Internet users (Internet Service Providers (ISPs)) [time series]

NA

Internet country code [time series]

.tj

Internet users [time series]

2,000 (2000)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 5 (1998)

Radios [time series]

1.291 million (1991)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network domestic: cable and microwave radio relay international: linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

363,000 (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

2,500 (1997)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

0 (there are, however, repeaters that relay programs from Russia, Iran, and Turkey) (1997)

Televisions [time series]

860,000 (1991)

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats

Budget [time series]

revenues: $146 million expenditures: $196 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

somoni

Exchange rates (Currency code) [time series]

SM

Debt - external [time series]

$1.3 billion (1999 est.)

Economic aid (Economic aid - recipient) [time series]

$64.7 million (1995)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Tajikistan has the lowest per capita GDP among the 15 former Soviet republics. Cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The Tajikistani economy has been gravely weakened by six years of civil conflict and by the loss of subsidies from Moscow and of markets for its products. Most of its people live in abject poverty. Tajikistan depends on aid from Russia and Uzbekistan and on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence needs. The future of Tajikistan's economy and the potential for attracting foreign investment depend upon stability and continued progress in the peace process.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

14.729 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports [time series]

3.9 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports [time series]

4.1 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - production [time series]

15.623 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source [time series]

fossil fuel: 1.9% hydro: 98.1% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999)

Exchange rates [time series]

Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 2.2 (January 2001), 1550 (January 2000), 998 (January 1999), 350 (January 1997), 284 (January 1996) note: the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles

Exports [time series]

$761 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles

Exports - partners [time series]

Liechtenstein 26%, Uzbekistan 20%, Russia 8% (1998)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $7.3 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 19.8% industry: 18.1% services: 62.1% (1998)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $1,140 (2000 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

5.1% (2000 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports [time series]

$782 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

Europe 32.3%, Uzbekistan 29%, Russia 13.6% (1998)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

10% (2000 est.)

Industries [time series]

aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

33% (2000 est.)

Labor force [time series]

1.9 million (1996)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture 50%, industry 20%, services 30% (1997 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

80% (2000 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

5.7% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (December 1998)

Area [time series]

total: 143,100 sq km land: 142,700 sq km water: 400 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Climate [time series]

midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Syrdariya 300 m highest point: Pik Imeni Ismail Samani 7,495 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

39 00 N, 71 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked

Irrigated land [time series]

6,390 sq km (1993 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 3,651 km border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 6% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 25% forests and woodland: 4% other: 65% (1993 est.)

Location [time series]

Central Asia, west of China

Map references [time series]

Commonwealth of Independent States

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

NA

Natural resources [time series]

hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold

Terrain [time series]

Pamir and Alay mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

Administrative divisions [time series]

2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati mukhtori); Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobod (Khujand - formerly Leninabad) note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses

Capital [time series]

Dushanbe

Constitution [time series]

6 November 1994

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan conventional short form: Tajikistan local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston local short form: none former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Robert P. J. FINN embassy: temporarily collocated with the US Embassy in Almaty (Kazakhstan) mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: NA

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

Tajikistan does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a permanent mission to the UN: address - 136 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, telephone - [1] (212) 472-7645, FAX - [1] (212) 628-0252; permanent representative to the UN is Rashid ALIMOV

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992) head of government: Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 6 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Emomali RAHMONOV elected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 97%, Davlat USMON 2%

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

NA

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

International organization participation [time series]

AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, IOM, ITU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (33 seats; members are indirectly elected, 25 selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; all to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 February and 12 March 2000 for the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held NA 2005) and 23 March 2000 for the National Assembly (next to be held NA 2005) election results: Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65%, Communist Party 20%, Islamic Rebirth Party 7.5%, other 7.5%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 9 September (1991)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Congress of People's Unity of Tajikistan [Saiffidin TURAYEV]; Democratic Party or TDP [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV, chairman]; Islamic Rebirth Party [Muhammadsharif HIMMAT-ZODA, chairman]; Lali Badakhshan Movement [Atobek AMIRBEKOV]; National Movement Party [Hakim MUHHABATOV]; Party of Justice and Development [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Rastokhez (Rebirth) Movement [Tohiri ABDUJABBOR]; Socialist Party [Sherali KENJAEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]; Adolatho "Justice" Party [Abdurahmon KARIMOV, chairman]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

NA

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Background [time series]

Tajikistan has experienced three changes in government and a five-year civil war since it gained independence in 1991 from the USSR. A peace agreement among rival factions was signed in 1997, and implementation reportedly completed by late 1999. Part of the agreement required the legalization of opposition political parties prior to the 1999 elections, which occurred, but such parties have made little progress in successful participation in government. Random criminal and political violence in the country remains a complication impairing Tajikistan's ability to engage internationally.

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, Air Force, Air Defense Forces, Presidential National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

$17 million (FY97)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

1.8% (FY97)

Military manpower - availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,586,700 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,300,252 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - military age [time series]

18 years of age

Military manpower - reaching military age annually [time series]

males: 72,056 (2001 est.)

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 41.18% (male 1,367,194; female 1,341,967) 15-64 years: 54.22% (male 1,773,605; female 1,793,345) 65 years and over: 4.6% (male 131,009; female 171,561) (2001 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

33.23 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate [time series]

8.57 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

less than 0.01% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

less than 100 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

less than 100 (1999 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

116.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Languages [time series]

Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 64.18 years male: 61.09 years female: 67.42 years (2001 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 99% female: 97% (1989 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Tajikistani(s) adjective: Tajikistani

Net migration rate [time series]

-3.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Population [time series]

6,578,681 (July 2001 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.12% (2001 est.)

Religions [time series]

Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Disputes - international [time series]

portions of Tajikistan's northern and western border with Uzbekistan and its eastern border with China have not been officially demarcated; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area

Illicit drugs [time series]

major transshipment zone for heroin and opiates from Afghanistan going to Russia and Western Europe; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption

Airports [time series]

53 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 51 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 36 (2000 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 29,900 km paved: 21,400 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather) unpaved: 8,500 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)

Pipelines [time series]

natural gas 400 km (1992)

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

none

Railways [time series]

total: 480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990)

Waterways [time series]

none