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Armenia

2016 Edition — sovereign

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Communications
Broadcast media [time series]
2 public TV networks operating alongside about 40 privately owned TV stations that provide local to near nationwide coverage; major Russian broadcast stations are widely available; subscription cable TV services are available in most regions; Public Radio of Armenia is a national, state-run broadcast network that operates alongside 21 privately owned radio stations; several major international broadcasters are available (2015)
Internet country code [time series]
.am
Internet users [time series]
total: 1.78 million | percent of population: 58.2% (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117
Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]
general assessment: telecommunications investments have made major inroads in modernizing and upgrading the outdated telecommunications network inherited from the Soviet era; now 100% privately owned and undergoing modernization and expansion; mobile-cellular services monopoly terminated in late 2004, and a second and third provider began operations in 2005 and 2009 respectively | domestic: reliable modern fixed-line and mobile-cellular services are available across Yerevan and in major cities and towns; mobile-cellular coverage available in most rural areas | international: country code - 374; Yerevan is connected to the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic cable through Iran; additional international service is available by microwave radio relay and landline connections to the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, through the Moscow international switch, and by satellite to the rest of the world; satellite earth stations - 3 (2015)
Telephones - fixed lines [time series]
total subscriptions: 551,366 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 94
Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]
total: 3.442 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 113 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 130
Economy
Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]
fruit (especially grapes), vegetables; livestock
Budget [time series]
revenues: $2.471 billion | expenditures: $2.957 billion (2015 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]
-4.6% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 153
Central bank discount rate [time series]
10.5% (10 February 2015) | 8% (11 January 2012) | note: this is the Refinancing Rate, the key monetary policy instrument of the Armenian National Bank | country comparison to the world: 22
Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]
17.59% (31 December 2015 est.) | 16.41% (31 December 2014 est.) | note: average lending rate on loans up to one year | country comparison to the world: 23
Current account balance [time series]
-$335 million (2015 est.) | -$849 million (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 88
Debt - external [time series]
$8.554 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $8.551 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 113
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]
30.3 (2012) | 31.3 (2011) | country comparison to the world: 119
Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]
Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics, in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia has since switched to small-scale agriculture and away from the large agroindustrial complexes of the Soviet era. Armenia has only two open trade borders - Iran and Georgia - because its borders with Azerbaijan and Turkey have been closed since 1991 and 1993, respectively, as a result of Armenia's ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region. | Armenia joined the WTO in January 2003. The government has made some improvements in tax and customs administration in recent years, but anti-corruption measures have been ineffective. Armenia will need to pursue additional economic reforms and strengthen the rule of law in order to regain economic growth and improve economic competitiveness and employment opportunities, especially given its economic isolation from two of its nearest neighbors, Turkey and Azerbaijan. | Armenia's geographic isolation, a narrow export base, and pervasive monopolies in important business sectors have made it particularly vulnerable to the sharp deterioration in the global economy and the economic downturn in Russia. Armenia is particularly dependent on Russian commercial and governmental support and most key Armenian infrastructure is Russian-owned and/or managed, especially in the energy sector, including electricity and natural gas. Remittances from expatriates working in Russia are equivalent to about 20% of GDP and partly offset the country's severe trade imbalance. Armenia joined Russia in the Eurasian Economic Union upon the bloc's launch in January 2015, even though the ruble's sharp depreciation in December 2014 led to currency instability, inflation, and a significant decrease in exports from Armenia to Russia.
Exchange rates [time series]
drams (AMD) per US dollar - | 477.92 (2015 est.) | 415.92 (2014 est.) | 415.92 (2013 est.) | 401.76 (2012 est.) | 372.5 (2011 est.)
Exports [time series]
$1.626 billion (2015 est.) | $1.698 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 141
Exports - commodities [time series]
pig iron, unwrought copper, nonferrous metals, gold, diamonds, mineral products, foodstuffs, energy
Exports - partners [time series]
Russia 15.2%, China 11.1%, Germany 9.8%, Iraq 8.8%, Georgia 7.8%, Canada 7.6%, Bulgaria 5.3%, Iran 5.3% (2015)
Fiscal year [time series]
calendar year
GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]
$10.57 billion (2015 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]
$25.32 billion (2015 est.) | $24.58 billion (2014 est.) | $23.75 billion (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 137
GDP - composition, by end use [time series]
household consumption: 77.7% | government consumption: 13.1% | investment in fixed capital: 20.8% | investment in inventories: 0.6% | exports of goods and services: 29.8% | imports of goods and services: -42% (2015 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]
agriculture: 19.4% | industry: 28.7% | services: 51.9% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]
$8,500 (2015 est.) | $8,200 (2014 est.) | $8,000 (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 145
Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]
3% (2015 est.) | 3.5% (2014 est.) | 3.3% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 101
Gross national saving [time series]
18.1% of GDP (2015 est.) | 13.6% of GDP (2014 est.) | 14.7% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 98
Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]
lowest 10%: 3.7% | highest 10%: 24.8% (2012)
Imports [time series]
$2.78 billion (2015 est.) | $3.754 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 146
Imports - commodities [time series]
natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs, diamonds, pharmaceuticals, cars
Imports - partners [time series]
Russia 29.1%, China 9.7%, Germany 6.2%, Iran 6.1%, Italy 4.6%, Turkey 4.2% (2015)
Industrial production growth rate [time series]
2.5% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 85
Industries [time series]
diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing, brandy, mining
Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]
3.7% (2015 est.) | 3% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 150
Labor force [time series]
1.56 million (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 131
Labor force - by occupation [time series]
agriculture: 39% | industry: 17% | services: 44% (2011 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]
$132.1 million (31 December 2012 est.) | $139.6 million (31 December 2011 est.) | $144.8 million (31 December 2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 120
Population below poverty line [time series]
32% (2013 est.)
Public debt [time series]
48.8% of GDP (2015 est.) | 43.7% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 85
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]
$1.775 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $1.489 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 120
Stock of broad money [time series]
$2.038 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $1.723 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 153
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]
$4.817 billion (2013) | country comparison to the world: 99
Stock of domestic credit [time series]
$5.022 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $5.205 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 123
Stock of narrow money [time series]
$1.149 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $1.118 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 148
Taxes and other revenues [time series]
23.4% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 136
Unemployment rate [time series]
18.5% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 166
Energy
Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]
12 million Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 98
Crude oil - exports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 95
Crude oil - imports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 155
Crude oil - production [time series]
0 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105
Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]
0 bbl (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 104
Electricity - consumption [time series]
5.1 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 115
Electricity - exports [time series]
1.3 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 47
Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]
32.2% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 177
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]
33.5% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 66
Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]
34.3% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 3
Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 152
Electricity - imports [time series]
26 million kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 93
Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]
4.1 million kW (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 82
Electricity - production [time series]
7.3 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105
Electricity access [time series]
electrification - total population: 100% (2016)
Natural gas - consumption [time series]
2.5 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 80
Natural gas - exports [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 56
Natural gas - imports [time series]
2.061 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 48
Natural gas - production [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 154
Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]
0 cu m (1 January 2014 es) | country comparison to the world: 109
Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]
8,000 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 157
Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 152
Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]
7,809 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 141
Refined petroleum products - production [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 153
Geography
Area [time series]
total: 29,743 sq km | land: 28,203 sq km | water: 1,540 sq km | country comparison to the world: 143
Area - comparative [time series]
slightly smaller than Maryland
Climate [time series]
highland continental, hot summers, cold winters
Coastline [time series]
0 km (landlocked)
Elevation [time series]
mean elevation: 1,792 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: Debed River 400 m | highest point: Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m
Environment - current issues [time series]
soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; the energy crisis of the 1990s led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically active zone
International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Geographic coordinates [time series]
40 00 N, 45 00 E
Geography - note [time series]
landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range
Irrigated land [time series]
2,740 sq km (2012)
Land boundaries [time series]
total: 1,570 km | border countries (4): Azerbaijan 996 km, Georgia 219 km, Iran 44 km, Turkey 311 km
Land use [time series]
agricultural land: 59.7% | arable land 15.8%; permanent crops 1.9%; permanent pasture 42% | forest: 9.1% | other: 31.2% (2011 est.)
Location [time series]
Southwestern Asia, between Turkey (to the west) and Azerbaijan; note - Armenia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both
Map references [time series]
Asia
Maritime claims [time series]
none (landlocked)
Natural hazards [time series]
occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts
Natural resources [time series]
small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite
Population distribution (Population - distribution) [time series]
most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than three times as many people as the second largest city in the country
Terrain [time series]
Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley
Government
Administrative divisions [time series]
11 provinces (marzer, singular - marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan
Capital [time series]
name: Yerevan | geographic coordinates: 40 10 N, 44 30 E | time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Citizenship [time series]
citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Armenia | dual citizenship recognized: yes | residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years
Constitution [time series]
previous 1915, 1978; latest adopted 5 July 1995; amended 2005, 2015; note - the 2015 amendment, approved in December 2015 by a public referendum and effective for the 2017-18 electoral cycle, changes the government type from the current semi-presidential system to a parliamentary system (2016) | note: the 2015 amendment, approved in December 2015 by a public referendum and effective for the 2017-18 electoral cycle, changes the government type from the current semi-presidential system to a parliamentary system (2016)
Country name [time series]
conventional long form: Republic of Armenia | conventional short form: Armenia | local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun | local short form: Hayastan | former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic | etymology: the etymology of the country's name remains obscure; according to tradition, the country is named after Hayk, the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and the great-great-grandson of Noah; Hayk's descendant, Aram, purportedly is the source of the name Armenia
Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador Richard MILLS (since 13 February 2015) | embassy: 1 American Ave., Yerevan 0082 | mailing address: American Embassy Yerevan, US Department of State, 7020 Yerevan Place, Washington, DC 20521-7020 | telephone: [374](10) 464-700 | FAX: [374](10) 464-742
Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador Grigor HOVHANNISSIAN (since 28 January 2016) | chancery: 2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 319-1976 | FAX: [1] (202) 319-2982 | consulate(s) general: Glendale (CA)
Executive branch [time series]
chief of state: President Serzh SARGSIAN (since 9 April 2008) | head of government: Prime Minister Karen KARAPETYAN (since 13 September 2016) | cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in two rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 18 February 2013 (next to be held in February 2018); prime minister appointed by the president based on majority support in the National Congress; the prime minister and Council of Ministers must resign if the National Congress refuses to accept their program | election results: Serzh SARGSIAN reelected president in one round; percent of vote - Serzh SARGSIAN (RPA) 58.6%, Raffi HOVHANNISIAN (Heritage Party) 36.7%, Hrant BAGRATIAN (ANM) 2.2%, other 2.5% | note: constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 will transform the government to a parliamentary system by 2018; for the scheduled February 2018 election, the president will be indirectly elected by parliament and will serve a single 7-year term; following the 2018 election, the prime minister will be elected based on majority support of the National Assembly
Flag (Flag description) [time series]
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange; the color red recalls the blood shed for liberty, blue the Armenian skies as well as hope, and orange the land and the courage of the workers who farm it
Government type [time series]
semi-presidential republic | note: a constituional referendum approved in December 2015 will change the government type to a parliamentary system, replacing the semi-presidential system and becoming effective for the 2017-18 electoral cycle
Independence [time series]
21 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
International law organization participation [time series]
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
International organization participation [time series]
ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CIS, CSTO, EAEC (observer), EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Judicial branch [time series]
highest court(s): Court of Cassation (consists of the court chairman and organized into the criminal chamber and a civil and administrative chamber, each with a chamber chairman and 2 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) | judge selection and term of office: Court of Cassation judges nominated by the Judicial Council, a 9-member body of selected judges and legal scholars; judges appointed by the president; Constitutional Court judges - 4 appointed by the president, and 5 elected by National Assembly; judges of both courts can serve until retirement at age 65 | subordinate courts: 2 Courts of Appeal (for civil cases and for criminal and military cases); district courts; Administrative Court
Legal system [time series]
civil law system
Legislative branch [time series]
description: unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (131 seats; 90 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 41 directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms) | elections: last held on 6 May 2012 (next to be held in the spring of 2017) | election results: percent of vote by party - RPA 44%, Prosperous Armenia 30.1%, ANC 7.1%, Heritage Party 5.8%, ARF (Dashnak) 5.7%, Rule of Law 5.5%, other 1.8%; seats by party - RPA 69, Prosperous Armenia 37, ANC 7, Rule of Law 6, Heritage Party 5, ARF (Dashnak) 5, independent 2
National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]
name: "Mer Hayrenik" (Our Fatherland) | lyrics/music: Mikael NALBANDIAN/Barsegh KANACHYAN | note: adopted 1991; based on the anthem of the Democratic Republic of Armenia (1918-1922) but with different lyrics
National holiday [time series]
Independence Day, 21 September (1991)
National symbol(s) [time series]
Mount Ararat, eagle, lion; national colors: red, blue, orange
Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]
Armenian National Congress or ANC (bloc of independent and opposition parties) [Levon TER-PETROSSIAN] | Armenian National Movement or ANM [Ararat ZURABIAN] | Armenian Revolutionary Federation or ARF ("Dashnak" Party) [Hrant MARKARIAN] | Heritage Party [Raffi HOVHANNISIAN] | People's Party of Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHIAN] | Prosperous Armenia [Naira ZOHRABYAN] | Republican Party of Armenia or RPA [Serzh SARGSIAN] | Rule of Law Party (Orinats Yerkir) [Artur BAGHDASARIAN]
Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]
Aylentrank (Impeachment Alliance) [Nikol PASHINIAN] | Yerkrapah Union [Manvel GRIGORIAN]
Suffrage [time series]
18 years of age; universal
Introduction
Background [time series]
Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Despite periods of autonomy, over the centuries Armenia came under the sway of various empires including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, and Ottoman. During World War I in the western portion of Armenia, the Ottoman Empire instituted a policy of forced resettlement coupled with other harsh practices that resulted in at least 1 million Armenian deaths. The eastern area of Armenia was ceded by the Ottomans to Russia in 1828; this portion declared its independence in 1918, but was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. | Armenian leaders remain preoccupied by the long conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated region, assigned to Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also seven surrounding regions, approximately 14 percent of Azerbaijan’s territory. The economies of both sides have been hurt by their inability to make substantial progress toward a peaceful resolution. | Turkey closed the common border with Armenia in 1993 in support of Azerbaijan in its conflict with Armenia over control of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding areas, further hampering Armenian economic growth. In 2009, senior Armenian leaders began pursuing rapprochement with Turkey, aiming to secure an opening of the border, but Turkey has not yet ratified the Protocols normalizing relations between the two countries. In January 2015, Armenia joined Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan as a member of the Eurasian Economic Union.
Military and Security
Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]
Armenian Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Air Force and Air Defense; "Nagorno-Karabakh Republic": Nagorno-Karabakh Self-Defense Force (NKSDF) (2011)
Military expenditures [time series]
4.29% of GDP (2014) | 4.1% of GDP (2013) | 3.92% of GDP (2012) | 3.87% of GDP (2011) | 3.92% of GDP (2010) | country comparison to the world: 10
Military service age and obligation [time series]
18-27 years of age for voluntary or compulsory military service; 2-year conscript service obligation; 17 year olds are eligible to become cadets at military higher education institutes, where they are classified as military personnel (2012)
People and Society
Age structure [time series]
0-14 years: 19% (male 308,701/female 271,028) | 15-24 years: 13.58% (male 213,203/female 201,291) | 25-54 years: 43.46% (male 640,070/female 685,958) | 55-64 years: 12.96% (male 180,700/female 214,834) | 65 years and over: 10.99% (male 134,330/female 201,135) (2016 est.)
Birth rate [time series]
13.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 150
Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]
total number: 19,596 | percentage: 4% | note: data represent children ages 7-17 (2007 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]
5.3% (2010) | country comparison to the world: 89
Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]
54.9% (2010)
Death rate [time series]
9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 57
Dependency ratios [time series]
total dependency ratio: 41.3% | youth dependency ratio: 26% | elderly dependency ratio: 15.3% | potential support ratio: 6.5% (2015 est.)
Drinking water source [time series]
urban: 100% of population | rural: 100% of population | total: 100% of population | urban: 0% of population | rural: 0% of population | total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]
2.2% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 132
Ethnic groups [time series]
Armenian 98.1%, Yezidi (Kurd) 1.1%, other 0.7% (2011 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]
0.2% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 96
HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]
100 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 102
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]
3,600 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 109
Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]
4.5% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 152
Hospital bed density [time series]
3.9 beds/1,000 population (2012)
Infant mortality rate [time series]
total: 13.1 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 14.5 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 11.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 112
Languages [time series]
Armenian (official) 97.9%, Kurdish (spoken by Yezidi minority) 1%, other 1% (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth [time series]
total population: 74.6 years | male: 71.4 years | female: 78.3 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 120
Literacy [time series]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 99.7% | male: 99.7% | female: 99.6% (2015 est.)
Major urban areas - population [time series]
YEREVAN (capital) 1,044 (2015)
Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]
25 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 123
Median age [time series]
total: 34.6 years | male: 32.8 years | female: 36.5 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 79
Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]
24.1 (2013 est.)
Nationality [time series]
noun: Armenian(s) | adjective: Armenian
Net migration rate [time series]
-5.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 198
Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]
19.9% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 68
Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]
2.7 physicians/1,000 population (2013)
Population [time series]
3,051,250 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 136
Population distribution [time series]
most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than three times as many people as the second largest city in the country
Population growth rate [time series]
-0.18% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 213
Religions [time series]
Armenian Apostolic 92.6%, Evangelical 1%, other 2.4%, none 1.1%, unspecified 2.9% (2011 est.)
Sanitation facility access [time series]
urban: 96.2% of population | rural: 78.2% of population | total: 89.5% of population | urban: 3.8% of population | rural: 21.8% of population | total: 10.5% of population (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]
total: 12 years | male: 11 years | female: 14 years (2009)
Sex ratio [time series]
at birth: 1.13 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.14 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 0.93 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.84 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female | total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
Total fertility rate [time series]
1.64 children born/woman (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 177
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]
total: 36.1% | male: 31.8% | female: 41.5% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 13
Urbanization [time series]
urban population: 62.7% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: -0.11% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international [time series]
the dispute over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan remains the primary focus of regional instability; residents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and Azerbaijan; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian borders; ethnic Armenian groups in the Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater autonomy from the Georgian Government
Illicit drugs [time series]
illicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domestic consumption; minor transit point for illicit drugs - mostly opium and hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe
Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]
refugees (country of origin): 16,611 (Syria - ethnic Armenians) (2015) | IDPs: 8,400 (conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh) (2015) | stateless persons: 311 (2015)
Transportation
Airports [time series]
11 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 154
Airports - with paved runways [time series]
total: 10 | over 3,047 m: 2 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 | 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]
total: 1 | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]
EK (2016)
National air transport system [time series]
number of registered air carriers: 3 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 5 (2015)
Pipelines [time series]
gas 2,233 km (2013)
Railways [time series]
total: 780 km | broad gauge: 780 km 1.520-m gauge (780 km electrified) | note: 726 km operational (2014) | country comparison to the world: 97
Roadways [time series]
total: 7,792 km (2013) | country comparison to the world: 143