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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 75 usable: 70 with permanent-surface runways: 16 with runways over 3,659 m: 0 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 5

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 32,071 km paved: 23,305 km unpaved: gravel 8,439 km; earth 327 km (1990)

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

785 km perennially navigable

Merchant marine [time series]

28 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 108,194 GRT/131,880 DWT, cargo 18, container 1, oil tanker 1, passenger 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, short-sea passenger 3 note: also controlled by Croatian shipowners are 151 ships (1,000 GRT or over) under flags of convenience - primarily Malta and St. Vincent - totaling 2,221,931 GRT/3,488,263 DWT; includes cargo 60, roll-on/ roll-off 8, refrigerated cargo 4, container 12, multifunction large load carriers 3, bulk 45, oil tanker 9, liquified gas 1, chemical tanker 4, service vessel 5

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil 670 km; petroleum products 20 km; natural gas 310 km (1992); note - now disrupted because of territorial dispute

Ports [time series]

coastal - Omisalj (oil), Ploce, Rijeka, Split; inland - Osijek, Slavonski Samac, Vukovar, Zupanja

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

2,592 km of standard guage (1.435 m) of which 864 km are electrified (1992); note - disrupted by territorial dispute

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

350,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 14 AM, 8 FM, 12 (2 repeaters) TV; 1,100,000 radios; 1,027,000 TVs; satellite ground stations - none

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

337 billion-393 billion Croatian dinars, NA% of GDP (1993 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 1,182,767; fit for military service 946,010; reach military age (19) annually 33,166 (1994 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

Croatia normally produces a food surplus; most agricultural land in private hands and concentrated in Croat-majority districts in Slavonia and Istria; much of Slavonia's land has been put out of production by fighting; wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, alfalfa, and clover are main crops in Slavonia; central Croatian highlands are less fertile but support cereal production, orchards, vineyards, livestock breeding, and dairy farming; coastal areas and offshore islands grow olives, citrus fruits, and vegetables

Budget [time series]

revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 Croatian dinar (CD) = 100 paras; a new currency, the kuna, replaced the dinar on 30 May 1994

Economic aid [time series]

$NA

Electricity [time series]

capacity: 3,570,000 kW production: 11.5 billion kWh consumption per capita: 2,400 kWh (1992)

Exchange rates [time series]

Croatian dinar per US $1 - 6,544 (January 1994), 3,637 (15 July 1993), 60.00 (April 1992)

Exports [time series]

$3.9 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: machinery and transport equipment 30%, other manufacturers 37%, chemicals 11%, food and live animals 9%, raw materials 6.5%, fuels and lubricants 5% (1990) partners: EC countries, Slovenia

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$2.6 billion (December 1993)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Imports [time series]

$4.7 billion (c.i.f., 1993) commodities: machinery and transport equipment 21%, fuels and lubricants 19%, food and live animals 16%, chemicals 14%, manufactured goods 13%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 9%, raw materials 6.5%, beverages and tobacco 1% (1990) partners: EC countries, Slovenia, FSU countries

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate -5.9% (1993 est.)

Industries [time series]

chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum reduction, paper, wood products (including furniture), building materials (including cement), textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food processing and beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

26% monthly average (1993 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $21.8 billion (1992 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$4,500 (1992 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

-19% (1992 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the republic of Croatia, after Slovenia, was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita output roughly comparable to that of Portugal and perhaps one-third above the Yugoslav average. At present, Croatian Serb Nationalists control approximately one-third of the Croatian territory, and one of the overriding determinants of Croatia's long-term political and economic prospects will be the resolution of this territorial dispute. Croatia faces monumental economic problems stemming from: the legacy of longtime Communist mismanagement of the economy; large foreign debt; damage during the fighting to bridges, factories, power lines, buildings, and houses; the large refugee population, both Croatian and Bosnian; and the disruption of economic ties to Serbia and the other former Yugoslav republics, as well as within its own territory. At the minimum, extensive Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil industries, would seem necessary to salvage a desperate economic situation. However, peace and political stability must come first; only then will recent government moves toward a "market-friendly" economy reverse the sharp drop in output. As of May 1994, fighting continues among Croats, Serbs, and Muslims, and national boundaries and final political arrangements are still in doubt.

Unemployment rate [time series]

21% (December 1993)

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 56,538 sq km land area: 56,410 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate [time series]

Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

Coastline [time series]

5,790 km (mainland 1,778 km, islands 4,012 km)

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; widespread casualties and destruction of infrastructure in border areas affected by civil strife natural hazards: subject to frequent and destructive earthquakes international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

Serbs have occupied UN protected areas in eastern Croatia and along the western Bosnia and Herzegovinian border; dispute with Slovenia over fishing rights in Adriatic

Irrigated land [time series]

NA sq km

Land boundaries [time series]

total 2,028 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia and Montenegro 266 km (241 km with Serbia; 25 km with Montenego), Slovenia 501 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 32% permanent crops: 20% meadows and pastures: 18% forest and woodland: 15% other: 15%

Location [time series]

Balkan State, Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina

Map references [time series]

Africa, Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural resources [time series]

oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt

Note [time series]

controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits

Terrain [time series]

geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coast, coastline, and islands

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

21 counties (zupanijas, zupanija - singular): Bjelovar-Bilogora, City of Zagreb, Dubrovnik-Neretva, Istra, Karlovac, Koprivnica-Krizevci, Krapina-Zagorje, Lika-Senj, Medimurje, Osijek-Baranja, Pozega-Slavonija, Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Sibenik, Sisak-Moslavina, Slavonski Brod-Posavina, Split-Dalmatia, Varazdin, Virovitica-Podravina, Vukovar-Srijem, Zadar-Knin, Zagreb

Capital [time series]

Zagreb

Constitution [time series]

adopted on 2 December 1990

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Petr A. SARCEVIC chancery: (temporary) 236 Massachusetts Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20002 telephone: (202) 543-5580

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Franjo TUDJMAN (since 30 May 1990); election last held 4 August 1992 (next to be held NA 1995); Franjo TUDJMAN reelected with about 56% of the vote; his opponent Dobroslav PARAGA got 5% of the vote head of government: Prime Minister Nikica VALENTIC (since 3 April 1993); Deputy Prime Ministers Mato GRANIC (since 8 September 1992), Ivica KOSTOVIC (since NA), Vladimir SEKS (since September 1992), Borislav SKEGRO (since NA) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[385] (41) 45 85 85

Flag [time series]

red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)

Legislative branch (House of Districts (Zupanije Dom)) [time series]

elections last held 7 and 21 February 1993 (next to be held NA February 1997); seats - (68 total; 63 elected, 5 presidentially appointed) HDZ 37, HSLS 16, HSS 5, Istrian Democratic Assembly 3, SPH-SDP 1, HNS 1

Legislative branch (House of Representatives (Predstavnicke Dom)) [time series]

elections last held 2 August 1992 (next to be held NA August 1996); seats - (138 total) HDZ 85, HSLS 14, SPH-SDP 11, HNS 6, Dalmatian Action/Istrian Democratic Assembly/ Rijeka Democratic Alliance coalition 6, HSP 5, HSS 3, SNS 3, independents 5

Independence [time series]

NA June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court, Constitutional Court

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral parliament Assembly (Sabor)

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

CE (guest), CEI, CSCE, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Croatia conventional short form: Croatia local long form: Republika Hrvatska local short form: Hrvatska

National holiday [time series]

Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), Stjepan MESIC, chairman of the executive council; Croatian People's Party (HNS), Savka DABCEVIC-KUCAR, president; Serbian People's Party (SNS), Milan DUKIC; Croatian Party of Rights (HSP), leader NA; Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS), Drazen BUDISA, president; Croatian Peasant Party (HSS), leader NA; Dalmatian Action/Istrian Democratic Assembly/Rijecka Democratic Alliance coalition; Social Democratic Party of Croatia-Party of Democratic Changes (SPH-SDP), Ivica RACAN

Suffrage [time series]

16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal

Government type (Type) [time series]

parliamentary democracy

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Peter W. GALBRAITH embassy: Andrije Hebranga 2, Zagreb mailing address: US Embassy, Zagreb, Unit 1345, APO AE 09213-1345 telephone: [385] (41) 444-800

People

Birth rate [time series]

11.27 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate [time series]

10.54 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Croat 78%, Serb 12%, Muslim 0.9%, Hungarian 0.5%, Slovenian 0.5%, others 8.1%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

8.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Labor force [time series]

1,509,489 by occupation: industry and mining 37%, agriculture 16% (1981 est.), government NA%, other

Languages [time series]

Serbo-Croatian 96%, other 4%

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 73.6 years male: 70.14 years female: 77.26 years (1994 est.)

Literacy [time series]

total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Croat(s) adjective: Croatian

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Population [time series]

4,697,614 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

0.07% (1994 est.)

Religions [time series]

Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Slavic Muslim 1.2%, Protestant 0.4%, others and unknown 10.8%

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.65 children born/woman (1994 est.)