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Communications

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 10, FM 0, shortwave 0

Radios [time series]

2.13 million (1993 est.)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

fair system but in serious need of expansion and better maintenance; a cellular system has been introduced as a stopgap but the communications problems will not be solved without substantial investment in the conventional telephone infrastructure; e-mail and Internet services are available domestic: intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communications stations, cellular system for short range traffic international: satellite earth station--1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones) [time series]

61,600 (1990 est.)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

8 (in addition, there is one low-power repeater) (1997)

Televisions [time series]

220,000 (1993 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture--products) [time series]

coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry

Budget [time series]

revenues: $869 million expenditures: $985 million, including capital expenditures of $69 million (FY95/96)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents

Debt - external (Debt--external) [time series]

$2.9 billion (1998 est.)

Economic aid (Economic aid--recipient) [time series]

$827.3 million (1993)

Economic overview (Economy--overview) [time series]

Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government--with the support of foreign countries and international agencies--has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. In 1990-98, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, reduced inflation, gradually improved domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. Continuation of this performance, while possible, appears difficult because of Ugandan involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, growing corruption within the government, and slippage in the government's determination to press reforms.

Electricity - consumption (Electricity--consumption) [time series]

677 million kWh (1996)

Electricity - exports (Electricity--exports) [time series]

110 million kWh (1996)

Electricity - imports (Electricity--imports) [time series]

0 kWh (1996)

Electricity - production (Electricity--production) [time series]

787 million kWh (1996)

Electricity - production by source (Electricity--production by source) [time series]

fossil fuel: 0.89% hydro: 99.11% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1996)

Exchange rates [time series]

Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1--1,368.4 (December 1998), 1,240.2 (1998), 1,083.0 (1997), 1,046.1 (1996), 968.9 (1995), 979.4 (1994)

Exports [time series]

$476 million (f.o.b., 1998)

Exports - commodities (Exports--commodities) [time series]

coffee 54%, gold, fish and fish products, cotton, tea, corn (1997)

Exports - partners (Exports--partners) [time series]

Spain 14%, Germany 14%, Netherlands 10%, France 8%, Italy (1997)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 July--30 June

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity--$22.7 billion (1998 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP--composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 44% industry: 17% services: 39% (1997 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP--per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity?$1,020 (1998 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP--real growth rate) [time series]

5.5% (1998 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 33.4% (1992)

Imports [time series]

$1.4 billion (c.i.f., 1998)

Imports - commodities (Imports--commodities) [time series]

transportation equipment, petroleum, medical supplies, iron and steel (1996)

Imports - partners (Imports--partners) [time series]

Kenya 31%, UK 12%, Japan 6%, India 6%, South Africa 5% (1997)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

19.7% (FY95/96)

Industries [time series]

sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

2.6% (1998)

Labor force [time series]

8.361 million (1993 est.)

Labor force - by occupation (Labor force--by occupation) [time series]

agriculture 86%, industry 4%, services 10% (1980 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

55% (1993 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 236,040 sq km land: 199,710 sq km water: 36,330 sq km

Area - comparative (Area--comparative) [time series]

slightly smaller than Oregon

Climate [time series]

tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m

Environment - current issues (Environment--current issues) [time series]

draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching is widespread

International environmental agreements (Environment--international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Geographic coordinates [time series]

1 00 N, 32 00 E

Geography - note (Geography--note) [time series]

landlocked

Irrigated land [time series]

90 sq km (1993 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 2,698 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 25% permanent crops: 9% permanent pastures: 9% forests and woodland: 28% other: 29% (1993 est.)

Location [time series]

Eastern Africa, west of Kenya

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

Natural resources [time series]

copper, cobalt, limestone, salt

Terrain [time series]

mostly plateau with rim of mountains

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

39 districts; Apac, Arua, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Soroti, Tororo

Capital [time series]

Kampala

Constitution [time series]

8 October 1995; adopted by the interim, 284-member Constituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution that had been proposed in May 1993; the Constituent Assembly was dissolved upon the promulgation of the constitution in October 1995

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Uganda conventional short form: Uganda

Data code [time series]

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Nancy J. POWELL embassy: Parliament Avenue, Kampala mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Edith Grace SSEMPALA chancery: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); note--the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); Prime Minister Kintu MUSOKE (since 18 November 1994); note--the president is both chief of state and head of government; the prime minister assists the president in the supervision of the cabinet cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected legislators elections: president elected by popular vote for a NA-year term; election last held 9 May 1996 (next to be held by 31 May 2001); note--first popular election for president since independence in 1962 was held in 1996; prime minister appointed by the president election results: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president; percent of vote--Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 74%, Paul Kawanga SSEMOGERERE 24%, Muhammad MAYANJA 2%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

9 October 1962 (from UK)

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal, judges are appointed by the president; High Court, judges are appointed by the president

Legal system [time series]

in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly (276 members--214 directly elected by popular vote, 62 nominated by legally established special interest groups and approved by the president--women 39, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 3; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 June 1996 (next to be held NA 2001); election results: NA; note--election campaigning by party was not permitted

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 9 October (1962)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

only one political organization, chairman] is recognized; note--this is the party of President MUSEVENI; the president maintains that the NRM is not a political party, but a movement which claims the loyalty of all Ugandans note: of the political parties that exist but are prohibited from sponsoring candidates, the most important are the Ugandan People's MAYANJA-NKANGI]; the new constitution requires the suspension of political party activity until a referendum is held on the matter in 2000

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Military

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air Wing

Military expenditures - dollar figure (Military expenditures--dollar figure) [time series]

$95 million (FY98/99)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures--percent of GDP) [time series]

1.9% (FY98/99)

Military manpower - availability (Military manpower--availability) [time series]

males age 15-49: 4,812,363 (1999 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service (Military manpower--fit for military service) [time series]

males age 15-49: 2,611,096 (1999 est.)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 51% (male 5,857,254; female 5,820,526) 15-64 years: 47% (male 5,301,208; female 5,330,005) 65 years and over: 2% (male 239,434; female 256,546) (1999 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

48.54 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Death rate [time series]

18.43 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso 8%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro 3%, Batobo 3%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 23%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

90.68 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)

Languages [time series]

English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 43.06 years male: 42.2 years female: 43.94 years (1999 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 61.8% male: 73.7% female: 50.2% (1995 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Ugandan(s) adjective: Ugandan

Net migration rate [time series]

-1.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.) note: according to the UNHCR, by the end of 1997, Uganda was host to refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including: Sudan 160,000, Democratic Republic of the Congo 14,000, and Rwanda 12,000

Population [time series]

22,804,973 (July 1999 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.83% (1999 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

7.03 children born/woman (1999 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international (Disputes--international) [time series]

Ugandan military forces are supporting the rebel forces in the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Transportation

Airports [time series]

27 (1998 est.)

Airports - with paved runways (Airports--with paved runways) [time series]

total: 4 over 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (1998 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways (Airports--with unpaved runways) [time series]

total: 23 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 7 (1998 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 27,000 km paved: 1,800 km unpaved: 25,200 km (of which about 4,800 km are all-weather roads) (1990 est.)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,091 GRT/8,229 DWT (1998 est.)

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell

Railways [time series]

total: 1,241 km narrow gauge: 1,241 km 1.000-m gauge note: a program to rehabilitate the railroad is underway (1995)

Waterways [time series]

Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward, Victoria Nile, Albert Nile