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Communications

Broadcast media (Radio) [time series]

broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

303,000 telephones (December 1991); about 55 telephones/1,000 persons (1991); poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network local: NA intercity: cable and microwave radio relay international: linked by cable and microwave to other CIS republics, and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by INTELSAT to international gateway switch in Ankara; 1 Orbita and 2 INTELSAT earth stations

Broadcast media (Television) [time series]

broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA note: 1 INTELSAT earth station provides TV receive-only service from Turkey

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army (being formed), National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$NA, NA% of GDP TANZANIA

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 1,410,229; males fit for military service 1,153,638; males reach military age (18) annually 57,942 (1995 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep and goats

Budget [time series]

revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks; Tajikistan uses the Russian ruble as its currency by agreement with Russia; government has plans to introduce its own currency, the Tajik ruble, in 1995

Economic aid [time series]

recipient: Russia and Uzbekistan reportedly provided substantial general assistance throughout 1993 and 1994; Western aid and credits promised through the end of 1993 were $700 million but disbursements were only $104 million; large scale development loans await IMF approval of a reform and stabilization plan

Electricity [time series]

capacity: 3,800,000 kW production: 17 billion kWh consumption per capita: 2,800 kWh (1994)

Exchange rates [time series]

Exports [time series]

$320 million to outside the FSU countries (1994) commodities: cotton, aluminum, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles partners: Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$NA

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Illicit drugs [time series]

illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America

Imports [time series]

$318 million from outside the FSU countries (1994) commodities: fuel, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs partners: Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate -31% (1994)

Industries [time series]

aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

NA%

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - purchasing power parity - $8.5 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$1,415 (1994 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

-12% (1994 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Tajikistan had the next-to-lowest per capita GDP in the former USSR, the highest rate of population growth, and an extremely low standard of living. Agriculture dominates the economy, cotton being the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry is limited to a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The Tajik economy has been gravely weakened by three years of civil war and by the loss of subsidies and markets for its products, which has left Tajikistan dependent on Russia and Uzbekistan and on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence needs. Moreover, constant political turmoil and the continued dominance by former Communist officials have impeded the introduction of meaningful economic reforms. In the meantime, Tajikistan's efforts to adopt the Russian ruble as its domestic currency despite Russia's unwillingness to supply sufficient rubles left the country in a severe monetary crisis throughout 1994, keeping inflation low but leaving workers and pensioners unpaid for months at a time. The government has announced plans to introduce its own currency in 1995 to help resolve the problem.

Unemployment rate [time series]

1.5% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (September 1994)

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 143,100 sq km land area: 142,700 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Climate [time series]

midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

current issues: inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea which suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

boundary with China in dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area; Afghanistan's and other foreign support to Tajik rebels based in northern Afghanistan

Irrigated land [time series]

6,940 sq km (1990)

Land boundaries [time series]

total 3,651 km, Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 6% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 23% forest and woodland: 0% other: 71%

Location [time series]

Central Asia, west of China

Map references [time series]

Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States

Maritime claims [time series]

none; landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

significant hydropower potential, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten

Note [time series]

landlocked

Terrain [time series]

Pamir and Altay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati avtonomii); Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni Kuni* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobad (Khujand - formerly Leninabad) note: the administrative center names are in parentheses

Capital [time series]

Dushanbe

Constitution [time series]

new constitution adopted 6 November 1994

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: NA chancery: NA telephone: NA

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Emomili RAKHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; was Head of State and Assembly Chairman since NA November 1992); election last held 6 November 1994 (next to be held NA 1998); results - Emomili RAKHMONOV 58%, Abdumalik ABDULLAJANOV 40% head of government: Prime Minister Jamshed KARIMOV (since 2 December 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers

Flag [time series]

three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a crown surmounted by seven five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe

Independence [time series]

9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Judicial branch [time series]

Prosecutor General

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

CIS, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan conventional short form: Tajikistan local long form: Jumhurii Tojikistan local short form: none former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

National holiday [time series]

National Day, 9 September (1991)

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

Tajikistan Opposition Movement based in northern Afghanistan

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Communist Party (People's Party of Tajikistan - PPT), Abdumalik ABDULAJANOV; Party of Economic Freedom (PEF), Abdumalik ABDULAJANOV; Tajik Socialist Party (TSP), Shodi SHABDOLOV; Tajik Democratic Party (TDP), Abdu-Nabi SATARZADE, chairman; note - suspended for six months; Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), Sayed Abdullo NURI, chairman; Rebirth (Rastokhez), Takhir ABDUZHABOROV; Lali Badakhshan Society, Atobek AMIRBEK; People's Democratic Party (PDP), Abdujalil HAMIDOV, chairman; Tajikistan Party of Economic and Political Renewal (TPEPR), Mukhtor BOBOYEV note: all the above-listed parties except the Communist Party, the Party of National Unity, and the People's Party were banned in June 1993

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Legislative branch (Supreme Soviet) [time series]

elections last held 26 February 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; estimated seats - (181 total) Communist Party and affiliates 100, Popular Party 10, Party of Political and Economic Progress 1, Party of Popular Unity 6, other 64

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Stanley T. ESCUDERO embassy: Interim Chancery, #39 Ainii Street, Oktyabrskaya Hotel, Dushanbe mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [7] (3772) 21-03-56

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 43% (female 1,303,627; male 1,340,086) 15-64 years: 53% (female 1,612,429; male 1,624,379) 65 years and over: 4% (female 157,841; male 117,112) (July 1995 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

34.06 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Death rate [time series]

6.58 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

60.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)

Labor force [time series]

1.95 million (1992) by occupation: agriculture and forestry 43%, government and services 24%, industry 14%, trade and communications 11%, construction 8% (1990)

Languages [time series]

Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 69.03 years male: 66.11 years female: 72.1 years (1995 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1989) total population: 98% male: 99% female: 97%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Tajik(s) adjective: Tajik

Net migration rate [time series]

-1.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Population [time series]

6,155,474 (July 1995 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.6% (1995 est.)

Religions [time series]

Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.55 children born/woman (1995 est.)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

total: 59 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 9 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 36

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 29,900 km paved: 21,400 km unpaved: earth 8,500 km (1990)

Pipelines [time series]

natural gas 400 km (1992)

Ports [time series]

none

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

total: 480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990)