Tajikistan

presidential republic

name: Dushanbe geographic coordinates: 38 33 N, 68 46 E time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name means Monday in Persian; today's city was originally at the crossroads where a large bazaar was held on Mondays, or the second day ( du ) after Saturday ( shambe )

chief of state: President Emomali RAHMON (since 16 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly Chairman since 20 November 1992) head of government: Prime Minister Qohir RASULZODA (since 23 November 2013) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly election/appointment process: president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 7-year term (two-term limit), but as the "Leader of the Nation," president has no term limit; prime minister appointed by the president most recent election date: 11 October 2020 election results: 2020 : Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON (PDPT) 92.1%, Rustam LATIFZODA (APT) 3.1%, other 4.8% 2013: Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON (PDPT) 84%, Ismoil TALBAKOV CPT) 5%, other 11% expected date of next election: 2027

legislature name: Supreme Council (Majlisi Oli) legislative structure: bicameral

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairmen, and 34 judges organized into civil, family, criminal, administrative offense, and military chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of the court chairman, deputy chairman, and 5 judges); High Economic Court (consists of 16 judicial positions) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and High Economic Court judges nominated by the president and approved by the National Assembly; judges of all 3 courts appointed for 10-year renewable terms with no term limits, but the last appointment must occur before the age of 65 subordinate courts: regional and district courts; Dushanbe City Court; viloyat (province-level) courts; Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region

history: several previous; latest adopted 6 November 1994 amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by at least one third of the total membership of both houses of the Supreme Assembly; adoption of any amendment requires a referendum, which includes approval of the president or approval by at least two-thirds majority of the Assembly of Representatives; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of votes; constitutional articles, including Tajikistan s form of government, its territory, and its democratic nature, cannot be amended

ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

1.8% of GDP (2024 est.) 2% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.9% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.2% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan: Ground Forces, Mobile Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces Tajik National Guard (TNG); Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Troops of Tajikistan; State Committee on National Security: Border Troops (aka Tajik Border Service) (2025) note 1: the Mobile Forces are the airborne, air assault, mountain, and rapid reaction troops of the Armed Forces note 2: the Tajik National Guard, formerly the Presidential Guard, is a paramilitary force under direct authority of the President; it is tasked with ensuring public safety and security, similar to the tasks of the Internal Troops; it also has ceremonial duties

18-27 years of age for compulsory (men only) or voluntary (men and women) military service; up to a 24-month service obligation for conscripts based on education level (2025) note 1: in addition to the Armed Forces, conscripts are assigned to Tajikistan's other security agencies note 2: those called up to perform military service can participate in just one month of military training instead of fulfilling the full service obligation for a fee of about the equivalent of $2,200 USD

the military's primary concerns are terrorism, border security, territorial defense, and regional security, particularly in neighboring Afghanistan; Russia is traditionally Tajikistan s most important security partner and thousands of Russian troops are stationed in the country, primarily at the 201st military base, which Moscow has leased until at least 2042; Russia and Tajikistan have a joint air defense system, and they conduct periodic joint exercises; Tajikistan has been a member of the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force; Tajikistan also cooperates on security matters with China, including joint military training Tajikistan is the only former Soviet republic that did not form its armed forces from old Soviet Army units following the collapse of the USSR in 1991; rather, Russia retained command of the Soviet units there while the Tajik government raised a military from scratch; the first ground forces were officially created in 1993 from groups that fought for the government during the Tajik Civil War (2025)

$50.37 billion (2024 est.) $46.467 billion (2023 est.) $42.905 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

$4,800 (2024 est.) $4,500 (2023 est.) $4,200 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

8.4% (2024 est.) 8.3% (2023 est.) 8% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

7.7% (2019 est.) 3.9% (2018 est.) 7.3% (2017 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

42% of GDP (2016 est.)

$1.618 billion (2024 est.) $2.105 billion (2023 est.) $1.753 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

$6.907 billion (2024 est.) $5.931 billion (2023 est.) $5.261 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

11.7% (2024 est.) 11.6% (2023 est.) 11.7% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

revenues: $2.911 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $3.036 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

aluminum, cement, coal, gold, silver, antimony, textile, vegetable oil

potatoes, milk, wheat, watermelons, onions, tomatoes, carrots/turnips, cotton, vegetables, grapes (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

total: 10,593,876 (2025 est.) male: 5,322,920 female: 5,270,956

1.89% (2025 est.)

0-14 years: 36.9% (male 1,953,472/female 1,877,192) 15-64 years: 59.3% (male 3,086,964/female 3,071,642) 65 years and over: 3.9% (2024 est.) (male 181,382/female 223,411)

25.31 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

4.45 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

-1.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total population: 71.9 years (2024 est.) male: 70.1 years female: 73.8 years

urban population: 28.2% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 2.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Tajik 84.3% (includes Pamiri and Yagnobi), Uzbek 13.8%, other 2% (includes Kyrgyz, Russian, Turkmen, Tatar, Arab) (2014 est.)

Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz 0.8%, Russian 0.5%, other 2.4% (2010 est.) major-language sample(s): Китоби Фактҳои Ҷаҳонӣ, манбаи бебадали маълумоти асосӣ (Tajik) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: Russian widely used in government and business

Muslim 98% (Sunni 95%, Shia 3%) other 2% (2014 est.)

female: 94.6% (2017 est.)

hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold

Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) note 1: US-designated foreign terrorist groups such as the Islamic Jihad Union, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham-Khorasan Province have operated in the area where the Uzbek, Kyrgyz, and Tajik borders converge and ill-defined and porous borders allow for the relatively free movement of people and illicit goods note 2: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

refugees: 15,191 (2024 est.) IDPs: 238 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 4,466 (2024 est.)

19 (2025)

total: 680 km (2014) broad gauge: 680 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge

total subscriptions: 7.92 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 119 (2023 est.)

percent of population: 57% (2023 est.)