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Communications

Internet users (Internet Service Providers (ISPs)) [time series]

9 (2000)

Internet country code [time series]

.hr

Internet users [time series]

100,000 (1999)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 16, FM 98, shortwave 5 (1999)

Radios [time series]

1.51 million (1997)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: NA domestic: reconstruction plan calls for replacement of all analog circuits with digital and enlarging the network; a backup will be included in the plan for the main trunk international: digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project which consists of two fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; Croatia is also investing in ADRIA 1, a joint fiber-optic project with Germany, Albania, and Greece (2000)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

1.488 million (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

187,000 (yearend 1998)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

36 (plus 321 repeaters) (September 1995)

Televisions [time series]

1.22 million (1997)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, alfalfa, clover, olives, citrus, grapes, soy beans, potatoes; livestock, dairy products

Budget [time series]

revenues: $6 billion expenditures: $4.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

kuna (HRK)

Exchange rates (Currency code) [time series]

HRK

Debt - external [time series]

$9.9 billion (December 1999)

Economic aid (Economic aid - recipient) [time series]

$NA

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Republic of Croatia, after Slovenia, was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita output perhaps one-third above the Yugoslav average. Croatia faces considerable economic problems stemming from: the legacy of longtime communist mismanagement of the economy; damage during the internecine fighting to bridges, factories, power lines, buildings, and houses; the large refugee and displaced population, both Croatian and Bosnian; and the disruption of economic ties. Stepped-up Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil industries, would help bolster the economy. The economy emerged from its mild recession in 2000 with tourism the main factor. Massive unemployment remains a key negative element. The government's failure to press the economic reforms needed to spur growth is largely the result of coalition politics and public resistance, particularly from the trade unions, to measures that would cut jobs, wages, or social benefits.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

13.643 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports [time series]

1 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports [time series]

4.45 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - production [time series]

10.96 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source [time series]

fossil fuel: 40.89% hydro: 59% nuclear: 0% other: 0.11% (1999)

Exchange rates [time series]

kuna per US dollar - 8.089 (January 2001), 8.277 (2000), 7.112 (1999), 6.362 (1998), 6.101 (1997), 5.434 (1996)

Exports [time series]

$4.3 billion (f.o.b., 1999)

Exports - commodities [time series]

transport equipment, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels

Exports - partners [time series]

Italy 18%, Germany 15.7%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 12.8%, Slovenia 10.6%, Austria 6.2% (1999)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $24.9 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 10% industry: 19% services: 71% (1999 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $5,800 (2000 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

3.2% (2000 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports [time series]

$7.8 billion (c.i.f., 1999)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery, transport and electrical equipment, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

Germany 18.5%, Italy 15.9%, Russia 8.6%, Slovenia 7.9%, Austria 7.1% (1999)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

1.7% (2000)

Industries [time series]

chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages; tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

6% (2000 est.)

Labor force [time series]

1.68 million (October 2000)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Population below poverty line [time series]

4% (1999 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

22% (October 2000)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 56,542 sq km land: 56,414 sq km water: 128 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate [time series]

Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

Coastline [time series]

5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Dinara 1,830 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Geographic coordinates [time series]

45 10 N, 15 30 E

Geography - note [time series]

controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits

Irrigated land [time series]

30 sq km (1993 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 2,028 km border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Yugoslavia 266 km, Slovenia 501 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 21% permanent crops: 2% permanent pastures: 20% forests and woodland: 38% other: 19% (1993 est.)

Location [time series]

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation territorial sea: 12 NM

Natural hazards [time series]

destructive earthquakes

Natural resources [time series]

oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower

Terrain [time series]

geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular), 1 city (grad -singular)*: Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska Zupanija, Brodsko-Posavska Zupanija, Dubrovacko-Neretvanska Zupanija, Istarska Zupanija, Karlovacka Zupanija, Koprivnicko-Krizevacka Zupanija, Krapinsko-Zagorska Zupanija, Licko-Senjska Zupanija, Medimurska Zupanija, Osjecko-Baranjska Zupanija, Pozesko-Slavonska Zupanija, Primorsko-Goranska Zupanija, Sibensko-Kninska Zupanija, Sisacko-Moslavacka Zupanija, Splitsko-Dalmatinska Zupanija, Varazdinska Zupanija, Viroviticko-Podravska Zupanija, Vukovarsko-Srijemska Zupanija, Zadarska Zupanija, Zagreb*, Zagrebacka Zupanija

Capital [time series]

Zagreb

Constitution [time series]

adopted on 22 December 1990

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Croatia conventional short form: Croatia local long form: Republika Hrvatska local short form: Hrvatska

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Lawrence G. ROSSIN embassy: Andrije Hebranga 2, 100000 Zagreb mailing address: use street address telephone: [385] (1) 455-55-00

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Ivan GRDESIC chancery: 2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 588-5899

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Stjepan (Stipe) MESIC (since 18 February 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Ivica RACAN (since 27 January 2000); Deputy Prime Ministers Goran GRANIC (since 27 January 2000), Zeljka ANTUNOVIC (since 27 January 2000), Slavko LINIC (since 27 January 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the House of Representatives elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 7 February 2000 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister nominated by the president in line with the balance of power in the Assembly election results: Stjepan MESIC elected president; percent of vote - Stjepan MESIC (HNS) 56%, Drazen BUDISA (HSLS) 44% note: government coalition - SDP, HSLS, HSS, LP, HNS, IDS

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[1] (202) 588-8936 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Cleveland, Los Angeles, New York

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[385] (1) 455-85-85

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)

Government type [time series]

presidential/parliamentary democracy

Independence [time series]

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

International organization participation [time series]

BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by the House of Representatives

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral Assembly or Sabor consists of the House of Counties or Zupanijski Dom (68 seats, 63 directly elected by popular vote, 5 appointed by the president; members serve four-year terms; note - House of Counties to be abolished in 2001) and House of Representatives or the Zastupnicki Dom (151 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: House of Counties - last held 13 April 1997; House of Representatives - last held 2-3 January 2000 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: House of Counties - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HDZ 42, HSLS/HSS 11, HSS 2, IDS 2, SDP/PGS/HNS 2, SDP/HNS 2, HSLS/HSS/HNS 1, HSLS 1; note - in some districts certain parties ran as coalitions, while in others they ran alone; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HDZ 46, SDP 44, HSLS 24, HSS 17, HSP/HKDU 5, IDS 4, HNS 2, independents 4, minority representatives 5

National holiday [time series]

Republic Day/Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Alliance of Croatian Coast and Mountains Department or PGS [Luciano SUSANJ]; Croatian Christian Democratic Union or HKDU [Marko VESELICA]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Ivo SANADER]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Dobroslav PARAGA]; Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Zlatko TOMCIC]; Croatian People's Party or HNS [Vesna PUSIC]; Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Drazen BUDISA]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Liberal Party or LP [leader NA]; Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Ivica RACAN] note: the Social Democratic Party or SDP and the Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS formed a coalition as did the HSS, HNS, LP, and IDS, which together defeated the Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ in the 2000 lower house parliamentary election

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)

Introduction

Background [time series]

In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became an independent communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands. Under UN supervision the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998.

Military

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

$575 million (2000)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

3.8% (2000)

Military manpower - availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,085,877 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service [time series]

males age 15-49: 859,621 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - military age [time series]

19 years of age

Military manpower - reaching military age annually [time series]

males: 30,037 (2001 est.)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 18.16% (male 403,722; female 383,151) 15-64 years: 66.61% (male 1,452,872; female 1,434,086) 65 years and over: 15.23% (male 245,727; female 414,584) (2001 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

12.82 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate [time series]

11.41 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Croat 78.1%, Serb 12.2%, Bosniak 0.9%, Hungarian 0.5%, Slovenian 0.5%, Czech 0.4%, Albanian 0.3%, Montenegrin 0.3%, Roma 0.2%, others 6.6% (1991)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.02% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

less than 100 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

350 (1999 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

7.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Languages [time series]

Croatian 96%, other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 73.9 years male: 70.28 years female: 77.73 years (2001 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 99% female: 95% (1991 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Croat(s) adjective: Croatian

Net migration rate [time series]

13.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Population [time series]

4,334,142 (July 2001 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

1.48% (2001 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Muslim 1.2%, Protestant 0.4%, others and unknown 10.8% (1991)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.94 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Croatia and Italy made progress toward resolving a bilateral issue dating from World War II over property and ethnic minority rights; progress with Slovenia on discussions of adjustments to land boundary, but problems remain in defining maritime boundary in Gulf of Piran; Croatia and Yugoslavia are negotiating the status of the strategically important Prevlaka Peninsula, which is currently under a UN military observer mission (UNMOP)

Illicit drugs [time series]

transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe; a minor transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe

Transportation

Airports [time series]

67 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 22 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 8 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 45 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 36 (2000 est.)

Heliports [time series]

1 (2000 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 27,840 km paved: 23,497 km (including 330 km of expressways) unpaved: 4,343 km (1998)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 53 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 631,853 GRT/969,739 DWT ships by type: bulk 11, cargo 18, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 5, container 3, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 3 (2000 est.)

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil 670 km; petroleum products 20 km; natural gas 310 km (1992)

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

Dubrovnik, Dugi Rat, Omisalj, Ploce, Pula, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split, Vukovar (inland waterway port on Danube), Zadar

Railways [time series]

total: 2,296 km standard gauge: 2,296 km 1.435-m gauge (983 km electrified) (2000)

Waterways [time series]

785 km note: (perennially navigable; large sections of Sava blocked by downed bridges, silt, and debris)