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Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions [time series]

total: 315,319 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (2017 est.)

Broadcast media [time series]

2 public TV networks operating alongside about 40 privately owned TV stations that provide local to near nationwide coverage; major Russian broadcast stations are widely available; subscription cable TV services are available in most regions; Armenian TV completed conversion from analog to digital broadcasting in late 2016; Public Radio of Armenia is a national, state-run broadcast network that operates alongside 21 privately owned radio stations; several major international broadcasters are available (2017)

Internet country code [time series]

.am

Internet users [time series]

total: 1,891,775 (July 2016 est.) | percent of population: 62% (July 2016 est.)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: telecommunications investments have made major inroads in modernizing and upgrading the outdated telecommunications network inherited from the Soviet era; now 100% privately owned and undergoing modernization and expansion; with a small populaton and low GDP - moderate growth in mobile market; mobile operators promise mobile broadband to be faster (2017) | domestic: 17 per 100 fixed-line, 115 per 100 mobile-cellular; reliable fixed-line and mobile-cellular services are available across Yerevan and in major cities and towns; mobile-cellular coverage available in most rural areas (2017) | international: country code - 374; Yerevan is connected to the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic cable through Iran; additional international service is available by microwave radio relay and landline connections to the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, through the Moscow international switch, and by satellite to the rest of the world; satellite earth stations - 3 (2015)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 505,190 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2017 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total subscriptions: 3,488,524 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 115 (2017 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

fruit (especially grapes and apricots), vegetables; livestock

Budget [time series]

revenues: 2.644 billion (2017 est.) | expenditures: 3.192 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-4.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central bank discount rate [time series]

6.5% (14 December 2016) | 10.5% (10 February 2015) | note: this is the Refinancing Rate, the key monetary policy instrument of the Armenian National Bank

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

14.41% (31 December 2017 est.) | 17.36% (31 December 2016 est.) | note: average lending rate on loans up to one year

Current account balance [time series]

-$328 million (2017 est.) | -$238 million (2016 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$10.41 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $8.987 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

31.5 (2014) | 31.5 (2013 est.)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics, in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia has since switched to small-scale agriculture and away from the large agro industrial complexes of the Soviet era. Armenia has only two open trade borders - Iran and Georgia - because its borders with Azerbaijan and Turkey have been closed since 1991 and 1993, respectively, as a result of Armenia's ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region. Armenia joined the World Trade Organization in January 2003. The government has made some improvements in tax and customs administration in recent years, but anti-corruption measures have been largely ineffective. Armenia will need to pursue additional economic reforms and strengthen the rule of law in order to raise its economic growth and improve economic competitiveness and employment opportunities, especially given its economic isolation from Turkey and Azerbaijan. Armenia's geographic isolation, a narrow export base, and pervasive monopolies in important business sectors have made it particularly vulnerable to volatility in the global commodity markets and the economic challenges in Russia. Armenia is particularly dependent on Russian commercial and governmental support, as most key Armenian infrastructure is Russian-owned and/or managed, especially in the energy sector. Remittances from expatriates working in Russia are equivalent to about 12-14% of GDP. Armenia joined the Russia-led Eurasian Economic Union in January 2015, but has remained interested in pursuing closer ties with the EU as well, signing a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement with the EU in November 2017. Armenia’s rising government debt is leading Yerevan to tighten its fiscal policies – the amount is approaching the debt to GDP ratio threshold set by national legislation.

Exchange rates [time series]

drams (AMD) per US dollar - | 487.9 (2017 est.) | 480.49 (2016 est.) | 480.49 (2015 est.) | 477.92 (2014 est.) | 415.92 (2013 est.)

Exports [time series]

$2.361 billion (2017 est.) | $1.891 billion (2016 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

unwrought copper, pig iron, nonferrous metals, gold, diamonds, mineral products, foodstuffs, brandy, cigarettes, energy

Exports - partners [time series]

Russia 24.2%, Bulgaria 12.8%, Switzerland 12%, Georgia 6.9%, Germany 5.9%, China 5.5%, Iraq 5.4%, UAE 4.6%, Netherlands 4.1% (2017)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$11.54 billion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$28.34 billion (2017 est.) | $26.37 billion (2016 est.) | $26.3 billion (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 76.7% (2017 est.) | government consumption: 14.2% (2017 est.) | investment in fixed capital: 17.3% (2017 est.) | investment in inventories: 4.1% (2017 est.) | exports of goods and services: 38.1% (2017 est.) | imports of goods and services: -50.4% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 16.7% (2017 est.) | industry: 28.2% (2017 est.) | services: 54.8% (2017 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$9,500 (2017 est.) | $8,800 (2016 est.) | $8,800 (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

7.5% (2017 est.) | 0.3% (2016 est.) | 3.3% (2015 est.)

Gross national saving [time series]

17.8% of GDP (2017 est.) | 16.6% of GDP (2016 est.) | 18.4% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 25.7% (2014) | highest 10%: 25.7% (2014)

Imports [time series]

$3.771 billion (2017 est.) | $2.835 billion (2016 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs, diamonds, pharmaceuticals, cars

Imports - partners [time series]

Russia 28%, China 11.5%, Turkey 5.5%, Germany 4.9%, Iran 4.3% (2017)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

5.4% (2017 est.)

Industries [time series]

brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

0.9% (2017 est.) | -1.4% (2016 est.)

Labor force [time series]

1.507 million (2017 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 36.3% | industry: 17% | services: 46.7% (2013 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$132.1 million (31 December 2012 est.) | $139.6 million (31 December 2011 est.) | $144.8 million (31 December 2010 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

32% (2013 est.)

Public debt [time series]

53.5% of GDP (2017 est.) | 51.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$2.314 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $2.204 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$1.629 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $1.355 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$228 million (2015 est.) | $215 million (2014 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$4.169 billion (2015 est.) | $4.087 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$6.712 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $5.689 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$1.629 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $1.355 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

22.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

18.9% (2017 est.) | 18.8% (2016 est.)

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

5.501 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity - consumption [time series]

5.291 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - exports [time series]

1.424 billion kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

58% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

32% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

9% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

275 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

4.08 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

6.951 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity access [time series]

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

2.35 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

2.35 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

8,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

7,145 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 29,743 sq km | land: 28,203 sq km | water: 1,540 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Maryland

Climate [time series]

highland continental, hot summers, cold winters

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation [time series]

mean elevation: 1,792 m | elevation extremes: 400 m lowest point: Debed River | 4090 highest point: Aragats Lerrnagagat'

Environment - current issues [time series]

soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; deforestation; pollution of Hrazdan and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically active zone

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Geographic coordinates [time series]

40 00 N, 45 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range

Irrigated land [time series]

2,740 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,570 km | border countries (4): Azerbaijan 996 km, Georgia 219 km, Iran 44 km, Turkey 311 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 59.7% (2014 est.) | arable land: 15.8% (2014 est.) / permanent crops: 1.9% (2014 est.) / permanent pasture: 42% (2014 est.) | forest: 9.1% (2014 est.) | other: 31.2% (2014 est.)

Location [time series]

Southwestern Asia, between Turkey (to the west) and Azerbaijan; note - Armenia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both

Map references [time series]

Asia

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts

Natural resources [time series]

small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite

Population distribution [time series]

most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second largest city in the country

Terrain [time series]

Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

11 provinces (marzer, singular - marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan

Capital [time series]

name: Yerevan | geographic coordinates: 40 10 N, 44 30 E | time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: name likely derives from the ancient Urartian fortress of Erebuni established on the current site of Yerevan in 782 B.C. and whose impresive ruins still survive

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Armenia | dual citizenship recognized: yes | residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years

Constitution [time series]

history: previous 1915, 1978; latest adopted 5 July 1995 (2017) | amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires approval by the president, by the National Assembly, and by a referendum with at least 25% registered voter participation and more than 50% of votes; constitutional articles on the form of government and democratic procedures are not amendable; amended 2005, 2007, 2008, last in 2015 (2017) | note: a 2015 amendment, approved in December 2015 by a public referendum and effective for the 2017-18 electoral cycle, changes the government type from the current semi-presidential system to a parliamentary system

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Armenia | conventional short form: Armenia | local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun | local short form: Hayastan | former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic | etymology: the etymology of the country's name remains obscure; according to tradition, the country is named after Hayk, the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and the great-great-grandson of Noah; Hayk's descendant, Aram, purportedly is the source of the name Armenia

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Richard MILLS (since 13 February 2015) | embassy: 1 American Ave., Yerevan 0082 | mailing address: American Embassy Yerevan, US Department of State, 7020 Yerevan Place, Washington, DC 20521-7020 | telephone: [374](10) 464-700 | FAX: [374](10) 464-742

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Varuzhan NERSESSYAN (since November 2018) | chancery: 2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 319-1976 | FAX: [1] (202) 319-2982 | consulate(s) general: Glendale (CA)

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Armen SARKISSIAN (since 9 April 2018) | head of government: Prime Minister Nikol PASHINYAN (since 8 May 2018); First Deputy Prime Minister Ararat MIRZOYAN (since 11 May 2018) | cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister | elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by the National Assembly in 3 rounds if needed for a single 7-year term; election last held on 2 March 2018; prime minister elected by majority vote in 2 rounds if needed by the National Assembly; election last held on 8 May 2018 | election results: Armen SARKISSIAN elected president in first round; note - Armen SARKISSIAN ran unopposed and won the Assembly vote 90-10; Nikol PASHINYAN elected prime minister in second round; note - Nikol PASHINYAN ran unopposed and won the Assembly vote 59-42 | note: Nikol PASHINYAN resigned his post on 16 October 2018 but remains on as Acting Prime Minister until new elections are held on 9 December 2018

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange; the color red recalls the blood shed for liberty, blue the Armenian skies as well as hope, and orange the land and the courage of the workers who farm it

Government type [time series]

parliamentary democracy; note - constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 transformed the government to a parliamentary system

Independence [time series]

21 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation [time series]

ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CIS, CSTO, EAEC (observer), EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest courts: Court of Cassation (consists of the Criminal Chamber with a chairman and 5 judges and the Civil and Administrative Chamber with a chairman and 10 judges – with both civil and administrative specializations); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) | judge selection and term of office: Court of Cassation judges nominated by the Supreme Judicial Council, a 10-member body of selected judges and legal scholars; judges appointed by the president; judges can serve until age 65; Constitutional Court judges - 4 appointed by the president, and 5 elected by the National Assembly; judges can serve until age 70 | subordinate courts: criminal and civil appellate courts; administrative appellate court; first instance courts; specialized administrative and bankruptcy courts

Legal system [time series]

civil law system

Legislative branch [time series]

description: unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (minimum 101 seats, currently 132; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) | elections: last held on 9 December 2018 (next elections to be held December 2023) | election results: percent of vote by party - My Step Alliance 70.4%, BHK 8.3%, Bright Armenia 6.4%, other 14.9%; seats by party - My Step Alliance 88, BHK 26, Bright Armenia 18; composition - men 112, women 20, percent of women 15.2%

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Mer Hayrenik" (Our Fatherland) | lyrics/music: Mikael NALBANDIAN/Barsegh KANACHYAN | note: adopted 1991; based on the anthem of the Democratic Republic of Armenia (1918-1922) but with different lyrics

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 21 September (1991)

National symbol(s) [time series]

Mount Ararat, eagle, lion; national colors: red, blue, orange

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Armenian National Congress or ANC (bloc of independent and opposition parties) [Levon TER-PETROSSIAN] Armenian National Movement or ANM [Ararat ZURABIAN] Armenian Revolutionary Federation or ARF ("Dashnak" Party) [Hrant MARKARIAN] Bright Armenia [Edmon MARUKYAN] Christian Democratic Rebirth Party [Levon SHIRINYAN] Citizen's Decision [Suren SAHAKYAN] Civil Contract [Nikol PASHINYAN] Heritage Party [Raffi HOVHANNISIAN] Mission Party [Manuk SUKIASYAN] My Step Alliance (Civil Contract Party and Mission Party) [Nikol PASHINYAN] National Progress Party [Lusine HAROYAN] People's Party of Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHIAN] Prosperous Armenia or BHK [Gagik TSARUKYAN] Republic [Aram SARGSYAN] Republican Party of Armenia or RPA [Serzh SARGSIAN] Rule of Law Party (Orinats Yerkir) or OEK [Artur BAGHDASARIAN] Sasna Tser [Varuzhan AVETISYAN] We Alliance or FD-H [Aram SARGSIAN]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Despite periods of autonomy, over the centuries Armenia came under the sway of various empires including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, and Ottoman. During World War I in the western portion of Armenia, the Ottoman Empire instituted a policy of forced resettlement coupled with other harsh practices that resulted in at least 1 million Armenian deaths. The eastern area of Armenia was ceded by the Ottomans to Russia in 1828; this portion declared its independence in 1918, but was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenian leaders remain preoccupied by the long conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated region, assigned to Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a trilateral cease-fire between Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Nagorno-Karabakh took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also seven surrounding regions - approximately 14 percent of Azerbaijan’s territory. The economies of both sides have been hurt by their inability to make substantial progress toward a peaceful resolution. Turkey closed the common border with Armenia in 1993 in support of Azerbaijan in its conflict with Armenia over control of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding areas, further hampering Armenian economic growth. In 2009, Armenia and Turkey signed Protocols normalizing relations between the two countries, but neither country ratified the Protocols, and Armenia officially withdrew from the Protocols in March 2018. In January 2015, Armenia joined Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan as a member of the Eurasian Economic Union. In November 2017, Armenia signed a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with the EU.

Military and Security

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Armenian Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Air Force and Air Defense; "Nagorno-Karabakh Republic": Nagorno-Karabakh Self-Defense Force (NKSDF) (2011)

Military expenditures [time series]

4.09% of GDP (2016) | 4.25% of GDP (2015) | 3.94% of GDP (2014) | 4% of GDP (2013) | 3.58% of GDP (2012)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18-27 years of age for voluntary or compulsory military service; 2-year conscript service obligation; 17 year olds are eligible to become cadets at military higher education institutes, where they are classified as military personnel (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 18.86% (male 303,712 /female 269,279) | 15-24 years: 12.37% (male 195,722 /female 179,970) | 25-54 years: 43.31% (male 640,089 /female 675,643) | 55-64 years: 13.77% (male 192,515 /female 225,882) | 65 years and over: 11.7% (male 142,835 /female 212,570) (2018 est.) | population pyramid: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × Middle East :: Armenia Print Image Description This is the population pyramid for Armenia. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Birth rate [time series]

12.6 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

2.6% (2016)

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

57.1% (2015/16)

Death rate [time series]

9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 44.4 (2015 est.) | youth dependency ratio: 28.7 (2015 est.) | elderly dependency ratio: 15.8 (2015 est.) | potential support ratio: 6.3 (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

2.8% of GDP (2016)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Armenian 98.1%, Yezidi (Kurd) 1.2%, other 0.7% (2011 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.2% (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

<200 (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

3,400 (2017 est.)

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

4.5% of GDP (2014)

Hospital bed density [time series]

4.2 beds/1,000 population (2015)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 12.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | male: 13.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | female: 10.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages [time series]

Armenian (official) 97.9%, Kurdish (spoken by Yezidi minority) 1%, other 1% (2011 est.) | note: Russian is widely spoken

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 75.1 years (2018 est.) | male: 71.8 years (2018 est.) | female: 78.7 years (2018 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.) | total population: 99.7% (2015 est.) | male: 99.7% (2015 est.) | female: 99.6% (2015 est.)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

1.08 million YEREVAN (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

25 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age [time series]

total: 35.6 years | male: 33.9 years | female: 37.4 years (2018 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

24.4 years (2015/16 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Armenian(s) | adjective: Armenian

Net migration rate [time series]

-5.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

20.2% (2016)

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

2.8 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Population [time series]

3,038,217 (July 2018 est.)

Population distribution [time series]

most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second largest city in the country

Population growth rate [time series]

-0.25% (2018 est.)

Religions [time series]

Armenian Apostolic 92.6%, Evangelical 1%, other 2.4%, none 1.1%, unspecified 2.9% (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 96.2% of population (2015 est.) | rural: 78.2% of population (2015 est.) | total: 89.5% of population (2015 est.) | unimproved: urban: 3.8% of population (2015 est.) | rural: 21.8% of population (2015 est.) | total: 10.5% of population (2015 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 13 years (2015) | male: 13 years (2015) | female: 13 years (2015)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 0-14 years: 1.14 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 25-54 years: 0.93 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 55-64 years: 0.84 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.64 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 36.3% (2016 est.) | male: 29.5% (2016 est.) | female: 45.7% (2016 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 63.1% of total population (2018) | rate of urbanization: 0.22% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

the dispute over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan remains the primary focus of regional instabilityresidents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and AzerbaijanTurkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valleyin 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has falteredlocal border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian bordersethnic Armenian groups in the Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater autonomy from the Georgian Government

Illicit drugs [time series]

illicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domestic consumption; minor transit point for illicit drugs - mostly opium and hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 14,680 (Syria - ethnic Armenians) (2017) | stateless persons: 773 (2017)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

11 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 10 (2017) | over 3,047 m: 2 (2017) | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2017) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2017) | 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 1 (2013) | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]

EK (2016)

National air transport system [time series]

number of registered air carriers: 3 (2015) | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 5 (2015)

Pipelines [time series]

3838 km gas (high and medium pressure) (2017)

Railways [time series]

total: 780 km (2014) | broad gauge: 780 km 1.520-m gauge (780 km electrified) (2014) | note: 726 km operational

Roadways [time series]

total: 7,792 km (2013)