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Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions [time series]

total: 6,000 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: less than 1 (2017 est.)

Broadcast media [time series]

state-run TV broadcasters transmit nationally on 9 TV and 10 radio stations, and regionally on 4 stations; 31 independent TV and 20 radio stations broadcast locally and regionally; many households are able to receive Russian and other foreign stations via cable and satellite (2016)

Internet country code [time series]

.tj

Internet users [time series]

total: 1,705,345 (July 2016 est.) | percent of population: 20.5% (July 2016 est.)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: foreign investment in the telephone system has resulted in major improvements; conversion of the existing fixed network from analogue to digital was completed in 2012 (2016) | domestic: fixed line availability has not changed significantly since 1998, while mobile cellular subscribership, aided by competition among multiple operators, has expanded rapidly; coverage now extends to all major cities and towns (2016) | international: country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 3 (2 Intelsat and 1 Orbita); established a single gateway for Internet traffic in December 2015, which is expected to limit the connectivity of nonstate-owned telecom, Internet, and mobile companies (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 468,000 (July 2016 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (July 2016 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total subscriptions: 9.4 million (July 2016 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 111 (July 2016 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats

Budget [time series]

revenues: 2.269 billion (2017 est.) | expenditures: 2.374 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central bank discount rate [time series]

16% (20 March 2017) | 6.5% (31 December 2012)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

30% (31 December 2017 est.) | 24.24% (31 December 2016 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

-$35 million (2017 est.) | -$362 million (2016 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$5.75 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $5.495 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

32.6 (2006) | 34.7 (1998)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Tajikistan is a poor, mountainous country with an economy dominated by minerals extraction, metals processing, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. Mineral resources include silver, gold, uranium, antimony, tungsten, and coal. Industry consists mainly of small obsolete factories in food processing and light industry, substantial hydropower facilities, and a large aluminum plant - currently operating well below its capacity. The 1992-97 civil war severely damaged an already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Today, Tajikistan is the poorest among the former Soviet republics. Because less than 7% of the land area is arable and cotton is the predominant crop, Tajikistan imports approximately 70% of its food. Since the end of the civil war, the country has pursued half-hearted reforms and privatizations in the economic sphere, but its poor business climate remains a hindrance to attracting foreign investment. Some experts estimate the value of narcotics transiting Tajikistan is equivalent to 30%-50% of GDP. Because of a lack of employment opportunities in Tajikistan, more than one million Tajik citizens work abroad - roughly 90% in Russia - supporting families back home through remittances that in 2017 were equivalent to nearly 35% of GDP. Tajikistan’s large remittances from migrant workers in Russia exposes it to monetary shocks. Tajikistan often delays devaluation of its currency for fear of inflationary pressures on food and other consumables. Recent slowdowns in the Russian and Chinese economies, low commodity prices, and currency fluctuations have hampered economic growth. The dollar value of remittances from Russia to Tajikistan dropped by almost 65% in 2015, and the government spent almost $500 million in 2016 to bail out the country’s still troubled banking sector. Tajikistan’s growing public debt – currently about 50% of GDP – could result in financial difficulties. Remittances from Russia increased in 2017, however, bolstering the economy somewhat. China owns about 50% of Tajikistan’s outstanding debt. Tajikistan has borrowed heavily to finance investment in the country’s vast hydropower potential. In 2016, Tajikistan contracted with the Italian firm Salini Impregilo to build the Roghun dam over a 13-year period for $3.9 billion. A 2017 Eurobond has largely funded Roghun’s first phase, after which sales from Roghun’s output are expected to fund the rest of its construction. The government has not ruled out issuing another Eurobond to generate auxiliary funding for its second phase.

Exchange rates [time series]

Tajikistani somoni (TJS) per US dollar - | 8.764 (2017 est.) | 7.8358 (2016 est.) | 7.8358 (2015 est.) | 6.1631 (2014 est.) | 4.9348 (2013 est.)

Exports [time series]

$873.1 million (2017 est.) | $691.1 million (2016 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles

Exports - partners [time series]

Turkey 27.5%, China 17.7%, Russia 13.4%, Switzerland 12.5%, Algeria 8.2%, Iran 7.1% (2017)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$7.144 billion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$28.43 billion (2017 est.) | $26.55 billion (2016 est.) | $24.83 billion (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 98.4% (2017 est.) | government consumption: 13.3% (2017 est.) | investment in fixed capital: 11.7% (2017 est.) | investment in inventories: 2.5% (2017 est.) | exports of goods and services: 10.7% (2017 est.) | imports of goods and services: -36.6% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 28.6% (2017 est.) | industry: 25.5% (2017 est.) | services: 45.9% (2017 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$3,200 (2017 est.) | $3,000 (2016 est.) | $2,900 (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

7.1% (2017 est.) | 6.9% (2016 est.) | 6% (2015 est.)

Gross national saving [time series]

24.4% of GDP (2017 est.) | 15.4% of GDP (2016 est.) | 11.8% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA (2009 est.) | highest 10%: NA (2009 est.)

Imports [time series]

$2.39 billion (2017 est.) | $2.554 billion (2016 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

Russia 38%, Kazakhstan 19%, China 8.7%, Iran 4.4% (2017)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

1% (2017 est.)

Industries [time series]

aluminum, cement, coal, gold, silver, antimony, textile, vegetable oil

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

7.3% (2017 est.) | 5.9% (2016 est.)

Labor force [time series]

2.295 million (2016 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 43% | industry: 10.6% | services: 46.4% (2016 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

Population below poverty line [time series]

31.5% (2016 est.)

Public debt [time series]

50.4% of GDP (2017 est.) | 42% of GDP (2016 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$1.292 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $652.8 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$1.389 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $1.108 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$16.3 billion (31 December 2009)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$2.272 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$1.06 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $1.711 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$1.389 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $1.108 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

31.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

2.4% (2016 est.) | 2.5% (2015 est.) | note: official rate; actual unemployment is much higher

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

6.329 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - production [time series]

180 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

12 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity - consumption [time series]

12.96 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - exports [time series]

1.4 billion kWh NA (2015 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

6% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

94% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

103 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

5.508 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

17.03 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity access [time series]

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

19.82 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - production [time series]

19.82 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

24,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

22,460 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

172 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 144,100 sq km | land: 141,510 sq km | water: 2,590 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Climate [time series]

mid-latitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation [time series]

mean elevation: 3,186 m | elevation extremes: 300 m lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) | 7495 highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni

Environment - current issues [time series]

areas of high air pollution from motor vehicles and industry; water pollution from agricultural runoff and disposal of untreated industrial waste and sewage; poor management of water resources; soil erosion; increasing levels of soil salinity

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

39 00 N, 71 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR

Irrigated land [time series]

7,420 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 4,130 km | border countries (4): Afghanistan 1357 km, China 477 km, Kyrgyzstan 984 km, Uzbekistan 1312 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 34.7% (2011 est.) | arable land: 6.1% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 0.9% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 27.7% (2011 est.) | forest: 2.9% (2011 est.) | other: 62.4% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Central Asia, west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan

Map references [time series]

Asia

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

earthquakes; floods

Natural resources [time series]

hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold

Population distribution [time series]

the country's population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as much as 90% of the people living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west

Terrain [time series]

mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor), 1 capital region** (viloyati poytakht), and 1 area referred to as Districts Under Republic Administration***; Dushanbe**, Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Kuhistoni Badakhshon [Gorno-Badakhshan]* (Khorugh), Nohiyahoi Tobei Jumhuri***, Sughd (Khujand) | note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses

Capital [time series]

name: Dushanbe | geographic coordinates: 38 33 N, 68 46 E | time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tajikistan | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years or 3 years of continuous residence prior to application

Constitution [time series]

history: several previous; latest adopted 6 November 1994 (2017) | amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or by at least one-third of the total membership of both houses of the Supreme Assembly; adoption of any amendment requires a referendum, which includes approval by the president or approval by at least two-thirds of the Assembly of Representatives membership; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of votes; note – constitutional articles including Tajikistan’s form of government, its territory, and its democratic nature cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2016 (2017)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan | conventional short form: Tajikistan | local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston | local short form: Tojikiston | former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic | etymology: the Persian suffix "-stan" means "place of" or "country," so the word Tajikistan literally means "Land of the Tajik [people]"

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Kevin COVERT (since 31 August 2017) | embassy: 109-A Ismoili Somoni Avenue, Dushanbe 734019 | mailing address: 7090 Dushanbe Place, Dulles, VA 20189 | telephone: [992] (37) 229-20-00 | FAX: [992] (37) 229-20-50

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Farhod SALIM (since 21 May 2014) | chancery: 1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 | telephone: [1] (202) 223-6090 | FAX: [1] (202) 223-6091

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Emomali RAHMON (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992) | head of government: Prime Minister Qohir RASULZODA (since 23 November 2013) | cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly | elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term for a maximum of two terms; however, as the "Leader of the Nation" President RAHMON can run an unlimited number of times; election last held on 6 November 2013 (next to be held in November 2020); prime minister appointed by the president | election results: Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON (PDPT) 83.9%, Ismoil TALBAKOV (CPT) 5%, other 11.1%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe; red represents the sun, victory, and the unity of the nation, white stands for purity, cotton, and mountain snows, while green is the color of Islam and the bounty of nature; the crown symbolizes the Tajik people; the seven stars signify the Tajik magic number "seven" - a symbol of perfection and the embodiment of happiness

Government type [time series]

presidential republic

Independence [time series]

9 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairmen, and 34 judges organized into civil, criminal, and military chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of the court chairman, vice president, and 5 judges); High Economic Court (consists of 16 judicial positions) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and High Economic Court judges nominated by the president and approved by the National Assembly; judges of all 3 courts appointed for 10-year renewable terms with no term limits, but the last appointment must occur before the age of 65 | subordinate courts: regional and district courts; Dushanbe City Court; viloyat (province level) courts; Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region

Legal system [time series]

civil law system

Legislative branch [time series]

description: bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of: National Assembly or Majlisi Milli (34 seats; 25 members indirectly elected by local representative assemblies or majlisi, 8 appointed by the president, and 1 reserved for each living former president; members serve 5-year terms) Assembly of Representatives or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; 41 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by 2-round absolute majority vote and 22 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) | elections: National Assembly - last held on 1 March 2015 (next to be held in 2020) Assembly of Representatives - last held on 1 March 2015 (next to be held in 2020) | election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 32, women 2, percent of women 5.9% Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65.4%, APT 11.7%, PERT 7.5%, SPT 5.5%, CPT 2.2%, DPT 1.7%, other 6%; seats by party - PDPT 51, APT 5, PERT 3, CPT 2, SPT 1, DPT 1; composition - men 51, women 12, percent of women19%; note - total Supreme Assembly percent of women 14.4%

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Surudi milli" (National Anthem) | lyrics/music: Gulnazar KELDI/Sulaimon YUDAKOV | note: adopted 1991; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet republic but adopted new lyrics

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)

National symbol(s) [time series]

crown surmounted by an arc of seven, five-pointed stars; snow leopard; national colors: red, white, green

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Rustam LATIFZODA] Communist Party of Tajikistan or CPT [Miroj ABDULLOYEV] Democratic Party of Tajikistan or DPT [Saidjafar USMONZODA] Party of Economic Reform of Tajikistan or PERT [Olimjon BOBOEV] People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON] Social Democratic Party of Tajikistan or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV] Socialist Party of Tajikistan or SPT [Abduhalim GHAFFOROV]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bands of indigenous guerrillas (called "basmachi") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan was first created as an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan in 1924, but the USSR designated Tajikistan a separate republic in 1929 and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd province. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan, and ethnic Tajiks an even larger minority in Uzbekistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and experienced a civil war between political, regional, and religious factions from 1992 to 1997. Tajikistan has endured several domestic security incidents since 2010, including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and criminal groups in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. In September 2015, government security forces rebuffed attacks led by a former high-ranking official in the Ministry of Defense. President Emomali RAHMON, who came to power during the civil war, used the attacks to ban the main opposition political party in Tajikistan. In May 2016, RAHMON further strengthened his position by having himself designated "Leader of the Nation" with limitless terms and lifelong immunity through constitutional amendments ratified in a referendum. The referendum also lowered the minimum age required to run for president from 35 to 30, which would make RAHMON's son Rustam EMOMALI, the current mayor of the capital Dushanbe, eligible to run for president in 2020. The country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Tajikistan became a member of the WTO in March 2013. However, its economy continues to face major challenges, including dependence on remittances from Tajiks working in Russia, pervasive corruption, and the opiate trade emanating from neighboring Afghanistan.

Military and Security

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Mobile Forces (2013)

Military expenditures [time series]

1.19% of GDP (2017) | 1.25% of GDP (2016) | 1.22% of GDP (2015) | 1.13% of GDP (2014) | 1% of GDP (2012)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; 2-year conscript service obligation; males required to undergo compulsory military training between ages 16 and 55; males can enroll in military schools from at least age 15 (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 32.05% (male 1,404,403 /female 1,353,704) | 15-24 years: 18.35% (male 801,172 /female 777,524) | 25-54 years: 40.34% (male 1,721,081 /female 1,749,819) | 55-64 years: 5.85% (male 231,820 /female 271,946) | 65 years and over: 3.41% (male 121,405 /female 172,008) (2018 est.) | population pyramid: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × Central Asia :: Tajikistan Print Image Description This is the population pyramid for Tajikistan. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Birth rate [time series]

22.8 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

13.3% (2012)

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

27.9% (2012)

Death rate [time series]

5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 62.5 (2015 est.) | youth dependency ratio: 57.1 (2015 est.) | elderly dependency ratio: 5.4 (2015 est.) | potential support ratio: 18.5 (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

5.2% of GDP (2015)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Tajik 84.3% (includes Pamiri and Yagnobi), Uzbek 12.2%, other 3.5% (includes Kyrgyz, Russian, Turkmen, Tatar, Arab) (2010 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.3% (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

<1000 (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

15,000 (2017 est.)

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

6.9% of GDP (2014)

Hospital bed density [time series]

4.8 beds/1,000 population (2013)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 30.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | male: 34.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | female: 26.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages [time series]

Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz .8%, Russian .5%, other 2.4% (2010 est.) | note: Russian widely used in government and business

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 68.4 years (2018 est.) | male: 65.2 years (2018 est.) | female: 71.7 years (2018 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.) | total population: 99.8% (2015 est.) | male: 99.8% (2015 est.) | female: 99.7% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: high (2016) | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever (2016) | vectorborne diseases: malaria (2016)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

873,000 DUSHANBE (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

32 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age [time series]

total: 24.8 years | male: 24.2 years | female: 25.4 years (2018 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

22 years (2017 est.) | note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Nationality [time series]

noun: Tajikistani(s) | adjective: Tajikistani

Net migration rate [time series]

-1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

14.2% (2016)

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

1.71 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Population [time series]

8,604,882 (July 2018 est.)

Population distribution [time series]

the country's population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as much as 90% of the people living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west

Population growth rate [time series]

1.58% (2018 est.)

Religions [time series]

Muslim 96.7% (Sunni ~90%, Shia ~7%), Christian 1.6%, unaffiliated 1.5%, other .2% (2010 est.)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 11 years (2013) | male: 12 years (2013) | female: 11 years (2013)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 25-54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 55-64 years: 0.85 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

2.59 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 16.7% (2009 est.) | male: 19.2% (2009 est.) | female: 13.7% (2009 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 27.1% of total population (2018) | rate of urbanization: 2.62% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

in 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and remove minefieldsdisputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan

Illicit drugs [time series]

Tajikistan sits on one of the world's highest volume illicit drug trafficking routes, between Afghan opiate production to the south and the illicit drug markets of Russia and Eastern Europe to the north; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; significant consumer of opiates

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

stateless persons: 10,500 (2017)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

24 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 17 (2013) | over 3,047 m: 2 (2013) | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 (2013) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 (2013) | 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2013) | under 914 m: 3 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 7 (2013) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2013) | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013) | under 914 m: 5 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]

EY (2016)

National air transport system [time series]

number of registered air carriers: 2 (2015) | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 10 (2015) | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 802,470 (2015) | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 105,376 mt-km (2015)

Pipelines [time series]

549 km gas, 38 km oil (2013)

Railways [time series]

total: 680 km (2014) | broad gauge: 680 km 1.520-m gauge (2014)

Roadways [time series]

total: 27,767 km (2000)

Waterways [time series]

200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2011)