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Communications

Airports [time series]

8 total, NA usable; NA with permanent-surface runways; NA with runways over 3,659 m; 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; NA with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 with runways 900 m

Civil air [time series]

NA major transport aircraft

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

32,071 km total (1990); 23,305 km paved, 8,439 km gravel, 327 km earth

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

785 km perennially navigable

Merchant marine [time series]

11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 60,802 GRT/65,560 DWT; includes 1 cargo, 3 roll-on/roll-off, 5 passenger ferries, 2 bulk carriers; note - also controlled by Croatian shipowners are 196 ships (1,000 GRT or over) under flags of convenience - primarily Malta and St. Vincent - totaling 2,593,429 GRT/4,101,119 DWT; includes 91 general cargo, 7 roll-on/ roll-off, 6 refrigerated cargo, 13 container ships, 3 multifunction large load carriers, 52 bulk carriers, 3 passenger ships, 11 petroleum tankers, 4 chemical tankers, 6 service vessels

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil 670 km, petroleum products 20 km, natural gas 310 km

Ports [time series]

maritime - Rijeka, Split, Kardeljevo (Ploce); inland - Vukovar, Osijek, Sisak, Vinkovci

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

2,698 km (34.5% electrified)

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

350,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 14 AM, 8 FM, 12 (2 repeaters) TV; 1,100,000 radios; 1,027,000 TVs; NA submarine coaxial cables; satellite ground stations - none

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Frontier Guard, Home Guard, Civil Defense

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$NA, NA% of GDP

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, 1,188,576; NA fit for military service; 42,664 reach military age (18) annually

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

Croatia normally produces a food surplus; most agricultural land in private hands and concentrated in Croat-majority districts in Slavonia and Istria; much of Slavonia's land has been put out of production by fighting; wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, alfalfa, and clover are main crops in Slavonia; central Croatian highlands are less fertile but support cereal production, orchards, vineyards, livestock breeding, and dairy farming; coastal areas and offshore islands grow olives, citrus fruits, and vegetables

Budget [time series]

revenues $NA million; expenditures $NA million, including capital expenditures of $NA million

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Croatian dinar(s)

Economic aid [time series]

Electricity [time series]

3,570,000 kW capacity; 8,830 million kWh produced, 1,855 kWh per capita 1991)

Exchange rates [time series]

Croatian dinar per US $1 - 60.00 (April 1992)

Exports [time series]

$2.9 billion (1990) commodities: machinery and transport equipment (30%), other manufacturers (37%), chemicals (11%), food and live animals (9%), raw materials (6.5%), fuels and lubricants (5%) partners: principally the other former Yugoslav republics

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$2.6 billion (may assume some part of foreign debt of former Yugoslavia)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

NA - $26.3 billion, per capita $5,600; real growth rate -25% (1991 est.)

Imports [time series]

$4.4 billion (1990) commodities: machinery and transport equipment (21%), fuels and lubricants (19%), food and live animals (16%), chemicals (14%), manufactured goods (13%), miscellaneous manufactured articles (9%), raw materials (6.5%), beverages and tobacco (1%) partners: principally other former Yugoslav republics

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

declined as much as 11% in 1990 and probably another 29% in 1991

Industries [time series]

chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum reduction, paper, wood products (including furniture), building materials (including cement), textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food processing and beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

14.3% (March 1992)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Before the political disintegration of Yugoslavia, the republic of Croatia stood next to Slovenia as the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita output roughly comparable to that of Portugal and perhaps one-third above the Yugoslav average. Serbia and the Serb-dominated army of the old Yugoslavia, however, have seized Croatian territory, and the overriding determinant of Croatia's long-term economic prospects will be the final border settlement. Under the most favorable circumstances, Croatia will retain the Dalmatian coast with its major tourist attractions and Slavonia with its oilfields and rich agricultural land. Even so, Croatia would face monumental problems stemming from: the legacy of longtime Communist mismanagement of the economy; large foreign debt; damage during the fighting to bridges, factories, powerlines, buildings, and houses; and the disruption of economic ties to Serbia and the other former Yugoslav republics. At the minimum, extensive Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil industries, would seem necessary to salvage a desperate economic situation. However, peace and political stability must come first.

Unemployment rate [time series]

20% (December 1991)

Geography

Climate [time series]

Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

Coastline [time series]

5,790 km; mainland 1,778 km, islands 4,012 km

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Disputes - international (Disputes) [time series]

Serbian enclaves in eastern Slavonia and along the western Bosnia and Hercegovinian border; dispute with Slovenia over fishing rights in Adriatic

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

air pollution from metallurgical plants; damaged forest; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; subject to frequent and destructive earthquakes

Area (Land area) [time series]

56,410 km2

Land boundaries [time series]

1,843 km; Bosnia and Hercegovina (east) 751 km, Bosnia and Hercegovina (southeast) 91 km, Hungary 292 km, Serbia and Montenegro 254 km, Slovenia 455 km

Land use [time series]

32% arable land; 20% permanent crops; 18% meadows and pastures; 15% forest and woodland; 9% other; includes 5% irrigated

Maritime claims [time series]

Contiguous zone: NA nm Continental shelf: 200-meter depth or to depth of exploitation Exclusive economic zone: 12 nm Exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm Territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural resources [time series]

oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, fruit, livestock

Note [time series]

controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits

Terrain [time series]

geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coast, coastline, and islands

Area (Total area) [time series]

56,538 km2

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

102 districts (opcine, singular - opcina)

Capital [time series]

Zagreb

Constitution [time series]

promulgated on 22 December 1990

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

Ambassador Dr. Franc Vinko GOLEM, Office of Republic of Croatia, 256 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036; telephone (202) 543-5586 US: Ambassador NA; Embassy at NA (mailing address is APO New York is 09862); telephone NA

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

Parliament: last held May 1990 (next to be held NA); results - HDZ won 205 seats; seats - 349 (total) President: NA

Executive branch [time series]

president, prime minister

Flag [time series]

red, white, and blue with Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)

Independence [time series]

June 1991 from Yugoslavia

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court, Constitutional Court

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: President Franjo TUDJMAN (since April 1990), Vice President NA (since NA) Head of Government: Prime Minister Franjo GREGURIC (since August 1991), Deputy Prime Minister Mila RAMLJAK (since NA )

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; judicial/no judicial review of legislative acts; does/does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

None

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

CSCE

National holiday [time series]

30 May, Statehood Day (1990)

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Christian Democratic Union, TUDJMAN; Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), Stjepan Mesic; Croatian National Party, Savka DABCEVIC-KUCAR; Croatian Christian Democratic Party (HKDS), Ivan CESAR; Croatian Party of Rights, Dobroslav Paraga; Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS), Drazen BUDISA

Suffrage [time series]

at age 16 if employed, universal at age 18

Government type (Type) [time series]

parliamentary democracy

People

Birth rate [time series]

12.2 births/1,000 population (1991)

Death rate [time series]

11.3 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Croat 78%, Serb 12%, Muslims 0.9%, Hungarian 0.5%, Slovenian 0.5%, others 7.8%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

10 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

Labor force [time series]

1,509,489; industry and mining 37%, agriculture 4%, government NA%, other

Languages [time series]

Serbo-Croatian 96%

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

67 years male, 74 years female (1980-82)

Literacy [time series]

96.5% (male 98.6%, female 94.5%) age 10 and over can read and write (1991 census)

Nationality [time series]

noun - Croat(s); adjective - Croatian

Net migration rate [time series]

NA migrants/1,000 population (1991)

Organized labor [time series]

Population [time series]

4,784,000 (July 1991), growth rate 0.39% (for the period 1981-91)

Religions [time series]

Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Slavic Muslim 1.2%, Protestant 1.4%, others and unknown 11%

Total fertility rate [time series]

NA children born/woman (1991)