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Communications

Airports [time series]

16 total, 8 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

13,351 km total; 2,622 km bituminous; 7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; 3,624 km unimproved earth; some roads in disrepair

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters

Ports [time series]

Kampong Saom, Phnom Penh

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

612 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public; international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries; broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, 1 TV

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

SOC - Cambodian People's Armed Forces (CPAF); Communist resistance forces - National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge); non-Communist resistance forces - Armee National Kampuchea Independent (ANKI), which is sometimes anglicized as National Army of Independent Cambodia (NAIC), and Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF) - under the Paris peace agreement of October 1991, all four factions are to observe a cease-fire and prepare for UN-supervised cantonment, disarmament, and 70% demobilization before the election, with the fate of the remaining 30% to be determined by the newly elected government - the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) will verify the cease-fire and disarm the combatants

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, 1,877,339; 1,032,102 fit for military service; 61,807 reach military age (18) annually

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations; main crops - rice, rubber, corn; food shortages - rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour

Budget [time series]

revenues $178 million expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

riel (plural - riels); 1 riel (CR) = 100 sen

Economic aid [time series]

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $725 million; Western (non-US countries) (1970-89), $300 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.8 billion

Electricity [time series]

140,000 kW capacity; 200 million kWh produced, 30 kWh per capita (1991)

Exchange rates [time series]

riels (CR) per US$1 - 714 (May 1992), 500 (December 1991), 560 (1990), 159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987)

Exports [time series]

$32 million (f.o.b., 1988) commodities: natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood partners: Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$600 million (1989)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $930 million, per capita $130; real growth rate NA (1991 est.)

Imports [time series]

$147 million (c.i.f., 1988) commodities: international food aid; fuels, consumer goods, machinery partners: Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate NA%

Industries [time series]

rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

53% (1990 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Cambodia is a desperately poor country whose economic development has been stymied by deadly political infighting. The economy is based on agriculture and related industries. Over the past decade Cambodia has been slowly recovering from its near destruction by war and political upheaval. The food situation remains precarious; during the 1980s famine was averted only through international relief. In 1986 the production level of rice, the staple food crop, was able to meet only 80% of domestic needs. The biggest success of the nation's recovery program has been in new rubber plantings and in fishing. Industry, other than rice processing, is almost nonexistent. Foreign trade has been primarily with the former USSR and Vietnam, and both trade and foreign aid are being adversely affected by the breakup of the USSR. Statistical data on the economy continue to be sparse and unreliable. Foreign aid from the former USSR and Eastern Europe has virtually stopped.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Climate [time series]

tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to October); dry season (December to March); little seasonal temperature variation

Coastline [time series]

443 km

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly smaller than Oklahoma

Disputes - international (Disputes) [time series]

offshore islands and three sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

a land of paddies and forests dominated by Mekong River and Tonle Sap

Area (Land area) [time series]

176,520 km2

Land boundaries [time series]

2,572 km; Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

Land use [time series]

arable land 16%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 3%; forest and woodland 76%; other 4%; includes irrigated 1%

Maritime claims [time series]

Contiguous zone: 24 nm Continental shelf: 200 nm Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm Territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural resources [time series]

timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential

Note [time series]

buffer between Thailand and Vietnam

Terrain [time series]

mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north

Area (Total area) [time series]

181,040 km2

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

19 provinces (khet, singular and plural) and 2 autonomous cities* Banteay Meanchey, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Saom City*, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnom Phen City*, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev

Capital [time series]

Phnom Penh

Constitution [time series]

a new constitution will be drafted after the national election in 1993

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

the Supreme National Council (SNC) represents Cambodia in international organizations - it filled UN seat in September 1991 US: Charles TWINNING is the US representative to Cambodia

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

UN-supervised election for a 120-member constituent assembly based on proportional representation within each province will be held nine months after UN-organized voter registration is complete; the election is not anticipated before April 1993; the assembly will draft and approve a constitution and then transform itself into a legislature that will create a new Cambodian Government

Executive branch [time series]

a twelve-member Supreme National Council (SNC), chaired by Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, composed of representatives from each of the four political factions; faction names and delegation leaders are: State of Cambodia (SOC) - HUN SEN; Democratic Kampuchea (DK or Khmer Rouge) - KHIEU SAMPHAN; Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) - SON SANN; National United Front for an Independent, Peaceful, Neutral, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) - Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH

Flag [time series]

SNC - blue background with white map of Cambodia in middle; SOC - two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and blue with a gold stylized five-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center

Independence [time series]

8 November 1949 (from France)

Judicial branch [time series]

pending a national election in 1993, the incumbent SOC faction's Supreme People's Court is the only functioning national judicial body

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: SNC - Chairman Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, under United Nations's supervision Head of Government: NGC - vacant, formerly held by SON SANN (since July 1982); will be determined following the national election in 1993; SOC - Chairman of the Council of Ministers HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985)

Legislative branch [time series]

pending a national election in 1993, the incumbent SOC faction's National Assembly is the only functioning national legislative body

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

none

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, LORCS, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO

National holiday [time series]

NGC - Independence Day, 17 April (1975); SOC - Liberation Day, 7 January (1979)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge) under KHIEU SAMPHAN; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party (CPP) (name changed and HENG SAMRIN replaced in October 1991) under CHEA SIM; Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under SON SANN; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) under Prince NORODOM RANNARIDH

Suffrage [time series]

universal at age 18

Government type (Type) [time series]

currently administered by the Supreme National Council (SNC), a body set up under United Nations' auspices, in preparation for an internationally supervised election in 1993 and including representatives from each of the country's four political factions

People

Birth rate [time series]

37 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate [time series]

15 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Khmer 90%, Chinese 5%, other 5%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

121 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

Labor force [time series]

2.5-3.0 million; agriculture 80% (1988 est.)

Languages [time series]

Khmer (official), French

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

48 years male, 51 years female (1992)

Literacy [time series]

35% (male 48%, female 22%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun - Cambodian(s); adjective - Cambodian

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)

Organized labor [time series]

Kampuchea Federation of Trade Unions (FSC); under government control

Population [time series]

7,295,706 (July 1992), growth rate 2.1% (1992)

Religions [time series]

Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.4 children born/woman (1992)