Cambodia

parliamentary constitutional monarchy

name: Phnom Penh geographic coordinates: 11 33 N, 104 55 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name means "mountain of plenty," from the Cambodian words phnom (mountain or hill) and penh (full)

chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004) head of government: Prime Minister HUN MANET (since 22 August 2023) cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch election/appointment process: monarch chosen by the 9-member Royal Council of the Throne from among all eligible males of royal descent; after legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the monarch note: MANET succeeded his father, HUN SEN, who had been prime minister since 1985

legislature name: Parliament legislative structure: bicameral

highest court(s): Supreme Council (organized into 5- and 9-judge panels and includes a court chief and deputy chief); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Council judge candidates recommended by the Supreme Council of Magistracy, a 17-member body chaired by the monarch and includes other high-level judicial officers; judges of both courts appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges appointed for 9-year terms with one third of the court renewed every 3 years subordinate courts: Appellate Court; provincial and municipal courts; Military Court

history: previous 1947; latest promulgated 21 September 1993 amendment process: proposed by the monarch, by the prime minister, or by the president of the National Assembly if supported by one fourth of the Assembly membership; passage requires two-thirds majority of the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the multiparty democratic form of government and the monarchy cannot be amended

ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

1.5% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 2.1% of GDP (2022 est.) 2.3% of GDP (2021 est.) 2.3% of GDP (2020 est.)

Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF): Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force, Royal Gendarmerie (Military Police); National Committee for Maritime Security (2025) note 1: the National Committee for Maritime Security performs coast guard functions and has representation from military and civilian agencies note 2: the Cambodian National Police are under the Ministry of Interior

18 is the legal minimum age for military service for men and women (2025) note: in 2006, Cambodia's parliament approved a law requiring all Cambodians aged 18 to 30 to serve in the military for 18 months, although the law has never been enforced (service was to be voluntary for women); in 2025, the Cambodian Government announced that the 2006 conscription law would be enforced beginning in 2026 and have a 24-month service requirement

the primary responsibilities of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) are border, coastal, and internal security; key security partners include China and Vietnam; in July 2025, following months of rising tensions, the RCAF and the military forces of Thailand clashed in multiple locations along their disputed border; both sides blamed the other for provoking the five-day conflict, which included cross-border artillery shelling by both sides and air attacks by RTARF fighter aircraft and drones the RCAF was re-established in 1993 under the first coalition government from the merger of the Cambodian Government s military forces (Cambodian People s Armed Forces) and the two non-communist resistance forces (Sihanoukist National Army, aka National Army for Khmer Independence, and the Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces); thousands of communist Khmer Rouge fighters began surrendering by 1994 under a government amnesty program and the last of the Khmer Rouge forces (National Army of Democratic Kampuchea) were demobilized or absorbed into the RCAF in 1999 (2025)

340 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 180 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2025)

$123.676 billion (2024 est.) $116.658 billion (2023 est.) $111.095 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

$7,000 (2024 est.) $6,700 (2023 est.) $6,500 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

6% (2024 est.) 5% (2023 est.) 5.1% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

2.1% (2023 est.) 5.3% (2022 est.) 2.9% (2021 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

50.3% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

$31.712 billion (2024 est.) $27.753 billion (2023 est.) $25.497 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

$34.329 billion (2024 est.) $29.421 billion (2023 est.) $34.759 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

0.3% (2024 est.) 0.3% (2023 est.) 0.3% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

revenues: $7.076 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $8.285 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

tourism, garments, construction, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles

cassava, rice, maize, sugarcane, vegetables, oil palm fruit, rubber, bananas, jute, pork (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

total: 17,230,333 (2025 est.) male: 8,362,224 female: 8,868,109

0.95% (2025 est.)

0-14 years: 28.9% (male 2,497,056/female 2,436,618) 15-64 years: 65.8% (male 5,456,941/female 5,765,206) 65 years and over: 5.3% (2024 est.) (male 323,591/female 584,257)

17.74 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

5.62 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

-2.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total population: 71.4 years (2024 est.) male: 69.6 years female: 73.3 years

urban population: 25.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Khmer 95.4%, Cham 2.4%, Chinese 1.5%, other 0.7% (2019-20 est.)

Khmer (official) 95.8%, minority languages 2.9%, Chinese 0.6%, Vietnamese 0.5%, other 0.2% (2019 est.) major-language sample(s): សៀវភៅហេតុការណនៅលើពិភពលោក។ ទីតាំងពត៏មានមូលដានគ្រឹះយាងសំខាន់។. (Khmer) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Buddhist (official) 97.1%, Muslim 2%, Christian 0.3%, other 0.5% (2019 est.)

total population: 71.9% (2021 est.) male: 81.5% (2021 est.) female: 63.6% (2021 est.)

oil and gas, timber, gemstones, iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential, arable land

tier rating: Tier 3 Cambodia does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore, Cambodia remained on Tier 3; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/cambodia/

refugees: 28 (2024 est.) IDPs: 2,526 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 75,000 (2024 est.)

12 (2025)

total: 642 km (2014) narrow gauge: 642 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge note: under restoration

total: 195 (2023) by type: container ship 2, general cargo 123, oil tanker 18, other 52

total subscriptions: 20.5 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 116 (2024 est.)

percent of population: 61% (2023 est.)