Airports [time series]

317 total, 184 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 60 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air [time series]

27 major transport aircraft

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

73,828 km total; 8,577 km bituminous-surface treatment, 29,350 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

1,295 km navigable

Merchant marine [time series]

12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 66,348 GRT/102,825 DWT; includes 11 cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil, 179 km

Ports [time series]

Luanda, Lobito, Namibe, Cabinda

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

3,189 km total; 2,879 km 1.067-meter gauge, 310 km 0.600-meter gauge; limited trackage in use because of insurgent attacks; sections of the Benguela Railroad closed because of insurgency

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

fair system of wire, radio relay, and troposcatter routes; high frequency used extensively for military/Cuban links; 40,300 telephones; stations--17 AM, 13 FM, 2 TV; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air Force/Air Defense; paramilitary forces--People's Defense Organization and Territorial Troops, Frontier Guard, Popular Vigilance Brigades

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

NA

Military manpower [time series]

males 15-49, 2,049,295; 1,030,868 fit for military service; 90,877 reach military age (18) annually

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

cash crops--coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, tobacco; food crops--cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; disruptions caused by civil war and marketing deficiencies require food imports

Aid [time series]

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $263 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $903 million; Communist countries (1970-88), $1.3 billion

Budget [time series]

revenues NA; expenditures $2.7 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1986 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

kwanza (plural--kwanza); 1 kwanza (Kz) = 100 lwei

Electricity [time series]

506,000 kW capacity; 770 million kWh produced, 90 kWh per capita (1989)

Exchange rates [time series]

kwanza (Kz) per US$1--29.62 (fixed rate since 1976)

Exports [time series]

$2.9 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton; partners--US, USSR, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$3.0 billion (1989)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

$5.0 billion, per capita $600; real growth rate 9.2% (1988 est.)

Imports [time series]

$2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--capital equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), food, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; substantial military deliveries; partners--US, USSR, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate NA%

Industries [time series]

petroleum, mining (phosphate rock, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar, textiles, cement, food processing, building construction

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

NA%

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 80-90% of the population, but accounts for only 10-20% of GDP. Oil production is the most lucrative sector of the economy, contributing about 50% to GDP. In recent years, however, the impact of fighting an internal war has severely affected the economy and food has to be imported.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Climate [time series]

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Coastline [time series]

1,600 km

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Disputes - international (Disputes) [time series]

civil war since independence on 11 November 1975

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on plateau; desertification

Exclusive fishing zone [time series]

200 nm;

Land boundaries [time series]

5,198 km total; Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zaire 2,511 km, Zambia 1,110 km

Land use [time series]

2% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 23% meadows and pastures; 43% forest and woodland; 32% other

Natural resources [time series]

petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

Note [time series]

Cabinda is separated from rest of country by Zaire

Terrain [time series]

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Maritime claims (Territorial sea) [time series]

20 nm

Area (Total area) [time series]

1,246,700 km2; land area: 1,246,700 km2

Administrative divisions [time series]

18 provinces (provincias, singular--provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

Capital [time series]

Luanda

Constitution [time series]

11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978 and 11 August 1980

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

none

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

none held to date

Executive branch [time series]

president, chairman of the Council of Ministers, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Flag [time series]

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)

Independence [time series]

11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court (Tribunal da Relacao) Chief of State and Head of Government--President Jose Eduardo dos SANTOS (since 21 September 1979)

Legal system [time series]

based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law, but being modified along socialist lines

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National People's Assembly

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

People's Republic of Angola

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACP, AfDB, CCC, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMO, INTELSAT, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

only party--Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party (MPLA-Labor Party), Jose Eduardo dos Santos; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), lost to the MPLA with Cuban military support in immediate postindependence struggle, now carrying out insurgency

Suffrage [time series]

universal adult at age NA

Government type (Type) [time series]

Marxist people's republic

Birth rate [time series]

47 births/1,000 population (1990)

Death rate [time series]

20 deaths/1,000 population (1990)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

37% Ovimbundu, 25% Kimbundu, 13% Bakongo, 2% Mestico, 1% European

Infant mortality rate [time series]

158 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

Labor force [time series]

2,783,000 economically active; 85% agriculture, 15% industry (1985 est.)

Languages (Language) [time series]

Portuguese (official); various Bantu dialects

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

42 years male, 46 years female (1990)

Literacy [time series]

41%

Nationality [time series]

noun--Angolan(s); adjective--Angolan

Net migration rate [time series]

2 migrants/1,000 population (1990)

Organized labor [time series]

about 450,695 (1980)

Population [time series]

8,534,483 (July 1990), growth rate 2.9% (1990)

Religions (Religion) [time series]

47% indigenous beliefs, 38% Roman Catholic, 15% Protestant (est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

6.7 children born/woman (1990)