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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 31 usable: 23 with permanent-surface runways: 5 with runways over 3,659 m: 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 11

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

26,200 km total; 1,970 km paved; 5,849 km crushed stone, gravel, and laterite; remainder earth roads and tracks

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward; Victoria Nile, Albert Nile; principal inland water ports are at Jinja and Port Bell, both on Lake Victoria

Merchant marine [time series]

3 roll-on/roll-off (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 15,091 GRT

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

1,300 km, 1.000-meter-gauge single track

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

fair system with microwave and radio communications stations; broadcast stations - 10 AM, no FM, 9 TV; satellite communications ground stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air Force

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $NA, 15% of budget (FY89/90)

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 4,137,983; fit for military service 2,250,793 (1993 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

mainly subsistence; accounts for 57% of GDP and over 80% of labor force; cash crops - coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco; food crops - cassava, potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; livestock products - beef, goat meat, milk, poultry; self-sufficient in food

Budget [time series]

revenues $365 million; expenditures $545 million, including capital expenditures of $165 million (FY89 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents

Economic aid [time series]

US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $145 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.4 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $169 million

Electricity [time series]

200,000 kW capacity; 610 million kWh produced, 30 kWh per capita (1991)

Exchange rates [time series]

Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 1,217.1 (January 1993), 1.133.8 (1992), 734.0 (1991), 428.85 (1990), 223.1 (1989), 106.1 (1988)

Exports [time series]

$170 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.) commodities: coffee 97%, cotton, tea partners: US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10%

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$1.9 billion (1991 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 July - 30 June

Imports [time series]

$610 million (c.i.f., 1991 est.) commodities: petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals, transportation equipment, food partners: Kenya 25%, UK 14%, Italy 13%

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 7.0% (1990); accounts for 5% of GDP

Industries [time series]

sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

41.5% (1992 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $6 billion (1992 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$300 (1992 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

4% (1992 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. The economy has been devastated by widespread political instability, mismanagement, and civil war since independence in 1962, keeping Uganda poor with a per capita income of about $300. (GDP remains below the levels of the early 1970s, as does industrial production.) Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986 the government has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation, which was running at over 300% in 1987, and boosting production and export earnings. In 1990-92, the economy has turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, and gradually improving domestic security.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 236,040 km2 land area: 199,710 km2 comparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon

Climate [time series]

tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

straddles Equator; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

none

Irrigated land [time series]

90 km2 (1989 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total 2,698 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km, Zaire 765 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 23% permanent crops: 9% meadows and pastures: 25% forest and woodland: 30% other: 13%

Location [time series]

Eastern Africa, between Kenya and Zaire

Map references [time series]

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

none; landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

copper, cobalt, limestone, salt

Note [time series]

landlocked

Terrain [time series]

mostly plateau with rim of mountains

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

10 provinces; Busoga, Central, Eastern, Karamoja, Nile, North Buganda, Northern, South Buganda, Southern, Western

Capital [time series]

Kampala

Constitution [time series]

8 September 1967, in process of constitutional revision

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina KATENTA-APULI chancery: 5909 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: (202) 726-7100 through 7102

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

National Resistance Council: last held 11-28 February 1989 (next to be held by January 1995); results - NRM was the only party; seats - (278 total, 210 indirectly elected) 210 members elected without party affiliation

Executive branch [time series]

president, vice president, prime minister, three deputy prime ministers, Cabinet

Flag [time series]

six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the staff side

Independence [time series]

9 October 1962 (from UK)

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal, High Court

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since 29 January 1986); Vice President Samson Babi Mululu KISEKKA (since NA January 1991) Head of Government: Prime Minister George Cosmas ADYEBO (since NA January 1991)

Legal system [time series]

government plans to restore system based on English common law and customary law and reinstitute a normal judicial system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Resistance Council

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Uganda conventional short form: Uganda

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 9 October (1962)

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

Uganda People's Front (UPF); Uganda People's Christian Democratic Army (UPCDA); Ruwenzori Movement

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

only party - National Resistance Movement (NRM), Yoweri MUSEVENI note: the Uganda Patriotic Movement (UPM); Ugandan People's Congress (UPC), Milton OBOTE; Democratic Party (DP), Paul SSEMOGEERE; and Conservative Party (CP), Jeshua NIKHGI continue to exist but are all proscribed from conducting public political activities

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Johnnie CARSON embassy: Parliament Avenue, Kampala mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala telephone: [256] (41) 259792, 259793, 259795

People

Birth rate [time series]

49.86 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate [time series]

22.98 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

African 99%, European, Asian, Arab 1%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

112.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Labor force [time series]

4.5 million (est.) by occupation: agriculture over 80% note: 50% of population of working age (1983)

Languages [time series]

English (official), Luganda, Swahili, Bantu languages, Nilotic languages

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 38.4 years male: 38.09 years female: 38.71 years (1993 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 48% male: 62% female: 35%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Ugandan(s) adjective: Ugandan

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Population [time series]

19,344,181 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.69% (1993 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18%

Total fertility rate [time series]

7.15 children born/woman (1993 est.)