Uganda

total: 44,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1

public broadcaster, Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC), operates radio and TV networks; 31 Free-To-Air (FTA) TV stations, 2 digital terrestrial TV stations, 3 cable TV stations, and 5 digital satellite TV stations; 258 FM stations

.ug

percent of population: 15% (2023 est.)

total subscriptions: 116,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1

total subscriptions: 41.6 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 83 (2024 est.)

plantains, sugarcane, milk, maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, vegetables, beans, potatoes, tea (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

on food: 38.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 1.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

revenues: $7.616 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $10.043 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

-$3.766 billion (2023 est.) -$4.064 billion (2022 est.) -$3.605 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$10.469 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

low-income, primarily agrarian East African economy; COVID-19 hurt economic growth and poverty reduction; lower oil prices threaten prior sector investments; endemic corruption; natural resource rich; high female labor force participation but undervalued

Ugandan shillings (UGX) per US dollar - 3,757.263 (2024 est.) 3,726.14 (2023 est.) 3,689.817 (2022 est.) 3,587.052 (2021 est.) 3,718.249 (2020 est.)

$9.084 billion (2023 est.) $6.116 billion (2022 est.) $6.231 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

gold, coffee, fish, refined petroleum, tobacco (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

India 21%, UAE 16%, Hong Kong 10%, South Sudan 8%, Kenya 6% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

$53.652 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

household consumption: 66.3% (2024 est.) government consumption: 10% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 21.5% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: 0.8% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 16.9% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -24.6% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

agriculture: 24.7% (2024 est.) industry: 24.9% (2024 est.) services: 43.1% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

42.7 (2019 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

lowest 10%: 2.4% (2019 est.) highest 10%: 34.5% (2019 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

$13.853 billion (2023 est.) $11.079 billion (2022 est.) $10.62 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

refined petroleum, gold, plastics, packaged medicine, palm oil (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

China 19%, UAE 12%, Tanzania 11%, India 10%, Kenya 7% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

4.9% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

sugar processing, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production

3.3% (2024 est.) 5.4% (2023 est.) 7.2% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

22.829 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

20.3% (2019 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line

53.1% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

$144.137 billion (2024 est.) $135.803 billion (2023 est.) $128.923 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

6.1% (2024 est.) 5.3% (2023 est.) 4.6% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

$2,900 (2024 est.) $2,800 (2023 est.) $2,700 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

2.9% of GDP (2023 est.) 2.7% of GDP (2022 est.) 2.9% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

$3.359 billion (2018 est.) $3.721 billion (2017 est.) $3.098 billion (2016 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

13% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

3% (2024 est.) 2.8% (2023 est.) 2.9% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

total: 4.5% (2024 est.) male: 3.5% (2024 est.) female: 5.5% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

consumption: 19 metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 100 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 19 metric tons (2023 est.) proven reserves: 799.999 million metric tons (2023 est.)

installed generating capacity: 1.452 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 4.254 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 400.349 million kWh (2023 est.) imports: 23.289 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 1.116 billion kWh (2023 est.)

electrification - total population: 47.1% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 72% electrification - rural areas: 35.9%

fossil fuels: 2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 86.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 8.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

2.252 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

proven reserves: 14.158 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 44,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 2.5 billion barrels (2021 est.)

6.354 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: -398 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 6.354 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast

draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial discharge and water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; widespread poaching

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

agricultural land: 71.9% (2023 est.) arable land: 34.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 11% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 26.5% (2023 est.) forest: 12.1% (2023 est.) other: 16% (2023 est.)

31.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

60.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

municipal: 328 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 50 million cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 259 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

urban population: 26.8% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 5.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 7.045 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 24.1% (2022 est.)

total : 241,038 sq km land: 197,100 sq km water: 43,938 sq km

slightly more than two times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon

tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast

0 km (landlocked)

highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m lowest point: Albert Nile 614 m

1 00 N, 32 00 E

landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers; Lake Victoria, the world's largest tropical lake and second-largest freshwater lake, is shared among three countries: Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda

105 sq km (2013)

total: 2,729 km border countries (5): Democratic Republic of the Congo 877 km; Kenya 814 km; Rwanda 172 km; South Sudan 475 km; Tanzania 391 km

agricultural land: 71.9% (2023 est.) arable land: 34.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 11% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 26.5% (2023 est.) forest: 12.1% (2023 est.) other: 16% (2023 est.)

East-Central Africa, west of Kenya, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

fresh water lake(s): Lake Victoria (shared with Tanzania and Kenya) - 62,940 sq km; Lake Albert (shared with Democratic Republic of Congo) - 5,590 sq km; Lake Kyoga - 4,430 sq km; Lake Edward (shared with Democratic Republic of Congo) - 2,150 sq km

Nile (shared with Rwanda [s], Tanzania, South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt [m]) - 6,650 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)

Africa

none (landlocked)

droughts; floods; earthquakes; landslides; hailstorms

copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land, gold

population density is relatively high in comparison to other African nations; most of the population is concentrated in the central and southern parts of the country, particularly along the shores of Lake Victoria and Lake Albert; the northeast is least populated, as shown in this population distribution map

mostly plateau with rim of mountains

134 districts and 1 capital city*; Abim, Adjumani, Agago, Alebtong, Amolatar, Amudat, Amuria, Amuru, Apac, Arua, Budaka, Bududa, Bugiri, Bugweri, Buhweju, Buikwe, Bukedea, Bukomansimbi, Bukwo, Bulambuli, Buliisa, Bundibugyo, Bunyangabu, Bushenyi, Busia, Butaleja, Butambala, Butebo, Buvuma, Buyende, Dokolo, Gomba, Gulu, Hoima, Ibanda, Iganga, Isingiro, Jinja, Kaabong, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kagadi, Kakumiro, Kalaki, Kalangala, Kaliro, Kalungu, Kampala*, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kapelebyong, Karenga, Kasese, Kasanda, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kazo, Kibaale, Kiboga, Kibuku, Kikuube, Kiruhura, Kiryandongo, Kisoro, Kitagwenda, Kitgum, Koboko, Kole, Kotido, Kumi, Kwania, Kween, Kyankwanzi, Kyegegwa, Kyenjojo, Kyotera, Lamwo, Lira, Luuka, Luwero, Lwengo, Lyantonde, Madi-Okollo, Manafwa, Maracha, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara, Mitooma, Mityana, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nabilatuk, Nakapiripirit, Nakaseke, Nakasongola, Namayingo, Namisindwa, Namutumba, Napak, Nebbi, Ngora, Ntoroko, Ntungamo, Nwoya, Obongi, Omoro, Otuke, Oyam, Pader, Pakwach, Pallisa, Rakai, Rubanda, Rubirizi, Rukiga, Rukungiri, Rwampara, Sembabule, Serere, Sheema, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe, Zombo

name: Kampala geographic coordinates: 0 19 N, 32 33 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name is said to come from an African antelope, the impala

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent or grandparent must be a native-born citizen of Uganda dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: an aggregate of 20 years and continuously for the last 2 years prior to applying for citizenship

history: several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1995, promulgated 8 October 1995 amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership in the second and third readings; proposals affecting "entrenched clauses," including the sovereignty of the people, supremacy of the constitution, human rights and freedoms, the democratic and multiparty form of government, presidential term of office, independence of the judiciary, and the institutions of traditional or cultural leaders, also requires passage by referendum, ratification by at least two-thirds majority vote of district council members in at least two thirds of Uganda's districts, and assent of the president of the republic

conventional long form: Republic of Uganda conventional short form: Uganda etymology: the name is derived from the Swahili word u , meaning "land" or "country," and the Ganda people; the origin of the Ganda name is unclear

chief of mission: Ambassador William W. POPP (since 20 September 2023) embassy: 1577 Ggaba Road, Kampala mailing address: 2190 Kampala Place, Washington DC 20521-2190 telephone: [256] (0) 312-306-001 FAX: [256] (0) 414-259-794 email address and website: KampalaWebContact@state.gov https://ug.usembassy.gov/

chief of mission: Ambassador Robie KAKONGE (since 12 December 2022) chancery: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7100 FAX: [1] (202) 726-1727 email address and website: washington@mofa.go.ug https://washington.mofa.go.ug/

chief of state: President Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since 26 January 1986) head of government: Prime Minister Robinah NABBANJA (since 14 June 2021) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected members of Parliament or persons who qualify to be elected as members of Parliament election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (no term limits) most recent election date: 14 January 2021 election results: 2021: Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (NRM) 58.6%, Robert Kyagulanyi SSENTAMU (aka Bobi WINE) (NUP) 34.8%, Patrick Oboi AMURIAT (FDC) 3.2%, other 3.4% expected date of next election: 2026

description: six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is at the center and shows a grey crowned crane (the national symbol) meaning: black stands for the African people, yellow for sunshine and vitality, and red for African brotherhood

presidential republic

9 October 1962 (from the UK)

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITC, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCDF, UNCTAD, UNECA, UNDP, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNOCI, UNOPS, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFP, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Uganda (consists of the chief justice and at least 6 justices) judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the president of the republic in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission, an 8-member independent advisory body, and approved by the National Assembly; justices serve until mandatory retirement at age 70 subordinate courts: Court of Appeal (also acts as the Constitutional Court); High Court (includes 12 High Court Circuits and 8 High Court Divisions); Industrial Court; Chief Magistrate Grade One and Grade Two Courts throughout the country; qadhis courts; local council courts; family and children courts

mixed system of English common law and customary law

legislature name: Parliament legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 529 (499 directly elected; 30 indirectly elected) electoral system: plurality/majority scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 1/14/2021 to 1/18/2021 parties elected and seats per party: National Resistance Movement (NRM) (336); National Unity Platform (NUP) (57); Forum for Democratic Change (FDC) (32); Independents (74); Other (30) percentage of women in chamber: 34.1% expected date of next election: January 2026

title: "O Uganda, Land of Beauty!" lyrics/music: George Wilberforce KAKOMOA history: adopted 1962; one of the shortest national anthems in the world

black, yellow, red

total World Heritage Sites: 3 (1 cultural, 2 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (n); Rwenzori Mountains National Park (n); Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi (c)

Independence Day, 9 October (1962)

grey crowned crane

Democratic Party or DP Forum for Democratic Change or FDC Justice Forum or JEEMA National Resistance Movement or NRM National Unity Platform People's Progressive Party or PPP Uganda People's Congress or UPC

18 years of age; universal

An ancient crossroads for various migrations, Uganda has as many as 65 ethnic groups that speak languages from three of Africa s four major linguistic families. As early as 1200, fertile soils and regular rainfall in the south fostered the formation of several large, centralized kingdoms, including Buganda, from which the country derives its name. Muslim traders from Egypt reached northern Uganda in the 1820s, and Swahili merchants from the Indian Ocean coast arrived in the south by the 1840s. The area attracted the attention of British explorers seeking the source of the Nile River in the 1860s, and this influence expanded in subsequent decades with the arrival of Christian missionaries and trade agreements; Uganda was declared a British protectorate in 1894. Buganda and other southern kingdoms negotiated agreements with Britain to secure privileges and a level of autonomy that were rare during the colonial period in Africa. Uganda's colonial boundaries grouped together a wide range of ethnic groups with different political systems and cultures, and the disparities between how Britain governed southern and northern areas compounded these differences, complicating efforts to establish a cohesive independent country. Uganda gained independence in 1962 with one of the more developed economies and one of the strongest education systems in Sub-Saharan Africa, but it descended within a few years into political turmoil and internal conflict that lasted more than two decades. In 1966, Prime Minister Milton OBOTE suspended the constitution and violently deposed President Edward MUTESA, who was also the king of Buganda. Idi AMIN seized power in 1971 through a military coup and led the country into economic ruin and rampant mass atrocities that killed as many as 500,000 civilians. AMIN s annexation of Tanzanian territory in 1979 provoked Tanzania to invade Uganda, depose AMIN, and install a coalition government. In the aftermath, Uganda continued to experience atrocities, looting, and political instability and had four different heads of state between 1979 and 1980. OBOTE regained the presidency in 1980 through a controversial election that sparked renewed guerrilla warfare, killing as an estimated 300,000 civilians. Gen. Tito OKELLO seized power in a coup in 1985, but his rule was short-lived, with Yoweri MUSEVENI becoming president in 1986 after his insurgency captured the capital. MUSEVENI is widely credited with restoring relative stability and economic growth to Uganda but has resisted calls to leave office. In 2017, parliament removed presidential age limits, making it possible for MUSEVENI to remain in office for life.

the responsibilities of the Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF) include defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Uganda, assisting the civilian authorities in emergencies and natural disasters, contributing to regional security, participating in socio-economic development projects, conducting military diplomacy, and ensuring internal security, including against civil unrest, internal insurgency, and terrorism; in recent years it has beefed up its presence along the borders with the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan; the UPDF participates in African and UN peacekeeping missions and is a key contributor to the East Africa Standby Force; the UPDF is constitutionally granted seats in parliament and is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895 under the British colonial government; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King s African Rifles (KAR) in 1902, which participated in both world wars, as well as the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952-1960); in 1962, the Ugandan battalion of the KAR was transformed into the country's first military force, the Uganda Rifles, which was subsequently renamed the Uganda Army; the UPDF was established in 1995 from the former rebel National Resistance Army following the enactment of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda (2025)

Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF): Land Force (includes marines), Air Force, Special Forces Command, Reserve Force Ministry of Internal Affairs: Uganda Police Force (2025) note 1: the Special Forces Command is a separate branch within the UPDF; it evolved from the former Presidential Guard Brigade and has continued to retain presidential protection duties in addition to its traditional missions, such as counterinsurgency note 2: the Uganda Police Force includes air, field, territorial, and marine units, as well as a presidential guard force note 3: in 2018, President MUSEVENI created a volunteer force of Local Defense Units under the military to beef up local security in designated parts of the country

approximately 45,000 active Defense Forces (2025)

estimated 3,000 Democratic Republic of Congo; up to 4,500 Somalia (African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia or AUSSOM) (2025)

most of the UPDF's arms are of Russian/Soviet origin with smaller quantities from such suppliers as Bulgaria, China, Czechia, Israel, and South Africa, as well as some domestically produced items; Uganda has a small defense industry that assembles or manufactures light armored vehicles and performs maintenance on some military equipment, including its Russian-made helicopters (2025)

2% of GDP (2023 est.) 2.2% of GDP (2022 est.) 2.5% of GDP (2021 est.) 2.5% of GDP (2020 est.) 1.7% of GDP (2019 est.)

18-22 years of age for voluntary military duty for men and women; 9-year service obligation (2025)

0-14 years: 47% (male 11,747,745/female 11,427,932) 15-64 years: 50.6% (male 11,788,483/female 13,131,051) 65 years and over: 2.4% (2024 est.) (male 504,332/female 683,498)

total: 6.82 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 0.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 0.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 5.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

38.91 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

women married by age 15: 7.3% (2016) women married by age 18: 34% (2016) men married by age 18: 5.5% (2016)

9.7% (2022 est.)

57.8% (2022 est.)

4.61 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total dependency ratio: 96.9 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 92.1 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 4.8 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 20.8 (2025 est.)

urban: 80.3% of population (2022 est.) rural: 51.8% of population (2022 est.) total: 59.3% of population (2022 est.) urban: 19.7% of population (2022 est.) rural: 48.2% of population (2022 est.) total: 40.7% of population (2022 est.)

2.6% of GDP (2022 est.) 8.5% national budget (2022 est.)

Baganda 16.5%, Banyankole 9.6%, Basoga 8.8%, Bakiga 7.1%, Iteso 7%, Langi 6.3%, Bagisu 4.9%, Acholi 4.4%, Lugbara 3.3%, other 32.1% (2014 est.)

2.5 (2025 est.)

4.7% of GDP (2021) 4.9% of national budget (2022 est.)

total: 27.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 31.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.1 deaths/1,000 live births

English (official), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages and the language used most often in the capital), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili (official), Arabic

total population: 69.7 years (2024 est.) male: 67.5 years female: 72 years

total population: 69.1% (2016 est.) male: 78.5% (2016 est.) female: 61% (2016 est.)

3.846 million KAMPALA (capital) (2023)

170 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

total: 16.4 years (2025 est.) male: 15.5 years female: 17.1 years

19.4 years (2016 est.) note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

noun: Ugandan(s) adjective: Ugandan

-2.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

5.3% (2016)

0.19 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

total: 50,863,850 (2025 est.) male: 24,835,513 female: 26,028,337

population density is relatively high in comparison to other African nations; most of the population is concentrated in the central and southern parts of the country, particularly along the shores of Lake Victoria and Lake Albert; the northeast is least populated, as shown in this population distribution map

3.13% (2025 est.)

Protestant 45.1% (Anglican 32.0%, Pentecostal/Born Again/Evangelical 11.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.7%, Baptist .3%), Roman Catholic 39.3%, Muslim 13.7%, other 1.6%, none 0.2% (2014 est.)

urban: 67.1% of population (2022 est.) rural: 27.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 38.2% of population (2022 est.) urban: 32.9% of population (2022 est.) rural: 72.1% of population (2022 est.) total: 61.8% of population (2022 est.)

total: 9 years (2016 est.) male: 10 years (2016 est.) female: 9 years (2016 est.)

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

total: 4.5% (2025 est.) male: 7.8% (2025 est.) female: 1.5% (2025 est.)

5.08 children born/woman (2025 est.)

urban population: 26.8% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 5.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

al-Shabaab; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - Democratic Republic of Congo (ISIS-DRC) note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

refugees: 1,796,597 (2024 est.) IDPs: 22,209 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 10,284 (2024 est.)

39 (2025)

5X

total: 1,244 km (2014) narrow gauge: 1,244 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge