Armenia

parliamentary democracy; note - constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 transformed the government to a parliamentary system

name: Yerevan geographic coordinates: 40 10 N, 44 30 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: name origin is unclear; it may derive from the name of a local ethnic group, or from the ancient fortress of Erebuni that was built on the current site of Yerevan in 782 B.C.

chief of state: President Vahagn KHACHATURYAN (since 13 March 2022) head of government: Prime Minister Nikol PASHINYAN (since 10 September 2021) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by the National Assembly in 3 rounds, if needed, for a single 7-year term; prime minister indirectly elected by majority vote in two rounds, if needed, by the National Assembly most recent election date: 3 March 2022 election results: 2022: Vahagn KHACHATURYAN elected president in second round; note - Vahagn KHACHATURYAN (independent) ran unopposed and won the Assembly vote 71-0 2018: Armen SARKISSIAN elected president in first round; note - Armen SARKISSIAN (indpendent) ran unopposed and won the Assembly vote 90-10 expected date of next election: 2029

legislature name: National Assembly (Azgayin Zhoghov) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 107 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 6/20/2021 parties elected and seats per party: Civil Contract Party (71); Armenia Alliance (29); I Have the Honour Alliance (7) percentage of women in chamber: 38.3% expected date of next election: June 2026 note 1: additional seats allocated as necessary; the numbers usually change with each parliamentary convocation note 2: four mandates are reserved for national minorities; no more than 70% of the top membership of a party list can belong to the same sex; political parties must meet a 5% threshold and alliances a 7% threshold to win seats; at least three parties must be seated in the Parliament

highest court(s): Court of Cassation or Appeals Court (consists of the Criminal Chamber with a chairman and 5 judges and the Civil and Administrative Chamber with a chairman and 10 judges with both civil and administrative specializations); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) judge selection and term of office: Court of Cassation judges nominated by the Supreme Judicial Council, a 10-member body of selected judges and legal scholars; judges appointed by the president; judges can serve until age 65; Constitutional Court judges - 4 appointed by the president, and 5 elected by the National Assembly; judges can serve until age 70 subordinate courts: criminal and civil appellate courts; administrative appellate court; first instance courts; specialized administrative and bankruptcy courts

history: previous 1915, 1978; latest adopted 5 July 1995 amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires approval by the president, the National Assembly, and a referendum with at least 25% registered-voter participation and more than 50% of votes; constitutional articles on the form of government and democratic procedures are not amendable

ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CIS, CSTO, EAEC (observer), EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

5.5% of GDP (2024 est.) 5.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 4.3% of GDP (2022 est.) 4.4% of GDP (2021 est.) 5% of GDP (2020 est.)

Armenian Republic Armed Forces: Armenian Army (includes land, air, air defense forces) (2025) note: the Police of the Republic of Armenia is responsible for internal security, while the National Security Service is responsible for national security, intelligence activities, and border control

18-27 for voluntary (men and women), contract (men and women) or compulsory (men) military service; contract military service is 3-12 months or up to 5 years; conscripts serve 24 months; all citizens aged 27-50 are registered in the military reserve and may be called to serve if mobilization is declared (2025) note: in 2023, Armenia approved six-month voluntary service for women, after which they have the option to switch to a five-year contract; previously, women served on a contract basis; as of 2021, women made up about 10% of the active-duty military

the Armenian Armed Forces were officially established in 1992, although their origins go back to 1918; the modern military s missions include deterrence, territorial defense, crisis management, humanitarian assistance, and disaster response, as well as socio-economic development projects; territorial defense is its primary focus, particularly in regards to tensions with neighboring Azerbaijan; Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in open conflicts over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in 1991-94 and 2020; Azerbaijan seized the entire enclave in 2023 Armenia has traditionally had close military ties with Russia; it has been a member of the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and committed troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force until suspending its engagement in 2024; Armenia has relations with NATO going back to 1992 when Armenia joined the North Atlantic Cooperation Council; in 1994, it joined NATO s Partnership for Peace program and has contributed to the NATO force in Kosovo, as well as the former NATO deployment in Afghanistan (2025)

$60.909 billion (2024 est.) $57.516 billion (2023 est.) $53.108 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

$20,100 (2024 est.) $19,400 (2023 est.) $17,900 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

5.9% (2024 est.) 8.3% (2023 est.) 12.6% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

0.3% (2024 est.) 2% (2023 est.) 8.6% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

48.3% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

$18.618 billion (2024 est.) $14.338 billion (2023 est.) $10.118 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

$19.087 billion (2024 est.) $14.532 billion (2023 est.) $10.265 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

13.4% (2024 est.) 13.3% (2023 est.) 13.4% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

revenues: $5.812 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $6.27 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing

milk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, wheat, tomatoes, watermelons, apricots, apples, barley (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

total: 2,963,837 (2025 est.) male: 1,451,842 female: 1,511,995

-0.45% (2025 est.)

0-14 years: 17.7% (male 275,589/female 250,630) 15-64 years: 67% (male 991,490/female 1,004,101) 65 years and over: 15.3% (2024 est.) (male 189,336/female 265,619)

10.24 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

-5.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total population: 76.7 years (2024 est.) male: 73.4 years female: 80.1 years

urban population: 63.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Armenian 98.1%, Yezidi 1.1%; less than 1%: Russian, other, Assyrian, Kurd, Ukrainian, Greek (2022 est.)

Armenian 97.2%, Russian 1.4%, Ezidian 1.0%; less than 1%: other, unknown (2022) major-language sample(s): Աշխարհի Փաստագիրք, Անփոխարինելի Աղբյւր Հիմնական Տեղեկատվւթյան. (Armenian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Armenian Apostolic 95.2%, not stated 1.7%; less than 1%: Catholic, no religion, Evangelical, Shar-fadinian, other, Armenian Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Pagan, Molokan (2022 est.)

total population: 99.8% (2023 est.) male: 99.8% (2023 est.) female: 99.9% (2023 est.)

small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite

refugees: 145,354 (2024 est.) IDPs: 4 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 373 (2024 est.)

11 (2025)

total: 686 km (2017)

total subscriptions: 4.01 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 135 (2024 est.)

percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)