ARCHIVE // KH // 2016

Cambodia

2016 Edition — sovereign

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
View Intelligence Dossier Back to 2016 CSV Excel Print All Years
Communications
Broadcast media [time series]
mixture of state-owned, joint public-private, and privately owned broadcast media; 9 TV broadcast stations with most operating on multiple channels, including 1 state-operated station broadcasting from multiple locations, 6 stations either jointly operated or privately owned with some broadcasting from several locations, and 2 TV relay stations - one relaying a French TV station and the other relaying a Vietnamese TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite systems are available; roughly 50 radio broadcast stations - 1 state-owned broadcaster with multiple stations and a large mixture of public and private broadcasters; several international broadcasters are available (2009)
Internet country code [time series]
.kh
Internet users [time series]
total: 2.985 million | percent of population: 19% (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 124
Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]
general assessment: adequate fixed-line and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile-cellular phone systems are widely used in urban areas to bypass deficiencies in the fixed-line network; mobile-phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas | domestic: fixed-line connections stand at about 2 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage, aided by competition among service providers, has increased to over 130 per 100 persons | international: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) (2015)
Telephones - fixed lines [time series]
total subscriptions: 256,387 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 99
Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]
total: 20.851 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 133 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 48
Economy
Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]
rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, cassava (manioc, tapioca), silk
Budget [time series]
revenues: $2.983 billion | expenditures: $3.208 billion (2015 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]
-1.2% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 64
Central bank discount rate [time series]
NA% (31 December 2012) | 5.25% (31 December 2007)
Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]
11.71% (31 December 2015 est.) | 12.31% (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 68
Current account balance [time series]
-$2.042 billion (2015 est.) | -$2.032 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 144
Debt - external [time series]
$7.483 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $6.811 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]
37.9 (2008 est.) | 41.9 (2004 est.) | country comparison to the world: 73
Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]
Cambodia has experienced strong economic growth over the last decade; GDP grew at an average annual rate of over 8% between 2000 and 2010 and at least 7% since 2011. The tourism, garment, construction and real estate, and agriculture sectors accounted for the bulk of growth. Around 600,000 people, the majority of whom are women, are employed in the garment and footwear sector. An additional 500,000 Cambodians are employed in the tourism sector, and a further 50,000 people in construction. Tourism has continued to grow rapidly with foreign arrivals exceeding 2 million per year since 2007 and reaching around 4.5 million visitors in 2014. Mining also is attracting some investor interest and the government has touted opportunities for mining bauxite, gold, iron and gems. | Cambodia remains one of the poorest countries in Asia and long-term economic development remains a daunting challenge, inhibited by endemic corruption, limited human resources, high income inequality, and poor job prospects. As of 2012, approximately 2.66 million people live on less than $1.20 per day, and 37% of Cambodian children under the age of 5 suffer from chronic malnutrition. More than 50% of the population is less than 25 years old. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the impoverished countryside, which also lacks basic infrastructure. | The Cambodian Government has been working with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs; more than 30% of the government budget comes from donor assistance. A major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance.
Exchange rates [time series]
riels (KHR) per US dollar - | 4,067.75 (2015 est.) | 4,037.5 (2014 est.) | 4,037.5 (2013 est.) | 4,033 (2012 est.) | 4,058.5 (2011 est.)
Exports [time series]
$8.453 billion (2015 est.) | $7.445 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 95
Exports - commodities [time series]
clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear
Exports - partners [time series]
US 23.1%, UK 8.8%, Germany 8.2%, Japan 7.4%, Canada 6.7%, China 5.1%, Vietnam 5%, Thailand 4.9%, Netherlands 4.1% (2015)
Fiscal year [time series]
calendar year
GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]
$18.16 billion (2015 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]
$54.21 billion (2015 est.) | $50.7 billion (2014 est.) | $47.35 billion (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 108
GDP - composition, by end use [time series]
household consumption: 78.6% | government consumption: 5.3% | investment in fixed capital: 21.2% | investment in inventories: 1.4% | exports of goods and services: 67.6% | imports of goods and services: -74.1% (2015 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]
agriculture: 28.2% | industry: 29.4% | services: 42.3% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]
$3,500 (2015 est.) | $3,300 (2014 est.) | $3,100 (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 181
Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]
6.9% (2015 est.) | 7.1% (2014 est.) | 7.4% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 12
Gross national saving [time series]
12.8% of GDP (2015 est.) | 12.1% of GDP (2014 est.) | 9.3% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 145
Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]
lowest 10%: 2% | highest 10%: 28% (2013 est.)
Imports [time series]
$11.92 billion (2015 est.) | $10.67 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91
Imports - commodities [time series]
petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products
Imports - partners [time series]
Thailand 28.7%, China 22.2%, Vietnam 16.4%, Hong Kong 6.1%, Singapore 5.7% (2015)
Industrial production growth rate [time series]
11.7% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 5
Industries [time series]
tourism, garments, construction, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles
Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]
1.2% (2015 est.) | 3.9% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 94
Labor force [time series]
7.974 million (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 61
Labor force - by occupation [time series]
agriculture: 48.7% | industry: 19.9% | services: 31.5% (2013 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]
$NA
Population below poverty line [time series]
17.7% (2012 est.)
Public debt [time series]
33.9% of GDP (2014 est.) | 33.4% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 132
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]
$7.376 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $6.106 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 84
Stock of broad money [time series]
$11.82 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $10.47 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 104
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]
$29.17 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 69
Stock of domestic credit [time series]
$9.776 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $7.842 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105
Stock of narrow money [time series]
$1.602 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $1.482 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 137
Taxes and other revenues [time series]
16.4% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 186
Unemployment rate [time series]
0.3% (2013 est.) | 0.2% (2012 est.) | note: according to official statistics; underemployment is high | country comparison to the world: 1
Energy
Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]
6.5 million Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 118
Crude oil - exports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 107
Crude oil - imports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169
Crude oil - production [time series]
0 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 116
Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]
0 bbl (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 114
Electricity - consumption [time series]
4.1 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 129
Electricity - exports [time series]
0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 115
Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]
32.7% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 176
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]
57.4% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 37
Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 62
Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]
10% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 37
Electricity - imports [time series]
1.8 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 56
Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]
1.4 million kW (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 124
Electricity - production [time series]
3 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 143
Electricity access [time series]
population without electricity: 9,900,000 | electrification - total population: 34% | electrification - urban areas: 97% | electrification - rural areas: 18% (2013)
Natural gas - consumption [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 125
Natural gas - exports [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 73
Natural gas - imports [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 172
Natural gas - production [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 166
Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]
0 cu m (1 January 2014 es) | country comparison to the world: 120
Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]
36,000 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117
Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 164
Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]
36,240 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 98
Refined petroleum products - production [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 164
Geography
Area [time series]
total: 181,035 sq km | land: 176,515 sq km | water: 4,520 sq km | country comparison to the world: 90
Area - comparative [time series]
slightly smaller than Oklahoma
Climate [time series]
tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline [time series]
443 km
Elevation [time series]
mean elevation: 126 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m | highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
Environment - current issues [time series]
illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing
International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Geographic coordinates [time series]
13 00 N, 105 00 E
Geography - note [time series]
a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap (Southeast Asia's largest freshwater lake)
Irrigated land [time series]
3,540 sq km (2012)
Land boundaries [time series]
total: 2,530 km | border countries (3): Laos 555 km, Thailand 817 km, Vietnam 1,158 km
Land use [time series]
agricultural land: 32.1% | arable land 22.7%; permanent crops 0.9%; permanent pasture 8.5% | forest: 56.5% | other: 11.4% (2011 est.)
Location [time series]
Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Map references [time series]
Southeast Asia
Maritime claims [time series]
territorial sea: 12 nm | contiguous zone: 24 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm | continental shelf: 200 nm
Natural hazards [time series]
monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
Natural resources [time series]
oil and gas, timber, gemstones, iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential, arable land
Terrain [time series]
mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Government
Administrative divisions [time series]
24 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 1 municipality (krong, singular and plural) | provinces: Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kampot, Kandal, Kep, Koh Kong, Kratie, Mondolkiri, Oddar Meanchey, Pailin, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Pursat, Ratanakiri, Siem Reap, Sihanoukville, Stung Treng, Svay Rieng, Takeo, Tbong Khmum | municipalities: Phnom Penh (Phnum Penh)
Capital [time series]
name: Phnom Penh | geographic coordinates: 11 33 N, 104 55 E | time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Citizenship [time series]
citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Cambodia | dual citizenship recognized: yes | residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years
Constitution [time series]
previous 1947; latest promulgated 21 September 1993; amended 1999, 2008, 2014 (2016)
Country name [time series]
conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia | conventional short form: Cambodia | local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic transliteration) | local short form: Kampuchea Kampuchea | former: Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia | etymology: the English name Cambodia is an anglicization of the French Cambodge, which is the French transliteration of the native name Kampuchea
Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador William A. HEIDT (since 2 December 2015) | mailing address: Unit 8166, Box P, APO AP 96546 | telephone: [855] (23) 728-000 | FAX: [855] (23) 728-600
Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador CHUM BUN RONG (since 3 August 2015) | chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 | telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742 | FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381
Executive branch [time series]
chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004) | head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985); Permanent Deputy Prime Minister MEN SAM AN (since 25 September 2008); Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992), SOK AN, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG (all since 16 July 2004), BIN CHHIN (since 5 September 2007), KEAT CHHON, YIM CHHAI LY (since 24 September 2008), KE KIMYAN (since 12 March 2009) | cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch | elections/appointments: monarch chosen by the 9-member, Royal Council of the Throne from among all eligible males of royal descent; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the monarch
Flag (Flag description) [time series]
three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band; red and blue are traditional Cambodian colors | note: only national flag to incorporate an actual building into its design
Government type [time series]
parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Independence [time series]
9 November 1953 (from France)
International law organization participation [time series]
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation [time series]
ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, CICA (observer), EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MINUSMA, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Judicial branch [time series]
highest court(s): Supreme Council (organized into 5- and 9-judge panels and includes a court chief and deputy chief); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members); note - in 1997, the Cambodian Government requested UN assistance in establishing trials to prosecute former Khmer Rouge senior leaders for crimes against humanity committed during the 1975-1979 Khmer Rouge regime; the Extraordinary Chambers of the Courts in Cambodia (also called the Khmer Rouge Tribunal) were established and began hearings for the first case in 2009; court proceeding were ongoing in 2016 | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Council judge candidates recommended by the Supreme Council of Magistracy, a 17-member body chaired by the monarch and includes other high-level judicial officers; judges of both courts appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges appointed for 9-year terms with one-third of the court renewed every 3 years | subordinate courts: Appellate Court; provincial and municipal courts; Military Court
Legal system [time series]
civil law system (influenced by the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia) customary law, Communist legal theory, and common law
Legislative branch [time series]
description: bicameral Parliament of Cambodia consists of the Senate (61 seats; 57 indirectly elected by parliamentarians and commune councils, 2 indirectly elected by the National Assembly, and 2 appointed by the monarch; members serve 6-year terms) and the National Assembly (123 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) | note: two seats will be added to the National Assembly in 2018, for a total of 125 | elections: Senate - last held on 4 February 2012 (next to be held in 2018); National Assembly - last held on 28 July 2013 (next to be held in July 2018) | election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - CPP 77.8%, SRP 22.2%; seats by party - CPP 46, SRP 11; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 48.8%, CNRP 44.5%, other 6.7%; seats by party - CPP 68, CNRP 55
National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]
name: "Nokoreach" (Royal Kingdom) | lyrics/music: CHUON NAT/F. PERRUCHOT and J. JEKYLL | note: adopted 1941, restored 1993; the anthem, based on a Cambodian folk tune, was restored after the defeat of the Communist regime
National holiday [time series]
Independence Day, 9 November (1953)
National symbol(s) [time series]
Angkor Wat temple, kouprey (wild ox); national colors: red, blue
Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]
Cambodian National Rescue Party or CNRP [SAM RANGSI, also spelled SAM RAINSY] (a July 2012 merger between the Sam Rangsi Party or SRP and the former Human Rights Party or HRP [KHEM SOKHA, also spelled KEM SOKHA]) | Cambodian People's Party or CPP [HUN SEN]
Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]
Partnership for Transparency Fund or PTF (anti-corruption organization) | Students Movement for Democracy | The Committee for Free and Fair Elections or Comfrel | other: human rights organizations; labor unions; youth groups
Suffrage [time series]
18 years of age; universal
Introduction
Background [time series]
Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire, ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863, and it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In April 1975, after a seven-year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. | The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a cease-fire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy under a coalition government. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Some of the surviving Khmer Rouge leaders have been tried or are awaiting trial for crimes against humanity by a hybrid UN-Cambodian tribunal supported by international assistance. Elections in July 2003 were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. In October 2004, King Norodom SIHANOUK abdicated the throne and his son, Prince Norodom SIHAMONI, was selected to succeed him. The most recent local (Commune Council) elections were held in Cambodia in 2012, with little of the preelection violence that preceded prior elections. National elections in July 2013 were disputed, with the opposition - the Cambodian National Rescue Party (CNRP) - boycotting the National Assembly. The political impasse was ended nearly a year later, with the CNRP agreeing to enter parliament in exchange for ruling party commitments to electoral and legislative reforms.
Military and Security
Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]
Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force; the Royal Cambodian Gendarmerie is the military police force responsible for internal security; the National Committee for Maritime Security performs Coast Guard functions and has representation from military and civilian agencies (2016)
Military expenditures [time series]
2% of GDP (2015 est.) | 1.8% of GDP (2014) | 1.58% of GDP (2013) | 1.54% of GDP (2012) | 1.5% of GDP (2011) | country comparison to the world: 60
Military service age and obligation [time series]
18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2012)
People and Society
Age structure [time series]
0-14 years: 31.24% (male 2,515,435/female 2,468,855) | 15-24 years: 19.02% (male 1,501,070/female 1,533,500) | 25-54 years: 40.18% (male 3,139,851/female 3,271,077) | 55-64 years: 5.43% (male 342,063/female 524,114) | 65 years and over: 4.14% (male 248,454/female 412,804) (2016 est.)
Birth rate [time series]
23.4 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 66
Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]
23.9% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 18
Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]
50.5% (2010/11)
Death rate [time series]
7.6 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 109
Dependency ratios [time series]
total dependency ratio: 55.6% | youth dependency ratio: 49.2% | elderly dependency ratio: 6.4% | potential support ratio: 15.6% (2015 est.)
Drinking water source [time series]
urban: 100% of population | rural: 69.1% of population | total: 75.5% of population | urban: 0% of population | rural: 30.9% of population | total: 24.5% of population (2015 est.)
Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]
2% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 152
Ethnic groups [time series]
Khmer 97.6%, Cham 1.2%, Chinese 0.1%, Vietnamese 0.1%, other 0.9% (2013 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]
0.63% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 59
HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]
2,000 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]
74,100 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49
Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]
5.7% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 127
Hospital bed density [time series]
0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)
Infant mortality rate [time series]
total: 48.7 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 55.2 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 41.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 36
Languages [time series]
Khmer (official) 96.3%, other 3.7% (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth [time series]
total population: 64.5 years | male: 62 years | female: 67.1 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 181
Literacy [time series]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 77.2% | male: 84.5% | female: 70.5% (2015 est.)
Major infectious diseases [time series]
degree of risk: very high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever | vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria (2016)
Major urban areas - population [time series]
PHNOM PENH (capital) 1.731 million (2015)
Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]
161 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 45
Median age [time series]
total: 24.9 years | male: 24.2 years | female: 25.6 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 156
Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]
22.9 | note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2014 est.)
Nationality [time series]
noun: Cambodian(s) | adjective: Cambodian
Net migration rate [time series]
-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 119
Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]
2.9% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 183
Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]
0.17 physicians/1,000 population (2012)
Population [time series]
15,957,223 | note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 69
Population growth rate [time series]
1.56% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 74
Religions [time series]
Buddhist (official) 96.9%, Muslim 1.9%, Christian 0.4%, other 0.8% (2008 est.)
Sanitation facility access [time series]
urban: 88.1% of population | rural: 30.5% of population | total: 42.4% of population | urban: 11.9% of population | rural: 69.5% of population | total: 57.6% of population (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]
total: 11 years | male: 11 years | female: 10 years (2008)
Sex ratio [time series]
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 0.98 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.65 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female | total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
Total fertility rate [time series]
2.56 children born/woman (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 75
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]
total: 0.5% | male: 0.7% | female: 0.4% | note: according to official statistics (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 130
Urbanization [time series]
urban population: 20.7% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 2.65% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international [time series]
Cambodia is concerned about Laos' extensive upstream dam construction; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary; in 2011 Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear Temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962 and part of a UN World Heritage site; Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; progress on a joint development area with Vietnam is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands
Illicit drugs [time series]
narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; limited methamphetamine production; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders
Trafficking in persons [time series]
current situation: Cambodia is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Cambodian men, women, and children migrate to countries within the region and, increasingly, the Middle East for legitimate work but are subjected to sex trafficking, domestic servitude, or forced labor in fishing, agriculture, construction, and factories; Cambodian men recruited to work on Thai-owned fishing vessels are subsequently subjected to forced labor in international waters and are kept at sea for years; poor Cambodian children are vulnerable and, often with the families’ complicity, are subject to forced labor, including domestic servitude and forced begging, in Thailand and Vietnam; Cambodian and ethnic Vietnamese women and girls are trafficked from rural areas to urban centers and tourist spots for sexual exploitation; Cambodian men are the main exploiters of child prostitutes, but men from other Asian countries, and the West travel to Cambodia for child sex tourism | tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List – Cambodia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute making significant efforts to meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; authorities made modest progress in prosecutions and convictions of traffickers in 2014 but did not provide comprehensive data; endemic corruption continued to impede law enforcement efforts, and no complicit officials were prosecuted or convicted; the government sustained efforts to identify victims and refer them to NGOs for care, but victim protection remained inadequate, particularly for assisting male victims and victims identified abroad; a new national action plan was adopted, but guidelines for victim identification and guidance on undercover investigation techniques are still pending after several years (2015)
Transportation
Airports [time series]
16 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 142
Airports - with paved runways [time series]
total: 6 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]
total: 10 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 | 914 to 1,523 m: 7 | under 914 m: 1 (2013)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]
XU (2016)
Heliports [time series]
1 (2013)
Merchant marine [time series]
total: 544 | by type: bulk carrier 38, cargo 459, carrier 7, chemical tanker 4, container 4, liquefied gas 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 4, vehicle carrier 1 | foreign-owned: 352 (Belgium 1, Canada 2, China 177, Cyprus 4, Egypt 4, Estonia 1, French Polynesia 1, Gabon 1, Greece 2, Hong Kong 10, Indonesia 2, Ireland 1, Japan 1, Lebanon 5, Russia 50, Singapore 3, South Korea 10, Syria 22, Taiwan 1, Turkey 15, UAE 2, UK 1, Ukraine 35, Vietnam 1) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 21
National air transport system [time series]
number of registered air carriers: 4 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 10 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,103,880 | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 2,301,260 mt-km (2015)
Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]
major seaport(s): Sihanoukville (Kampong Saom) | river port(s): Phnom Penh (Mekong)
Railways [time series]
total: 642 km | narrow gauge: 642 km 1.000-m gauge | note: under restoration (2014) | country comparison to the world: 108
Roadways [time series]
total: 44,709 km | paved: 3,607 km | unpaved: 41,102 km (2010) | country comparison to the world: 88
Waterways [time series]
3,700 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2012) | country comparison to the world: 28