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Communications

Internet country code [time series]

.hr

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

1.111 million (2008)

Internet users [time series]

1.995 million (2007)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 16, FM 98, shortwave 5 (1999)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: the telecommunications network has improved steadily since the mid-1990s; the number of fixed telephone lines holding steady at about 40 per 100 persons; the number of cellular telephone subscriptions exceeds the population domestic: more than 90 percent of local lines are digital international: country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece (2007)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

1.825 million (2007)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

5.035 million (2007)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

36 (plus 321 repeaters) (1995)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, barley, alfalfa, clover, olives, citrus, grapes, soybeans, potatoes; livestock, dairy products

Budget [time series]

revenues: $22.56 billion expenditures: $23.92 billion (2007 est.)

Central bank discount rate [time series]

9% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

9.33% (31 December 2007)

Exchange rates (Currency (code)) [time series]

kuna (HRK)

Current account balance [time series]

-$4.85 billion (2007 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$46.3 billion (30 June 2007)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

29 (2001)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Once one of the wealthiest of the Yugoslav republics, Croatia's economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war as output collapsed and the country missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Since 2000, however, Croatia's economic fortunes have begun to improve slowly, with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6% led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period has remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable. Nevertheless, difficult problems still remain, including a stubbornly high unemployment rate, a growing trade deficit and uneven regional development. The state retains a large role in the economy, as privatization efforts often meet stiff public and political resistance. While macroeconomic stabilization has largely been achieved, structural reforms lag because of deep resistance on the part of the public and lack of strong support from politicians. The EU accession process should accelerate fiscal and structural reform.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

15.57 billion kWh (2006 est.)

Electricity - exports [time series]

3.306 billion kWh (2006 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

8.374 billion kWh (2006 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

12.41 billion kWh (2006 est.)

Exchange rates [time series]

kuna (HRK) per US dollar - 5.3735 (2007), 5.8625 (2006), 5.9473 (2005), 6.0358 (2004), 6.7035 (2003)

Exports [time series]

$12.62 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

transport equipment, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels

Exports - partners [time series]

Italy 19.3%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 13.9%, Germany 10.2%, Slovenia 8.4%, Austria 6.2% (2007)

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$51.36 billion (2007 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$69.59 billion (2007 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 7.2% industry: 31.7% services: 61.2% (2007 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$15,500 (2007 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

5.7% (2007 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3.4% highest 10%: 24.5% (2003 est.)

Imports [time series]

$25.99 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

Italy 16.1%, Germany 14.4%, Russia 10.1%, China 6.2%, Slovenia 6%, Austria 5.3% (2007)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

5.3% (2007 est.)

Industries [time series]

chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

4.5% (2007 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

30.1% of GDP (2007 est.)

Labor force [time series]

1.749 million (2007 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 2.7% industry: 32.8% services: 64.5% (2004)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$29.01 billion (2006)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

2.73 billion cu m (2006 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2007 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

1.103 billion cu m (2005)

Natural gas - production [time series]

1.58 billion cu m (2006 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

28.54 billion cu m (1 January 2008 est.)

Oil - consumption [time series]

101,800 bbl/day (2006 est.)

Oil - exports [time series]

43,680 bbl/day (2005)

Oil - imports [time series]

112,200 bbl/day (2005)

Oil - production [time series]

23,620 bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil - proved reserves [time series]

79.15 million bbl (1 January 2008 est.)

Public debt [time series]

47.8% of GDP (2007 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$13.67 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$3.161 billion (2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$23.13 billion (2007 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$45.7 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of narrow money (Stock of money) [time series]

$11.61 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of narrow money (Stock of quasi money) [time series]

$31.86 billion (31 December 2007)

Unemployment rate [time series]

11.8% (2007 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 56,542 sq km land: 56,414 sq km water: 128 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate [time series]

Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

Coastline [time series]

5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Dinara 1,830 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Geographic coordinates [time series]

45 10 N, 15 30 E

Geography - note [time series]

controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks

Irrigated land [time series]

110 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,982 km border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia 241 km, Montenegro 25 km, Slovenia 455 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 25.82% permanent crops: 2.19% other: 71.99% (2005)

Location [time series]

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Natural hazards [time series]

destructive earthquakes

Natural resources [time series]

oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower

Terrain [time series]

geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands

Total renewable water resources [time series]

105.5 cu km (1998)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular); Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska, Brodsko-Posavska, Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka, Koprivnicko-Krizevacka, Krapinsko-Zagorska, Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska, Osjecko-Baranjska, Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska, Sibensko-Kninska, Sisacko-Moslavacka, Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska, Viroviticko-Podravska, Vukovarsko-Srijemska, Zadarska, Zagreb*, Zagrebacka

Capital [time series]

name: Zagreb geographic coordinates: 45 48 N, 16 00 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Constitution [time series]

adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Croatia conventional short form: Croatia local long form: Republika Hrvatska local short form: Hrvatska former: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Robert A. BRADTKE embassy: 2 Thomas Jefferson Street, 10010 Zagreb mailing address: use street address telephone: [385] (1) 661-2200 FAX: [385] (1) 661-2373

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC chancery: 2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 588-5899 FAX: [1] (202) 588-8936 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Stjepan (Stipe) MESIC (since 18 February 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Ivo SANADER (since 9 December 2003); Deputy Prime Ministers Jadranka KOSOR (since 23 December 2003) and Damir POLANCEC (since 15 February 2005), Djurdja ADLESIC (since 12 January 2008), Slobodan UZELAC (since 12 January 2008) cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the parliamentary Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 16 January 2005 (next to be held in January 2010); the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president and then approved by the Assembly election results: Stjepan MESIC reelected president; percent of vote - Stjepan MESIC 66%, Jadranka KOSOR 34% in the second round

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue superimposed by the Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)

Government type [time series]

presidential/parliamentary democracy

Independence [time series]

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

International organization participation [time series]

ACCT (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SECI, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by the Assembly

Legal system [time series]

based on Austro-Hungarian law system with Communist law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Assembly or Sabor (153 seats; members elected from party lists by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 25 November 2007 (next to be held in November 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; number of seats by party - HDZ 66, SDP 56, HNS 7, HSS 6, HDSSB 3, IDS 3, SDSS 3, other 9

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 8 October (1991); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian Parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, Parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Vladimir SISLJAGIC]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Ivo SANADER]; Croatian Party of the Right or HSP [Anto DJAPIC]; Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Josip FRISCIC]; Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Vladimir JORDAN]; Croatian People's Party or HNS [Vesna PUSIC]; Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Djurdja ADLESIC]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

other: human rights groups

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)

Introduction

Background [time series]

The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent Communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,035,712 females age 16-49: 1,037,896 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 771,323 females age 16-49: 855,937 (2008 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 27,500 female: 25,893 (2008 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH), consists of five major commands directly subordinate to a General Staff: Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM), Air Force (Hrvatsko Ratno Zrakoplovstvo, HRZ), Joint Education and Training Command, Logistics Command; Military Police Force supports each of the three Croatian military forces (2008)

Military expenditures [time series]

2.39% of GDP (2005 est.)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18-27 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary service; 6-month conscript service obligation; full conversion to professional military service by 2010 (2006)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 15.8% (male 363,551/female 345,132) 15-64 years: 67.2% (male 1,501,949/female 1,517,962) 65 years and over: 17% (male 295,229/female 467,720) (2008 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

9.64 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Death rate [time series]

11.66 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

4.5% of GDP (2004)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma) (2001 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

less than 0.1% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

fewer than 10 (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

200 (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 6.49 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Languages [time series]

Croatian 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated 2.9% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) (2001 census)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 75.13 years male: 71.49 years female: 78.97 years (2008 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.1% male: 99.3% female: 97.1% (2001 census)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Median age [time series]

total: 40.8 years male: 38.9 years female: 42.6 years (2008 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s) adjective: Croatian

Net migration rate [time series]

1.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Population [time series]

4,491,543 (July 2008 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

-0.043% (2008 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 87.8%, Orthodox 4.4%, other Christian 0.4%, Muslim 1.3%, other and unspecified 0.9%, none 5.2% (2001 census)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 14 years male: 13 years female: 14 years (2006)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.41 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small disputed sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreement; the Croatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement, which would have ceded most of Pirin Bay and maritime access to Slovenia and several villages to Croatia, remains un-ratified and in dispute; Slovenia also protests Croatia's 2003 claim to an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic; as a European Union peripheral state, Slovenia imposed a hard border Schengen regime with non-member Croatia in December 2007

Illicit drugs [time series]

transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

IDPs: 2,900-7,000 (Croats and Serbs displaced in 1992-95 war) (2007)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

68 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 23 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 9 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 45 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 37 (2007)

Heliports [time series]

2 (2007)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 80 by type: bulk carrier 25, cargo 11, chemical tanker 3, passenger/cargo 30, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2 registered in other countries: 30 (Bahamas 1, Belize 2, Liberia 2, Malta 9, Marshall Islands 6, Panama 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7) (2008)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 1,556 km; oil 583 km (2007)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Omisalj, Ploce, Rijeka, Sibenik, Vukovar (on Danube)

Railways [time series]

total: 2,726 km standard gauge: 2,726 km 1.435-m gauge (1,199 km electrified) (2006)

Roadways [time series]

total: 28,788 km (includes 877 km of expressways) (2006)

Waterways [time series]

785 km (2007)