KD 6, other 1 (the constituency of Aland)

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Maamme" (Our Land) lyrics/music: Johan Ludvig RUNEBERG/Fredrik PACIUS note: in use since 1848; although never officially adopted by law, the anthem has been popular since it was first sung by a student group in 1848; Estonia's anthem uses the same melody as that of Finland

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 6 December (1917)

National symbol(s) [time series]

lion

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Center Party or Kesk [Mari KIVINIEMI]; Christian Democrats or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green Party or VIHR [Anni SINNEMAKI]; Left Alliance or VAS [Paavo ARHINMAKI]; National Coalition Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Jutta URPILAINEN]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Stefan WALLIN]; The Finns or TF [Timo SOINI]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are a high standard of education, equality promotion, and national social security system - currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,155,368 females age 16-49: 1,106,193 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 955,151 females age 16-49: 912,983 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 32,599 female: 31,416 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Finnish Defense Forces (FDF): Army, Navy (includes Coastal Defense Forces), Air Force (Suomen Ilmavoimat) (2007)

Military expenditures [time series]

2% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 70

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for male voluntary and compulsory - and female voluntary - national military and nonmilitary service; service obligation 6-12 months; mandatory retirement at age 60 (2010)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 16% (male 429,450/female 414,570) 15-64 years: 66.1% (male 1,759,059/female 1,719,173) 65 years and over: 17.8% (male 385,671/female 551,327) (2011 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

10.37 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 183

Death rate [time series]

10.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 49

Drinking water source [time series]

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population (2008)

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

5.9% of GDP (2007) country comparison to the world: 33

Ethnic groups [time series]

Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.6%, Russian 0.5%, Estonian 0.3%, Roma (Gypsy) 0.1%, Sami 0.1% (2006)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 125

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

fewer than 100 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 138

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

2,600 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 130

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

11.7% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 14

Hospital bed density [time series]

6.52 beds/1,000 population (2008) country comparison to the world: 20

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 3.43 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 211 male: 3.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Languages [time series]

Finnish (official) 91.2%, Swedish (official) 5.5%, other (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) 3.3% (2007)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 79.27 years country comparison to the world: 39 male: 75.79 years female: 82.89 years (2011 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (2000 est.)

Major urban areas - population (Major cities - population) [time series]

HELSINKI (capital) 1.107 million (2009)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2008) country comparison to the world: 151

Median age [time series]

total: 42.5 years male: 40.8 years female: 44.3 years (2011 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Finn(s) adjective: Finnish

Net migration rate [time series]

0.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 60

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

15.7% (2008) country comparison to the world: 32

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

2.735 physicians/1,000 population (2008) country comparison to the world: 48

Population [time series]

5,259,250 (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 114

Population growth rate [time series]

0.075% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 185

Religions [time series]

Lutheran Church of Finland 82.5%, Orthodox Church 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 15.1% (2006)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population (2008)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 17 years male: 16 years female: 18 years (2008)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.73 children born/woman (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 163

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 20.5% country comparison to the world: 53 male: 22% female: 18.8% (2009)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 85% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union, but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands

Transportation

Airports [time series]

148 (2010) country comparison to the world: 38

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 75 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 26 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 22 under 914 m: 14 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 73 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 70 (2010)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 93 country comparison to the world: 53 by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 26, carrier 1, chemical tanker 6, container 3, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 16, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 28, vehicle carrier 3 foreign-owned: 6 (Cyprus 1, Estonia 2, Iceland 1, Norway 2) registered in other countries: 52 (Bahamas 8, Germany 5, Gibraltar 2, Liberia 2, Malta 2, Netherlands 14, Norway 1, Panama 2, Sweden 16) (2010)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 694 km (2010)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Helsinki, Kotka, Naantali, Porvoo, Raahe, Rauma

Railways [time series]

total: 5,919 km country comparison to the world: 31 broad gauge: 5,919 km 1.524-m gauge (3,067 km electrified) (2009)

Roadways [time series]

total: 78,141 km country comparison to the world: 61 paved: 50,914 km (includes 739 km of expressways) unpaved: 27,227 km (2009)

Waterways [time series]

7,842 km (includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia; water transport is used frequently in the summer and is widely replaced with sledges on the ice in winter; there are 187,888 lakes in Finland that cover 31,500 km) (2010) country comparison to the world: 18