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Communications

Internet users (Internet Service Providers (ISPs)) [time series]

4 (2002)

Internet country code [time series]

.tj

Internet users [time series]

5,000 (2002)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 8, FM 10, shortwave 2 (2002)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network domestic: cable and microwave radio relay international: linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

363,000 (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

2,500 (1997)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

13 (2001)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats

Budget [time series]

revenues: $502 million expenditures: $520 million, including capital expenditures of $86 million (2002 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

somoni

Exchange rates (Currency code) [time series]

TJS

Debt - external [time series]

$1 billion (2002 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

34.7 (1998)

Economic aid (Economic aid - recipient) [time series]

$60.7 million from US (2001)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Tajikistan has the lowest per capita GDP among the 15 former Soviet republics. Only 8% to 10% of the land area is arable. Cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The civil war (1992-97) severely damaged the already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Even though 60% of its people continue to live in abject poverty, Tajikistan has experienced steady economic growth since 1997. Continued privatization of medium and large state-owned enterprises will further increase productivity. Tajikistan's economic situation, however, remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, weak governance, widespread unemployment, and the external debt burden. A debt restructuring agreement was reached with Russia in December 2002, including an interest rate of 4%, a 3-year grace period, and a US $49.8 million credit to the Central Bank of Tajikistan.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

14.52 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - exports [time series]

3.909 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - imports [time series]

5.242 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - production [time series]

14.18 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - production by source [time series]

fossil fuel: 1.9% hydro: 98.1% other: 0% (2001) nuclear: 0%

Exchange rates [time series]

Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 2.7 (2002), 2.37 (2001), 2.08 (2000), 1.24 (1999), 0.78 (1998) note: the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles

Exports [time series]

$710 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles

Exports - partners [time series]

Netherlands 29.4%, Turkey 16.1%, Russia 11.9%, Uzbekistan 9.9%, Switzerland 9.3%, Hungary 5.4%, Latvia 4.2% (2002)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $8.476 billion (2002 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 19% industry: 26% services: 55% (2002 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2002 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

9.1% (2002 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3.2% highest 10%: 25.2% (1998)

Imports [time series]

$830 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

Russia 22.7%, Uzbekistan 18.4%, Ukraine 11.2%, Kazakhstan 10%, Turkmenistan 6.5%, Azerbaijan 5.7%, India 4.4% (2002)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

10.3% (2000 est.)

Industries [time series]

aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

12% (2001 est.)

Labor force [time series]

3.187 million (2000)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture 67.2%, industry 7.5%, services 25.3% (2000 est.)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

1.3 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

1.25 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - production [time series]

50 million cu m (2001 est.)

Oil - consumption [time series]

20,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - exports [time series]

NA (2001)

Oil - imports [time series]

NA (2001)

Oil - production [time series]

250 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

60% (2001 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

40% (2002 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 143,100 sq km water: 400 sq km land: 142,700 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Climate [time series]

midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

39 00 N, 71 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR

Irrigated land [time series]

7,200 sq km (1998 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 3,651 km border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 5.41% permanent crops: 0.92% other: 93.67% (1998 est.)

Location [time series]

Central Asia, west of China

Map references [time series]

Asia

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

earthquakes and floods

Natural resources [time series]

hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold

Terrain [time series]

Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor); Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* (Khorugh), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Viloyati Sughd (Khujand) note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses

Capital [time series]

Dushanbe

Constitution [time series]

6 November 1994

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan conventional short form: Tajikistan local short form: Tojikiston former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Richard E. HOAGLAND embassy: 10 Pavlova Street, Dushanbe, Tajikistan 734003; note - the embassy in Dushanbe is not yet fully operational; most business is still handled in Almaty at 531 Sayfullin Street, Almaty, Kazakhstan, telephone 7-3272-58-79-61, FAX 7-3272-58-79-68 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [992] (372) 21-03-48 (Dushanbe) FAX: [992] (372) 21-03-62

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Khamrokhon ZARIPOV chancery: 1725 K Sreet NW, Suite 409, Washington, DC 20006 FAX: [1] (202) 223-6091 telephone: [1] (202) 223-6090

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992) head of government: Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly election results: Emomali RAHMONOV elected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 97%, Davlat USMON 2% elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 6 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president; Tajikistan held a constitutional referendum on 22 June 2003 that, among other things, set a term limit of two seven-year terms for the president

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

International organization participation [time series]

AsDB, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM, ITU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (33 seats; members are indirectly elected, 25 selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; all serve five-year terms) election results: Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65%, Communist Party 20%, Islamic Rebirth Party 7.5%, other 7.5%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA elections: last held 27 February and 12 March 2000 for the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held NA 2005) and 23 March 2000 for the National Assembly (next to be held NA 2005)

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV, chairman]; Islamic Revival Party [Said Abdullo NURI, chairman]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Social Democratic Party or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Sherali KENJAYEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

there are two unregistered political parties with 1,000 or more members: Progressive Party [Suton QUVVATOV]; Unity Party [Hikmatuko SAIDOV]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Tajikistan has experienced three changes in government and a five-year civil war since it gained independence in 1991 from the USSR. A peace agreement among rival factions was signed in 1997, and implemented in 2000. The central government's less than total control over some areas of the country has forced it to compromise and forge alliances among factions. Attention by the international community in the wake of the war in Afghanistan has brought increased economic development assistance, which could create jobs and increase stability in the long term. Tajikistan is in the early stages of seeking World Trade Organization membership and has joined NATO's Partnership for Peace.

Military

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, Air Force and Air Defense Force, Presidential National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

$35.4 million (FY01)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

3.9% (FY01)

Military manpower - availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,704,457 (2003 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,397,188 (2003 est.)

Military manpower - military age [time series]

18 years of age (2003 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually [time series]

males: 82,490 (2003 est.)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 39.8% (male 1,376,244; female 1,353,108) 15-64 years: 55.5% (male 1,896,509; female 1,915,334) 65 years and over: 4.7% (male 140,993; female 181,564) (2003 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

32.78 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)

Death rate [time series]

8.46 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

less than 0.1% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

less than 100 (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

less than 200 (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 113.43 deaths/1,000 live births female: 99.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) male: 126.58 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages [time series]

Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 64.37 years male: 61.39 years female: 67.5 years (2003 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.4% male: 99.6% female: 99.1% (2003 est.)

Median age [time series]

total: 19.3 years male: 19 years female: 19.6 years (2002)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Tajikistani(s) adjective: Tajikistani

Net migration rate [time series]

-3.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)

Population [time series]

6,863,752 (July 2003 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.13% (2003 est.)

Religions [time series]

Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslim 5%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2003 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.17 children born/woman (2003 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

prolonged regional drought creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; boundary agreements signed in 2002 cede 1,000 sq km of Pamir Mountain range to China in return for China relinquishing claims to 28,000 sq km of Tajikistani lands; negotiations with China resolved the longstanding boundary dispute; talks have begun with Uzbekistan to demine and delimit border; disputes in Isfara Valley delay completion of delimitation with Kyrgyzstan

Illicit drugs [time series]

major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; Tajikistan seizes roughly 80 percent of all drugs captured in Central Asia and stands third world-wide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw opium)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

66 (2002)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 13 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 53 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 36 (2002)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 27,767 km paved: NA unpaved: NA (2000)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 540 km; oil 38 km (2003)

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

none

Railways [time series]

total: 482 km broad gauge: 482 km 1.520-m gauge (2002)

Waterways [time series]

none