Airports [time series]

37 total, 28 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air [time series]

4 major transport aircraft

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

26,200 km total; 1,970 km paved; 5,849 km crushed stone, gravel, and laterite; remainder earth roads and tracks

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward; Victoria Nile, Albert Nile; principal inland water ports are at Jinja and Port Bell, both on Lake Victoria

Merchant marine [time series]

1 roll-on/roll-off cargo (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,697 GRT

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

1,300 km, 1.000-meter-gauge single track

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

fair system with radio relay and radio communications stations; 61,600 telephones; stations--10 AM, no FM, 9 TV; satellite communications ground stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air Force

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$68 million, 1.5% of GDP (1988)

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, about 3,980,637; about 2,162,241 fit for military service

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for 57% of GDP and 83% of labor force; cash crops--coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco; food crops--cassava, potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; livestock products--beef, goat meat, milk, poultry; self-sufficient in food

Budget [time series]

revenues $365 million; expenditures $545 million, including capital expenditures of $165 million (FY89 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Ugandan shilling (plural--shillings); 1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents

Economic aid [time series]

US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $145 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $1.2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $169 million

Electricity [time series]

173,000 kW capacity; 312 million kWh produced, 18 kWh per capita (1989)

Exchange rates [time series]

Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1--563.18 (January 1991), 428.85 (1990), 223.09 (1989), 106.14 (1988), 42.84 (1987), 14.00 (1986), 6.72 (1985)

Exports [time series]

$273 million (f.o.b., 1989); commodities--coffee 97%, cotton, tea; partners--US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10%

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$1.9 billion (1990 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 July-30 June

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

$4.9 billion, per capita $290 (1988); real growth rate 6.1% (1989 est.)

Imports [time series]

$652 million (c.i.f., 1989); commodities--petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals, transportation equipment, food; partners--Kenya 25%, UK 14%, Italy 13%

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 15.0% (1989 est.); accounts for 5% of GDP

Industries [time series]

sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

30% (FY90)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. The economy has been devastated by much political instability, mismanagement, and civil war since independence in 1962, keeping Uganda poor with a per capita income of about $300. (GDP remains below the levels of the early 1970s, as does industrial production.) Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986 the government has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing petroleum prices, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation, which was running at over 300% in 1987, and boosting production and export earnings.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Climate [time series]

tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast

Coastline [time series]

none--landlocked

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly smaller than Oregon

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

straddles Equator; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion

Land boundaries [time series]

2,698 km total; Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km, Zaire 765 km

Land use [time series]

arable land 23%; permanent crops 9%; meadows and pastures 25%; forest and woodland 30%; other 13%; includes irrigated NEGL%

Maritime claims [time series]

none--landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

copper, cobalt, limestone, salt

Note [time series]

landlocked

Terrain [time series]

mostly plateau with rim of mountains

Area (Total area) [time series]

236,040 km2; land area: 199,710 km2

Administrative divisions [time series]

10 provinces; Busoga, Central, Eastern, Karamoja, Nile, North Buganda, Northern, South Buganda, Southern, Western

Capital [time series]

Kampala

Political parties (Communists) [time series]

possibly a few sympathizers

Constitution [time series]

8 September 1967, in process of constitutional revision

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina KATENTA-APULI; 5909 16th Street NW, Washington DC 20011; telephone (202) 726-7100 through 7102; US--Ambassador James CARSON; Embassy at Parliament Avenue, Kampala (mailing address is P. O. Box 7007, Kampala); telephone [256] (41) 259792, 259793, 259795

Executive branch [time series]

president, prime minister, three deputy prime ministers, Cabinet

Flag [time series]

six equal horizonal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the staff side

Independence [time series]

9 October 1962 (from UK)

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal, High Court Chief of State--President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since 29 January 1986); Vice President Samson Babi Mululu KISEKKA (since NA January 1991); Head of Government--Prime Minister George Cosmas ADYEBO (since NA January 1991)

Legal system [time series]

government plans to restore system based on English common law and customary law and reinstitute a normal judicial system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Resistance Council

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

Republic of Uganda

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 9 October (1962)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

only party--National Resistance Movement (NRM); note--the Uganda Patriotic Movement (UPM), Ugandan People's Congress (UPC), Democratic Party (DP), and Conservative Party (CP) are all proscribed from conducting public political activities

Suffrage [time series]

universal at age 18 National Resistance Council--last held 11-28 February 1989 (next to be held after January 1995); results--NRM is the only party; seats--(278 total, 210 indirectly elected) 210 members elected without party affiliation Uganda People's Front (UPF), Uganda People's Christian Democratic Army (UPCDA), Ruwenzori Movement

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

Birth rate [time series]

51 births/1,000 population (1991)

Death rate [time series]

15 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

African 99%, European, Asian, Arab 1%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

94 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

Labor force [time series]

4,500,000 (est.); subsistence agriculture 94%, wage earners (est.) 6%; 50% of population of working age (1983)

Languages (Language) [time series]

English (official); Luganda and Swahili widely used; other Bantu and Nilotic languages

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

50 years male, 52 years female (1991)

Literacy [time series]

48% (male 62%, female 35%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun--Ugandan(s); adjective--Ugandan

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

Organized labor [time series]

125,000 union members

Population [time series]

18,690,070 (July 1991), growth rate 3.7% (1991)

Religions (Religion) [time series]

Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, rest indigenous beliefs

Total fertility rate [time series]

7.3 children born/woman (1991)