Angola

total: 137,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1

state-owned media dominate; only four privately owned newspapers still exist in print form; state-run Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) is the only outlet to offer programs in local languages such as Bantu; private stations operate in cities, including Catholic Radio Ecclesia, but RNA is the only radio broadcaster with near-national coverage (2023)

.ao

percent of population: 45% (2023 est.)

total subscriptions: 80,300 (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2024 est.) less than 1

total subscriptions: 26.4 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 70 (2024 est.)

cassava, bananas, maize, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, tomatoes, pineapples, onions, potatoes, citrus fruits (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

on food: 50% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 1.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

revenues: $18.117 billion (2019 est.) expenditures: $13.871 billion (2019 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

$6.31 billion (2024 est.) $4.185 billion (2023 est.) $11.763 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$45.299 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

middle-income, oil-dependent African economy; widespread poverty; rising inflation and currency depreciation; seeking diversification through agricultural production; significant corruption in public institutions; major infrastructure investments from China and US; exited OPEC in 2023

kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - 869.846 (2024 est.) 685.02 (2023 est.) 460.568 (2022 est.) 631.442 (2021 est.) 578.259 (2020 est.)

$36.924 billion (2024 est.) $36.961 billion (2023 est.) $50.12 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

crude petroleum, diamonds, natural gas, ships, refined petroleum (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

China 40%, India 9%, UAE 6%, Spain 6%, Netherlands 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

$80.397 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

household consumption: 55.3% (2024 est.) government consumption: 6.3% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 25% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 37.9% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -24.4% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

agriculture: 16.4% (2024 est.) industry: 44.2% (2024 est.) services: 39.3% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

51.3 (2018 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

lowest 10%: 1.3% (2018 est.) highest 10%: 39.6% (2018 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

$22.683 billion (2024 est.) $23.688 billion (2023 est.) $28.564 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

refined petroleum, wheat, ships, cars, trucks (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

China 19%, Portugal 10%, UAE 7%, India 6%, USA 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

5% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair

28.2% (2024 est.) 13.6% (2023 est.) 21.4% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

15.961 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

32.3% (2018 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line

75.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

$278.239 billion (2024 est.) $266.452 billion (2023 est.) $263.61 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

4.4% (2024 est.) 1.1% (2023 est.) 3% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

$7,300 (2024 est.) $7,300 (2023 est.) $7,400 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

0% of GDP (2024 est.) 0% of GDP (2023 est.) 0% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

$14.243 billion (2024 est.) $13.942 billion (2023 est.) $13.655 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

10.1% (of GDP) (2019 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

14.5% (2024 est.) 14.6% (2023 est.) 14.7% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

total: 27.9% (2024 est.) male: 30.2% (2024 est.) female: 25.7% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

imports: 3,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

installed generating capacity: 7.6 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 16.214 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 1.725 billion kWh (2023 est.)

electrification - total population: 48.5% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 76.2% electrification - rural areas: 7.3% (2018 est.)

fossil fuels: 23.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 2.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 74% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

9.146 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

production: 5.984 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 1.244 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 4.928 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 343.002 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

total petroleum production: 1.175 million bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 121,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 7.783 billion barrels (2021 est.)

19.66 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 9,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 17.21 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 2.441 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion; desertification; deforestation of tropical rainforest from international demand for timber and domestic use as fuel; loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

agricultural land: 36.9% (2023 est.) arable land: 4.3% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 32.4% (2023 est.) forest: 51.6% (2023 est.) other: 11.5% (2023 est.)

energy: 1,009.1 kt (2022-2024 est.) agriculture: 374.5 kt (2019-2021 est.) waste: 123 kt (2019-2021 est.) other: 78.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)

27.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

148.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

municipal: 319.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 239.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 146.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 4.214 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 19% (2022 est.)

total : 1,246,700 sq km land: 1,246,700 sq km water: 0 sq km

about eight times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of Texas

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

1,600 km

highest point: Moco 2,620 m lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m mean elevation: 1,112 m

12 30 S, 18 30 E

the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo

860 sq km (2014)

total: 5,369 km border countries (4): Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,646 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province); Republic of the Congo 231 km; Namibia 1,427 km; Zambia 1,065 km

agricultural land: 36.9% (2023 est.) arable land: 4.3% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 32.4% (2023 est.) forest: 51.6% (2023 est.) other: 11.5% (2023 est.)

Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

Congo Basin, Upper Kalahari-Cuvelai-Upper Zambezi Basin

Rio Zambeze (Zambezi) (shared with Zambia [s], Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 2,740 km; Rio Cubango (Okavango) river source (shared with Namibia and Botswana [m]) - 1,600 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km) Indian Ocean drainage: Zambezi (1,332,412 sq km) Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Okavango Basin (863,866 sq km)

Africa

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

21 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando, Cubango, Cuanza-Norte, Cuanza-Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Icolo e Bengo, Luanda, Lunda-Norte, Lunda-Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Moxico Leste, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

name: Luanda geographic coordinates: 8 50 S, 13 13 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: does not observe daylight savings time etymology: the Portuguese named the city S o Paulo da Assun o de Loanda (Saint Paul of the Assumption of Loanda); over time, it was shortened to "Luanda," which may derive from a Bantu word meaning "tax" or "duty," in reference to local people paying their dues to the king of the Congo

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Angola dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

history: previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010 amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly subject to prior Constitutional Court review if requested by the president of the republic

conventional long form: Republic of Angola conventional short form: Angola local long form: Republica de Angola local short form: Angola former: People's Republic of Angola etymology: in the 15th century, Portuguese explorers derived the name from the title "N'gola," which was held by kings of the Ndongo

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charg d Affaires Shannon Nagy CAZEAU (since 2 October 2025) embassy: Rua Houari Boumedienne, #32, Luanda mailing address: 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550 telephone: [244] (222) 64-1000 FAX: [244] (222) 64-1000 email address and website: Consularluanda@state.gov https://ao.usembassy.gov/

chief of mission: Ambassador Agostinho de Carvalho dos Santos VAN-D NEM (since 30 June 2023) chancery: 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156 FAX: [1] (202) 822-9049 email address and website: info@angola.org https://angola.org/ consulate(s) general: Houston, New York

chief of state: President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017) head of government: President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president election/appointment process: the candidate of the winning party or coalition in the last legislative election becomes the president; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) most recent election date: 24 August 2022 election results: Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (MPLA) elected president by then winning party following the 24 August 2022 general election expected date of next election: 2027

description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem of a five-pointed star inside half a cogwheel, crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle) meaning: red stands for liberty and black for the African continent; the emblem symbolizes workers and peasants

presidential republic

11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president on recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body chaired by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms subordinate courts: provincial and municipal courts

civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation

legislature name: National Assembly (Assembleia nacional) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 220 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 8/24/2022 parties elected and seats per party: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) (124); National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) (90); Other (6) percentage of women in chamber: 39.1% expected date of next election: August 2027

title: "Angola Avante" (Forward Angola) lyrics/music: Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO history: adopted 1975

red, black, yellow

total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Mbanza-Kongo

Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

giant black sable antelope ( Palanca negra gigante )

Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE Humanist Party of Angola or PHI National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA; note - party has two factions National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA (largest opposition party) Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA; note- ruling party in power since 1975 Social Renewal Party or PRS

18 years of age; universal

Bantu-speaking people settled in the area now called Angola in 6 th century A.D.; by the 10 th century various Bantu groups had established kingdoms, of which Kongo became the most powerful. From the late-14th to the mid-19th century, a Kingdom of Kongo stretched across central Africa from present-day northern Angola into the current Congo republics. It traded heavily with the Portuguese who, beginning in the 16th century, established coastal colonies and trading posts and introduced Christianity. Angola became a major hub of the transatlantic slave trade conducted by the Portuguese and other European powers -- often in collaboration with local kingdoms, including the Kongo. The Angola area is estimated to have lost as many as 4 million people as a result of the slave trade. The Kingdom of Kongo s main rival was the Kingdom of Ndongo to its south, whose most famous leader was Nzingha Mbande, the 17 th century diplomat to the Portuguese and later Queen, who successfully fought off Portuguese encroachment during her nearly 40-year reign. Smaller kingdoms, such as the Matamba and Ngoyo, often came under the control of the Kongo or Ndongo Kingdoms. During the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, Portugal and other European powers set Angola s modern borders, but the Portuguese did not fully control large portions of the territory. Portugal gained control of the Kingdom of Kongo in 1888 when Kongo s King Pedro V sought Portuguese military assistance in exchange for becoming a vassal. After a revolt in 1914, Portugal imposed direct rule over the colony and abolished the Kongo Kingdom. The Angolan National Revolution began in 1961, and in 1975, Angola won its independence when Portugal s dictatorship fell, a collapse that occurred in part because of growing discontent over conflict in Angola and other colonies. Angola s multiple independence movements soon clashed, with the Popular Movement for Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Agostinho NETO, taking power and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, emerging as its main competitor. After NETO s death in 1979, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, also of the MPLA, became president. Over time, the Angolan civil war escalated and became a major Cold War conflict, with the Soviet Union and Cuba supporting the MPLA and the US and South Africa supporting UNITA. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost -- and 4 million people displaced -- during the more than a quarter-century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS did not seek reelection in 2017 and supported Joao LOURENCO s successful bid to become president. LOURENCO was reelected in 2022. Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since 2002.

the Angolan Armed Forces were created in 1991 under the Bicesse Accords signed between the Angolan Government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA); the current force is responsible for country s external defense but also has some domestic security responsibilities, such as border protection; it participates in multinational exercises, as well as regional peacekeeping operations, including the deployment of several hundred troops to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2023; in recent years, the military has placed additional emphasis on maritime security and protecting offshore resources (2025)

Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA) Ministry of Interior: National Police, Border Guard Police (2025)

approximately 100,000 active duty Armed Forces (2025)

most Angolan military weapons and equipment are of Russian or Soviet-era origin; there are smaller quantities of items originating from such suppliers as China, Brazil, Israel, Italy, South Africa, and the UAE (2025)

1% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.2% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.2% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.4% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2020 est.)

20-45 years of age for compulsory and 18-45 years for voluntary military service for men; 20-45 years of age for voluntary service for women; 24-month conscript service obligation; the Navy is entirely staffed with volunteers (2025)

0-14 years: 46.9% (male 8,752,419/female 8,701,422) 15-64 years: 50.7% (male 9,076,080/female 9,795,035) 65 years and over: 2.4% (2024 est.) (male 367,559/female 509,546)

total: 5.84 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 3.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 1.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

39.75 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

women married by age 15: 7.9% (2016) women married by age 18: 30.3% (2016) men married by age 18: 6% (2016)

57.2% (2016 est.)

6.73 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total dependency ratio: 95.1 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 90 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 5.1 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 19.6 (2025 est.)

urban: 71.7% of population (2022 est.) rural: 27.8% of population (2022 est.) total: 57.7% of population (2022 est.) urban: 28.3% of population (2022 est.) rural: 72.2% of population (2022 est.) total: 42.3% of population (2022 est.)

2.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 6.5% national budget (2025 est.)

Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, Mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%

2.68 (2025 est.)

3% of GDP (2021) 6.7% of national budget (2022 est.)

0.8 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)

total: 46.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 60.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 50.3 deaths/1,000 live births

Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6% (2014 est.) note : shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census

total population: 62.9 years (2024 est.) male: 60.8 years female: 65.1 years

total population: 66.2% (2015 est.) male: 83.8% (2015 est.) female: 51.9% (2015 est.)

9.292 million LUANDA (capital), 959,000 Lubango, 905,000 Cabinda, 809,000 Benguela, 783,000 Malanje (2023)

183 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

total: 16.6 years (2025 est.) male: 15.8 years female: 16.8 years

19.4 years (2015/16 est.) note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

noun: Angolan(s) adjective: Angolan

0.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

8.2% (2016)

0.24 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

total: 38,984,796 (2025 est.) male: 19,115,781 female: 19,869,015

most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda

3.32% (2025 est.)

Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant 38.1%, other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014 est.)

urban: 93.7% of population (2022 est.) rural: 30.3% of population (2022 est.) total: 73.5% of population (2022 est.) urban: 6.3% of population (2022 est.) rural: 69.7% of population (2022 est.) total: 26.5% of population (2022 est.)

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

5.45 children born/woman (2025 est.)

urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

2017 - first communications satellite (AngoSat-1) built, launched, and operated by Russia (satellite failed in 2018) 2022 - second communications satellite (AngoSat-2) with French-built payload, integrated and launched by Russia 2023 - signed US-led Artemis Accords outlining best practices for space exploration 2024 - inaugurated a national maritime coordination and surveillance center and country's first satellite mission control center 2025 - signed financial agreement with France for construction of country s first high-resolution remote sensing satellite (ANGEO-1)

National Space Program Office (Gabinete de Gest o do Programa Espacial Nacional, GGPEN; established 2013) (2025)

has a national space strategy with a focus on capacity-building, developing space infrastructure, investing in domestic space sector, supporting socioeconomic growth, and establishing cooperation agreements with foreign technical and scientific institutions in the space industry; contracts with foreign companies to build and launch satellites; operates satellites; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of France, Portugal, Russia, the US, and other African countries; member of the African Space Agency (2025)

refugees: 55,542 (2024 est.) IDPs: 75,308 (2024 est.)

107 (2025)

D2

2 (2025)

total: 64 (2023) by type: general cargo 13, oil tanker 8, other 43

total ports: 21 (2024) large: 0 medium: 0 small: 8 very small: 13 ports with oil terminals: 17 key ports: Cabinda, Estrela Oil Field, Lobito, Luanda, Malongo Oil Terminal, Namibe, Palanca Terminal, Takula Terminal

total: 2,761 km (2022) narrow gauge: 2,638 km (2022) 1.067-m gauge 123 km 0.600-mm gauge