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Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 29,800 sq km land area: 28,400 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland

Climate [time series]

highland continental, hot summers, cold winters

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

current issues: soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; energy blockade, the result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation as citizens scavenge for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich, a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant without adequate (IAEA-recommended) safety and backup systems natural hazards: occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification

Geographic coordinates [time series]

40 00 N, 45 00 E

Geography - note (Geographic note) [time series]

landlocked

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

supports ethnic Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh in their separatist conflict against the Azerbaijani Government; traditional demands on former Armenian lands in Turkey have subsided

Irrigated land [time series]

3,050 sq km (1990)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,254 km border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 17% permanent crops: 3% meadows and pastures: 20% forest and woodland: 0% other: 60%

Location [time series]

Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey

Map references [time series]

Commonwealth of Independent States

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural resources [time series]

small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina

Terrain [time series]

high Armenian Plateau with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley lowest point: Debed River 400 m highest point: Aragats Lerr 4,095 m

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 28% (male 497,461; female 476,649) 15-64 years: 64% (male 1,085,935; female 1,132,282) 65 years and over: 8% (male 111,661; female 159,586) (July 1996 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

16.27 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Death rate [time series]

7.73 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989) note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from

Infant mortality rate [time series]

38.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 69.06 years male: 64.44 years female: 73.92 years (1996 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Armenian(s) adjective: Armenian

Net migration rate [time series]

-8.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Population [time series]

3,463,574 (July 1996 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

0.02% (1996 est.)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female all ages: 0.96 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

2.06 children born/woman (1996 est.)